In most jurisdictions the normal and preferred way of seeking appellate review is by filing an appeal of the final judgment.

In most jurisdictions, the court system is divided into at least three levels: the trial court, which initially hears cases and reviews evidence and testimony to determine the facts of the case ; at least one intermediate appellate court ; and a supreme court ( or court of last resort ) which primarily reviews the decisions of the intermediate courts.

Some jurisdictions have specialized appellate courts, such as the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals, which only hears appeals raised in criminal cases, and the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, which has general jurisdiction but derives most of its caseload from patent cases, on the other hand, and appeals from the Court of Federal Claims on the other.

In most United States jurisdictions a defendant is allowed the opportunity to allocute — that is, explain himself — before sentence is passed.

In most of the world's jurisdictions, the professional and commercial uses of the terms " architect " and " landscape architect " are legally protected.

In some jurisdictions, most notably England, it is not a defense where the degree of injury is severe, as long as there is no legally recognized good reason for the assault.

As the criminal law evolved, element one was weakened in most jurisdictions so that a reasonable fear of bodily injury would suffice.

This defense would most likely fail since only involuntary intoxication is accepted as a defense in most American jurisdictions.

Unlike most Common-law jurisdictions, the majority of civil law jurisdictions have specialized courts or sections to deal with administrative cases which, as a rule, will apply procedural rules specifically designed for such cases and different from that applied in private-law proceedings, such as contract or tort claims.

In Brazil, unlike most Civil-law jurisdictions, there is no specialized court or section to deal with administrative cases.

It is also largely accepted in most jurisdictions that this principle can be overridden in the company's constitution.

In most jurisdictions, the law provides for a variety of remedies in the event of a breach by the directors of their duties:

The Fundamentals of Engineering exam-the first ( and more general ) of two licensure examinations for most U. S. jurisdictions — does now cover biology ( although technically not BME ).

For the second exam, called the Principles and Practices, Part 2, or the Professional Engineering exam, candidates may select a particular engineering discipline's content to be tested on ; there is currently not an option for BME with this, meaning that any biomedical engineers seeking a license must prepare to take this examination in another category ( which does not affect the actual license, since most jurisdictions do not recognize discipline specialties anyway ).

In most jurisdictions worldwide, gambling is limited to persons over the age of license ( 16 to 21 years of age in most countries where casinos are permitted ).

For example, in most jurisdictions, decisions by appellate courts are binding on lower courts in the same jurisdiction and on future decisions of the same appellate court, but decisions of lower courts are only non-binding persuasive authority.

For example, most areas of law in most Anglo-American jurisdictions include " statutory law " enacted by a legislature, " regulatory law " promulgated by executive branch agencies pursuant to delegation of rule-making authority from the legislature, and common law or " case law ", i. e., decisions issued by courts ( or quasi-judicial tribunals within agencies ).

By contrast, in civil law jurisdictions ( the legal tradition that prevails in, or is combined with common law in, Europe and most non-Islamic, non-common law countries ), courts lack authority to act where there is no statute, and judicial precedent is given less interpretive weight ( which means that a judge deciding a given case has more freedom to interpret the text of a statute independently, and less predictably ), and scholarly literature is given more.

For most purposes, most jurisdictions, including the U. S. federal system and most states, have merged the two courts.

Even though most proposals call for payments of less than the full amount of the debt owing, in most cases, the creditors will accept the deal, because if they do not, the next alternative may be personal bankruptcy, where the creditors will get even less money.

The most common reasons for personal insolvency in Sweden are illness, unemployment, divorce or company bankruptcy, not the reckless spending claimed by politicians and debt collection agencies when they describe the problem with deep personal debts.

Chapter 11 bankruptcy is available to every business, whether organized as a corporation or sole proprietorship, and to individuals, although it is most prominently used by corporate entities.

Chapter 11 retains many of the features present in all, or most, bankruptcy proceedings in the U. S. It provides additional tools for debtors as well.

While the automatic stay is in place, most litigation against the debtor is stayed, or put on hold, until it can be resolved in bankruptcy court, or resumed in its original venue.

Because of the weak international position and its labor policies ( most peasants lived through a subsistence economy ), Pétion's government was perpetually on the brink of bankruptcy.

In 1975, this company filed for bankruptcy in the Western District of Michigan and most of its assets were liquidated.

In those instances, in most jurisdictions, the running of limitations is tolled until the circumstance ( i. e., the injured party reaches majority in the former or the bankruptcy proceeding is concluded in the latter ) no longer exists.

Francis A. Schaeffer, an American theologian based in Switzerland, seizing upon the exclusion of the divine from most humanist writings, argued that rampant secular humanism would lead to moral relativism and ethical bankruptcy in his book How Should We Then Live: The Rise and Decline of Western Thought and Culture ( 1976 ).

