In his early works, Steiner sought to overcome what he perceived as the dualism of Cartesian idealism and Kantian subjectivism by developing Goethe's conception of the human being as a natural-supernatural entity, that is: natural in that humanity is a product of nature, supernatural in that through our conceptual powers we extend nature's realm, allowing it to achieve a reflective capacity in us as philosophy, art and science.

Marx endorsed this materialist philosophy against Hegel's idealism ; he " turned Hegel's dialectics upside down.

Along with Russell, he led the turn away from idealism in British philosophy, and became well known for his advocacy of common sense concepts, his contributions to ethics, epistemology, and metaphysics, and " his exceptional personality and moral character.

One of the most important parts of Moore's philosophical development was his break from the idealism that dominated British philosophy ( as represented in the works of his former teachers F. H. Bradley and John McTaggart ), and his defence of what he regarded as a " common sense " form of realism.

“ That account is put forward to answer an extremely perplexing question in the history of philosophy: Why did Berkeley embrace idealism, i. e., why did he hold that esse est percipi, that to be is to be perceived?

Hindu idealism is central to Vedanta philosophy and to such schools as Kashmir Shaivism.

With the neoplatonist Plotinus, wrote Nathaniel Alfred Boll ; " there even appears, probably for the first time in Western philosophy, idealism that had long been current in the East even at that time, for it taught … that the soul has made the world by stepping from eternity into time …".

Similarly, in regard to passages from the Enneads, " The only space or place of the world is the soul " and " Time must not be assumed to exist outside the soul ", Ludwig Noiré wrote: " For the first time in Western philosophy we find idealism proper in Plotinus, However, Plotinus does not address whether we know external objects, unlike Schopenhauer and other modern philosophers.

Hegel called his philosophy " absolute " idealism in contrast to the " subjective idealism " of Berkeley and the " transcendental idealism " of Kant and Fichte, which were not based on a critique of the finite and a dialectical philosophy of history as Hegel's idealism was.

Though far from a complete refutation, this was the first strong statement by analytic philosophy against its idealist predecessors, or at any rate against the type of idealism represented by Berkeley.

Thomas Davidson taught a philosophy called " apeirotheism ", a " form of pluralistic idealism ... coupled with a stern ethical rigorism " which he defined as " a theory of Gods infinite in number.

In The Grammar of Science, Preface to the 2nd Edition, 1900, Karl Pearson wrote, " There are many signs that a sound idealism is surely replacing, as a basis for natural philosophy, the crude materialism of the older physicists.

This work contains Marx's criticism of materialism ( for being contemplative ), idealism ( for reducing practice to theory ) and overall, criticising philosophy for putting abstract reality above the physical world.

Hegel's Absolute idealism and Whitehead's Process philosophy were later systems.

According to the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Solovyov thought, “ Although empiricism and rationalism (= idealism ) rest on false principles, their respective objective contents, external experience, qua the foundation of natural science, and logical thought, qua the foundation of pure philosophy, are to be synthesized or encompassed along with mystical knowledge in ' integral knowledge ,' what Solovyov terms ' theosophy.

Hegel's Absolute idealism and Whitehead's Process philosophy were later systems.

Along with the Chinese intellectual tradition which was prevalent during his youth, it is clear that Mao's personal philosophy, his idealism and populist leanings, were foundational to the formation and profile of Maoism.

The Bourbon economic philosophy, moreover, is not very different from that of Northern conservatives.

What is the history of criticism but the history of men attempting to make sense of the manifold elements in art that will not allow themselves to be reduced to a single philosophy or a single aesthetic theory??

However, it is important to trace the philosophy of the French Revolution to its sources to understand the common democratic origin of individualism and socialism and the influence of the latter on the former.

It is through such reflection that literature approaches philosophy.

Here we may observe that at least one modern philosophy of history is built on the assumption that ideas are the primary objectives of the historian's research.

No one can be as effective as the president in inspiring older men to welcome imaginative new teachers whose philosophy or approach to their specialties is quite different.

It is his relentlessness and unwaivering adherence to this revolutionary artistic philosophy that has enabled him to paint such pictures as `` The Invasion of Cuba ''.

A parallel function for philosophy is the study of the relation between perceptions experientially received and conceptions logically formed.

It is absurd to speak of philosophy as a superior enterprise to sociology, since the former is a logical, rational discipline, where sociology is essentially descriptive and empirical.

But contrary to Whitehead, philosophy is not a synonym for Plato.

The notion of philosophy as Queen Bee may fit well with authoritarian modes of political ideology, but it has been noted that the price of such an imperial notion of philosophy is the frustration and flagellation of the social sciences.

It is a commonplace that to the degree these special preserves of past philosophic hunting grounds establish an empirical content and suitable methodological criteria, they move away from philosophy as such.

What is left to traditional systems of philosophy is, in effect, only the history of these fields prior to their becoming rigorous enough to abide by the canons of scientific method.

In the new situation, philosophy is able to provide the social sciences with the same guidance that mathematics offers the physical sciences, a reservoir of logical relations that can be used in framing hypotheses having explanatory and predictive value.

