While sovereignty has roots in antiquity, in its present usage it is essentially modern.

In more modern English usage, the term " adobe " has come to include a style of architecture popular in the desert climates of North America, especially in New Mexico.

Until the 17th century, art referred to any skill or mastery and was not differentiated from crafts or sciences, but in modern usage the fine arts, where aesthetic considerations are paramount, are distinguished from acquired skills in general, and the decorative or applied arts.

Though the word atom originally denoted a particle that cannot be cut into smaller particles, in modern scientific usage the atom is composed of various subatomic particles.

In modern English, " Americans " generally refers to residents of the United States, and among native speakers of English this usage is almost universal, with any other use of the term requiring specification of the subject under discussion.

In modern usage, the term is sometimes used improperly as a catch-all classification of " other world religions " alongside major organized religions.

Contrary to modern usage, the term did not have the extended connotation of overweening pride, self-confidence or arrogance, often resulting in fatal retribution.

The meaning was eventually further generalized in its modern English usage to apply to any outrageous act or exhibition of pride or disregard for basic moral laws.

In modern ground forces ' usage, the meaning of armour has expanded to include the role of troops in combat.

From this widening usage has come the more modern sense of the word.

In modern and ancient usage, even within secular terminology, Christ usually refers to Jesus, building on the centuries old tradition of such use.

To facilitate this improvement, IBM utilized the concept of a microprogram ( often called " microcode "), which still sees widespread usage in modern CPUs.

* System: privatization began in 1988 ; advanced telecommunications infrastructure ; modern system based on extensive microwave radio relay facilities ; fixed-line connections have dropped in recent years as mobile-cellular usage continues to increase, reaching a level of 85 telephones per 100 persons

In recent usage, especially in the context of environmental policy, the term " climate change " often refers only to changes in modern climate, including the rise in average surface temperature known as global warming.

This institution, with its name, was later emulated by other powers and is reflected in the modern usage of the word ( see Consul ( representative )).

The word " strategy " had only recently come into usage in modern Europe, and Clausewitz's definition is quite narrow: " the use of engagements for the object of war.

The modern usage of the term carbine covers much the same scope as it always had, namely lighter weapons ( generally rifles ) with barrels less than 457. 2 mm ( 18 inches ).

The modern usage of terms for mail armour is highly contested in popular and, to a lesser degree, academic culture.

In the modern era, the term cannon has fallen out of common usage, replaced by " guns " or " artillery " if not a more specific term such as " mortar " or " howitzer ".

While the specific definition has changed over time, modern usage refers to a typically non-realistic or semi-realistic drawing or painting intended for satire, caricature, or humor, or to the artistic style of such works.

Criticisms of mainstream psychology consistent with current critical psychology usage have existed since psychology's modern development in the late 19th century.

In more modern usage, the length of a diameter is also called the diameter.

Chinese numerals have symbols for 1 – 9, and additional symbols for powers of 10, which in modern usage reach 10 < sup > 44 </ sup >.

While the dative case is no longer a part of modern English usage, it survives in a few set expressions.

In modern usage, the term " dictator " is generally used to describe a leader who holds and / or abuses an extraordinary amount of personal power, especially the power to make laws without effective restraint by a legislative assembly.

Confinement at high stocking density is one part of a systematic effort to produce the highest output at the lowest cost by relying on economies of scale, modern machinery, biotechnology, and global trade.

The disputed books, included in one canon but not in others, are often called the Biblical apocrypha, a term that is sometimes used specifically ( and possibly pejoratively in English ) to describe the books in the Catholic and Orthodox canons that are absent from the Jewish Masoretic Text ( also called the Tanakh or Miqra ) and most modern Protestant Bibles.

In modern times, collectivism is sometimes thought to be synonymous with socialism or specifically Leninism for its emphasis on a hierarchical Vanguard party organization, though collectivism more accurately simply means " group oriented " or " group orientation ".

At times he strikes the modern reader as thoroughly credulous, but at others he specifically states that he is merely reporting what is told by others, and even that he does not believe them.