One of the most significant aspects of trusts is the ability to partition and shield assets from the trustee, multiple beneficiaries, and their respective creditors ( particularly the trustee's creditors ), making it " bankruptcy remote ", and leading to its use in pensions, mutual funds, and asset securitization.

In any event, the high prices paid put some European telecom operators close to bankruptcy ( most notably KPN ).

Since Chrysler's 2009 bankruptcy filing in the United States, Chrysler has been controlled by Italian automaker Fiat, which unlike Daimler plans to integrate Chrysler's products into the Fiat portfolio, most notably Lancia and Chrysler's namesake brand.

Roberts Treaty of 1833 ; stipulates free trade with few limitations, most favored nation status, and relief for US citizens in cases of shipwreck, piracy, or bankruptcy.

Some of the most notable cases exclusively in federal jurisdiction are suits between state governments, suits involving ambassadors, certain intellectual property cases, federal criminal cases, bankruptcy cases, large interstate class action cases, and most securities fraud class actions.

MCI's history, combined with the histories of companies it has acquired, echoes most of the trends that have swept American telecommunications in the past half-century: It was instrumental in pushing legal and regulatory changes that led to the breakup of the AT & T monopoly that dominated American telephony ; its purchase by WorldCom and subsequent bankruptcy in the face of accounting scandals was symptomatic of the Internet excesses of the late 1990s.

) Chapter 7 is the most common form of bankruptcy in the United States.

The importance of the effects of bankruptcy on creditworthiness is sometimes overemphasized because by the time most debtors are ready to file for bankruptcy their credit score is already ruined.

As a practical matter, most district courts have a standing " reference " order to that effect, so that all bankruptcy cases in that district are handled, at least initially, by the bankruptcy court.

On November 9, 2011, Jefferson County filed for bankruptcy, the most expensive municipal bankruptcy ever in the US, at $ 4. 1 billion, with debts of $ 3. 14 billion relating to sewer work.

I want the room in the attic prepared for him He is a most unusual lad, quite precocious in many ways.

In fact it has caused us to give serious thought to moving our residence south, because it is not easy for the most objective Southerner to sit calmly by when his host is telling a roomful of people that the only way to deal with Southerners who oppose integration is to send in troops and shoot the bastards down.

but for this discussion the most important division is between those who have been reconstructed and those who haven't.

But apart from racial problems, the old unreconstructed South -- to use the moderate words favored by Mr. Thomas Griffith -- finds itself unsympathetic to most of what is different about the civilization of the North.

The general acceptance of the idea of governmental ( i.e., societal ) responsibility for the economic well-being of the American people is surely one of the two most significant watersheds in American constitutional history.

Accidental war is so sensitive a subject that most of the people who could become directly involved in one are told just enough so they can perform their portions of incredibly complex tasks.

Even though in most cases the completion of the definitive editions of their writings is still years off, enough documentation has already been assembled to warrant drawing a new composite profile of the leadership which performed the heroic dual feats of winning American independence and founding a new nation.

It is clear that, while most writers enjoy picturing the Negro as a woolly-headed, humble old agrarian who mutters `` yassuhs '' and `` sho' nufs '' with blissful deference to his white employer ( or, in Old South terms, `` massuh '' ), this stereotype is doomed to become in reality as obsolete as Caldwell's Lester.

Presenting an individualized Negro character, it would seem, is one of the most difficult assignments a Southern writer could tackle ; ;

All but the most rabid of Confederate flag wavers admit that the Old Southern tradition is defunct in actuality and sigh that its passing was accompanied by the disappearance of many genteel and aristocratic traditions of the reputedly languid ante-bellum way of life.

Yet often fear persists because, even with the most rigid ritual, one is never quite free from the uneasy feeling that one might make some mistake or that in every previous execution one had been unaware of the really decisive act.

Perhaps the most illuminating example of the reduction of fear through understanding is derived from our increased knowledge of the nature of disease.

The consciousness it mirrors may have come earlier to Europe than to America, but it is the consciousness that most `` mature '' societies arrive at when their successes in technological and economic systematization propel them into a time of examining the not-strictly-practical ends of culture.

And the life they lead is undisciplined and for the most part unproductive, even though they make a fetish of devoting themselves to some creative pursuit -- writing, painting, music.

The music which Lautner has composed for this episode is for the most part `` rather pretty and perfectly banal ''.

Presupposed in Plato's system is a doctrine of levels of insight, in which a certain kind of detached understanding is alone capable of penetrating to the most sublime wisdom.

As long as perception is seen as composed only of isolated sense data, most of the quality and interconnectedness of existence loses its objectivity, becomes an invention of consciousness, and the result is a philosophical scepticism.

And it is precisely in this poorer economic class that one finds, and has always found, the most racial friction.

It is something which most of us try to get out from under.

We assume for this illustration that the size of the land plots is so great that the distance between dwellings is greater than the voice can carry and that most of the communication is between nearest neighbors only, as shown in Figure 2.