) Whatever philosophy is conceived to be, its rationalist, logistic attitude to evidence should make it clear that it is something other than science.

Bergson and Leroy announce that `` the secret is the center of a philosophy '' and thereafter a hundred followers declare secrecy a higher verity.

In addition to the incompleteness of science and the completeness of metaphysics, they differ in that science is essentially descriptive, while philosophy in its inherited forms, tends to be goal-oriented, teleological and prescriptive.

Indicating the way in which he has turned his back on his 1910 philosophy, Mr. Reama said: `` A Socialist is a person who believes in dividing everything he does not own ''.

Yet, even after all these stratagems, the conscience of Christian liberality is still not laid to rest, any more than is the conscience of Harvard University for having done the abject penance for its rejection of Ralph Waldo Emerson's The Divinity School Address of naming its hall of philosophy after him.

* Another group is the School of the Military that studied strategy and the philosophy of war ; Sunzi and Sun Bin were influential leaders.

According to Moyra Grant, in political philosophy " collectivism " refers to any philosophy or system that puts any kind of group ( such as a class, nation, race, society, state, etc.

* Class ( philosophy ), an analytical concept used differently to group phenomena from grouping as ' types ' or ' kinds '

Left wing political philosophy generally couples the notion of freedom with that of positive liberty, or the enabling of a group or individual to determine their own life or realize their own potential.

He gathered a group of students around him to study mathematics, music, and philosophy, and together they discovered most of what high school students learn today in their geometry courses.

His first foray into television was a documentary for NBC's Omnibus, Dancing is a Man's Game ( 1958 ) where he assembled a group of America's greatest sportsmen – including Mickey Mantle, Sugar Ray Robinson and Bob Cousy – and re-interpreted their moves choreographically, as part of his lifelong quest to remove the effeminate stereotype of the art of dance, while articulating the philosophy behind his dance style.

Meanwhile, Hermeticism and the Kabbalah would influence the creation of a mystical philosophy known as Rosicrucianism, which first appeared in the early 17th century when two pamphlets detailing the existence of the mysterious Rosicrucian group were published in Germany.

* Article 137c: He who publicly, orally, in writing or graphically, intentionally expresses himself insultingly regarding a group of people because of their race, their religion or their life philosophy, their heterosexual or homosexual orientation or their physical, psychological or mental disability, shall be punished by imprisonment of no more than a year or a monetary penalty of the third category.

Individualist anarchism is not a single philosophy but refers to a group of individualistic philosophies that sometimes are in conflict.

Individualist anarchism is not a single philosophy but refers to a group of individualistic philosophies that sometimes are in conflict.

They excluded logic and added to the traditional Latin grammar and rhetoric not only history, Greek, and moral philosophy ( ethics ), but made poetry, once a sequel of grammar and rhetoric, the most important member of the whole group.

Historians such as Joseph Needham have seen this group as developing a precursor philosophy of science that was never fully developed, but others believe that recognizing the Logicians as proto-scientists reveals too much of a modern bias.

" The term is used to refer to a person who adopts the dress, speech, and / or mannerisms of a punk or hardcore subculture, generally for attaining acceptability within the group, yet who is deemed to not share or understand the values or philosophy of the subculture.

The original colonization group of Rihannsu came to this system after they fled their homeworld in rebellion against the philosophy of peace and logic proposed by Surak.

In philosophy, a sexist attitude is one which suggests human beings can be understood or judged on the basis of the essential characteristics of the group to which an individual belongs — in this case as either men or women.

The popularity of the evolution of cooperation – the reason it is not an obscure technical issue of interest to only a small number of specialists – is in part because it mirrors a larger issue where the realms of political philosophy, ethics, and biology intersect: the ancient issue of individual interests versus group interests.

With that, Durkheim argues, we are left with the following three concepts: the sacred ( the ideas that cannot be properly explained, inspire awe and are considered worthy of spiritual respect or devotion ), the beliefs and practices ( which create highly emotional state — collective effervescence — and invest symbols with sacred importance ), and the moral community ( a group of people sharing a common moral philosophy ).

The Benetton group has the same philosophy to sport as to business: i. e. passion, challenge, competition and results.

In philosophy, essentialism is the view that, for any specific entity ( such as a group of people ), there is a set of incidental attributes all of which are necessary to its identity and function.

The White Rose () was a non-violent, intellectual resistance group in Nazi Germany, consisting of students from the University of Munich and their philosophy professor.

The group IAM spreads positive messages about Islam and tolerance, a philosophy revealed by the group's multi-ethnic make-up including members that are " Madagascaran, Senegalese, Algerian, Spanish, and Italian plus one white French Native ".

In Moscow, Bakunin soon became friends with a group of former university students, and engaged in the systematic study of Idealist philosophy, grouped around the poet Nikolay Stankevich, “ the bold pioneer who opened to Russian thought the vast and fertile continent of German metaphysics ” ( E. H. Carr ).

The conference's main goals were to establish and supervise an intercollegiate athletic program among a group of educational institutions that shared the same academic standards and philosophy of co-curricular activities and seek status as a Division I conference for all of its sports.