It may also refer specifically to the role of Charles Darwin as opposed to others in the history of evolutionary thought — particularly contrasting Darwin's results with those of earlier theories such as Lamarckism or later ones such as the modern synthesis.

In modern Microsoft Windows and Linux operating systems, the keyboard layouts US International and UK International feature dead keys that allow one to type Latin letters with the acute, grave, circumflex, diæresis, tilde, and cedilla found in Western European languages ( specifically, those combinations found in the ISO Latin-1 character set ) directly: "+ e gives ë, ~+ o gives õ, etc.

More specifically, a modern kit ( for a right handed player ), as used in popular music, taught in many music schools, and for which qualifications are available from Trinity College London consists of:

Since the overwhelming majority of scientists accept the modern evolutionary synthesis as the best explanation of current data, the term is seldom used in the scientific community ; to say someone is a scientist implies acceptance of evolutionary views, unless specifically noted otherwise.

In mathematics, more specifically in the area of modern algebra known as Galois theory, the Galois group of a certain type of field extension is a specific group associated with the field extension.

The focus of the Scottish Enlightenment ranged from intellectual and economic matters to the specifically scientific as in the work of William Cullen, physician and chemist, James Anderson, an agronomist, Joseph Black, physicist and chemist, and James Hutton, the first modern geologist.

The name is the modern form ( appearing in the 13th century ) of midden-erd < nowiki >></ nowiki > middel-erd, an ancient name for the oikoumene, the abiding place of Men, the objectively real world, in use specifically opposed to imaginary worlds ( as Fairyland ) or unseen worlds ( as Heaven or Hell ).

However, he believed that ' a painter must be part of the land and of the life he paints ', and his own artistic development, as a Modernist and Expressionist, helped articulate a modern Dublin of the 20th century, partly by depicting specifically Irish subjects, but also by doing so in the light of universal themes such as the loneliness of the individual, and the universality of the plight of man.

Wedgwood is credited as the inventor of modern marketing, specifically direct mail, money-back guarantees, traveling salesmen, self-service, free delivery, buy one get one free, and illustrated catalogues.

* Many of his pieces have been displayed on the strategy game Civilization IV, specifically when the player enters the modern era.

Swords designed specifically to be tachi are generally kotō rather than shintō, so they are generally better manufactured and more elaborately decorated, however, these are still katana if worn in modern buke-zukuri style.

Most modern deerskin is no longer procured from the wild, with deer farms breeding the animals specifically for the purpose of their skins.

The two L's do not seem to have specifically represented either name, and the order Ludwik Lazar is a modern convention.

* Pierre-Joseph Proudhon: Commonly considered the father of modern anarchism, specifically mutualism.

Because religion helps to define motivation, Weber believed that religion ( and specifically Calvinism ) actually helped to give rise to modern capitalism, as he asserted in his most famous and controversial work, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism.

Beginning with the Ottoman Empire, many modern sharia jurisdictions have created penal law codes ( Qanun ) that cover areas that are not specifically mentioned in sharia law, although they may not contradict sharia law.

Regarding Gilliam's theme of modernity's struggle between spirituality and rationality whereas the individual may become dominated by a tyrannical, soulless machinery of disenchanted society, film critic Keith James Hamel observed a specific affinity of Gilliam's movies with the writings of economic historian Arnold Toynbee and sociologist Max Weber, specifically the latter's concept of the Iron cage of modern rationality.

Most modern, accepted theories of cosmology are based on general relativity and, more specifically, the predicted Big Bang ; however, still more careful measurements are required to determine which theory is correct.

In the modern Scandinavian languages, the word Viking usually refers specifically to those people who went on Viking expeditions.

Most modern ATGMs have shaped charge high explosive ( HEAT ) warheads, designed specifically for penetrating armor.

Miracle plays, or Saint's plays, are now distinguished from mystery plays as they specifically re-enacted miraculous interventions by the saints, particularly St. Nicholas or St. Mary, into the lives of ordinary people, rather than biblical events ; however both of these terms are more commonly used by modern scholars than they were by medieval people, who used a wide variety of terminology to refer to their dramatic performances.

Outside of police and military organizations, modern marching bands are most commonly associated with American football, specifically the pregame and halftime shows.