Yet, after Rousseau had given the social contract a new twist with his notion of the General Will, the same philosophy, it may be said, became the idea source of the French Revolution also.

The philosophy is founded on the notion that human society originates with the development of agriculture, and societies are based upon " people's natural prospensity to farm.

So broad a notion has inevitably been elusive and controversial in the history of philosophy, beginning in western philosophy with attempts among the pre-Socratics to deploy it intelligibly.

The philosophy is founded on the notion that human society originates with the development of agriculture, and societies are based upon " people's natural prospensity to farm.

This notion also carried to Popper's political philosophy.

Dennett says that he was first introduced to the notion of philosophy while attending summer camp at age 11, when a camp counselor said to him, " You know what you are, Daniel?

Rudolf Carnap was also influenced by Husserl, not only concerning Husserl's notion of essential insight that Carnap used in his Der Raum, but also his notion of " formation rules " and " transformation rules " is founded on Husserl's philosophy of logic.

Left wing political philosophy generally couples the notion of freedom with that of positive liberty, or the enabling of a group or individual to determine their own life or realize their own potential.

When the former Australian Federal Education Minister, Brendan Nelson, raised the notion of intelligent design being taught in science classes, the public outcry caused the minister to quickly concede that the correct forum for intelligent design, if it were to be taught, is in religious or philosophy classes.

The notion that philosophy, especially ontology and the philosophy of mathematics should abstain from set theory owes much to the writings of Nelson Goodman ( see especially Goodman 1977 ), who argued that concrete and abstract entities having no parts, called individuals exist.

One of Heidegger ’ s main critiques on philosophy is that philosophy, and more specifically metaphysics, has forgotten to discriminate between investigating the notion of a Being ( Seiende ) and Being ( Sein ).

Hobbes's philosophy includes a frontal assault on the founding principles of the earlier natural legal tradition, disregarding the traditional association of virtue with happiness, and likewise re-defining " law " to remove any notion of the promotion of the common good.

: Re-examined the fundamentals of writing and its consequences on philosophy in general ; sought to undermine the language of ' presence ' or metaphysics in an analytical technique which, beginning as a point of departure from Heidegger's notion of Destruktion, came to be known as Deconstruction.

Instead, it is a cogent philosophy that directly challenges the notion of progress and what may be considered the faith-based claims of optimism.

These ideas led to his notion of specified complexity, which he developed in The Design Inference, a revision of his PhD dissertation in philosophy.

In the mid-19th century, the concept of " dialectic " was appropriated by Karl Marx ( see, for example, Das Kapital, published in 1867 ) and Friedrich Engels and retooled in a non-idealist manner, becoming a crucial notion in their philosophy of dialectical materialism.

Wiener is regarded as the originator of cybernetics, a formalization of the notion of feedback, with many implications for engineering, systems control, computer science, biology, philosophy, and the organization of society.

He added: " We are in some danger of resting our position too exclusively upon the existence, the nature and the wishes of the inhabitants of the Falkland Islands ... if the population of the Falkland Islands did not desire to be British, the principle that the Queen wishes no unwilling subjects would long ago have prevailed ; but we should create great difficulties for ourselves in other contexts, as well as in this context, if we rested our action purely and exclusively on the notion of restoring tolerable, acceptable conditions and self-determination to our fellow Britons on the Falkland Islands ....

It is likely that Queen Mary 1st would have had some notion of the extend and number of individuals executed from month to month across her realm.

We may thus trace the notion of individual autonomy from its manifestation in religious practice and theological reflection through practical politics and political theory into literature and the arts.

These cases, for all their rarity, are so dramatic that friends and relations repeat the story until the general population may get an entirely false notion of how often the hymen is a serious problem to newly-weds.

God knows what the African nations, who hold 25 per cent of the voting stock in the U.N. were thinking -- they may, for example, have been thinking of the U.S. abstention when the vote on Algerian freedom was before the Assembly -- but I think I have a fairly accurate notion of what the Negroes in the gallery were thinking.

Notably, for skewed distributions, the arithmetic mean may not accord with one's notion of " middle ", and robust statistics such as the median may be a better description of central tendency.

( Hume 1974: 322 ) In explaining how matters of fact are entirely a product of experience, he dismisses the notion that they may be arrived at through a priori reasoning.

Even though the author of the book states that Ruth " just happens " to find Boaz's field ( Ruth 2: 3 ), the reader may be led to accede to the notion that in Bible terms there is no mere chance, but that chance and God's providence amount to the same thing.

However, scholars assert that a distinct " Central European culture, as controversial and debated the notion may be, exists.

Skeat “… in at least three cases and probably in all, in the form of codices " and he theorized that this form of notebook was invented in Rome and then “… must have spread rapidly to the Near East …” In his discussion of one of the earliest pagan parchment codices to survive from Oxyrhynchus in Egypt, Eric Turner seems to challenge Skeat ’ s notion when stating “… its mere existence is evidence that this book form had a prehistory ” and that “ early experiments with this book form may well have taken place outside of Egypt .” Early codices of parchment or papyrus appear to have been widely used as personal notebooks, for instance in recording copies of letters sent ( Cicero Fam.

It may be a cultural notion, but has very little weight in international discourse ; very few political observers really discuss Christendom, while the Muslim World tends to comprise of a civilization in itself.

Since many commentators view the notion of sense as identical to the notion of concept, and Frege regards senses as the linguistic representations of states of affairs in the world, it seems to follow that we may understand concepts as the manner in which we grasp the world.

This developed the progressive education notion that students were to be engaged and taught so that their knowledge may be directed to society for a socially useful need.

It may refer either to equality of opportunity, the view that the government ought not to discriminate against citizens or hinder opportunities for them to prosper, or the quite different notion of equality of outcome, a state of economic affairs in which the government promotes equal prosperity for all citizens.

One of several views of epistemology, the study of human knowledge, along with rationalism, idealism, and historicism, empiricism emphasizes the role of experience and evidence, especially sensory perception, in the formation of ideas, over the notion of innate ideas or traditions ; empiricists may argue however that traditions ( or customs ) arise due to relations of previous sense experiences.

He therefore argued that, while some individuals may have henotheistically chosen one god to worship, Egyptian religion as a whole had no notion of a divine being beyond the immediate multitude of deities.

In practice, the difference between a mathematical function and the notion of a function used in imperative programming is that imperative functions can have side effects that may change the value of program state.

The notion of a formal grammar may be closer to the intuitive concept of a " language ," one described by syntactic rules.

This explanation may imply that IQ tests do not necessarily measure a general intelligence factor, especially not Raven's as often argued, but instead may measure different types of intelligence that are developed by different experiences ( this argument is against the notion of an underlying general intelligence, or g factor ).

However, although IQ attempts to measure some notion of intelligence, it may fail to act as an accurate measure of " intelligence " in its broadest sense.

The notion of the term may have been vague in the Meccan religion.

20th-century anthropologists largely reject the notion that all human societies must pass through the same stages in the same order, on the grounds that such a notion does not fit the empirical facts.

Again, the weighing of evidence and importance of new data was fit through the human sieve: some scientists found the simplicity of Einstein's equations to be most compelling, while some found them more complicated than the notion of Maxwell's aether which they banished.

A key notion in the work of the Frankfurt School since Dialectic of Enlightenment had been the idea of thought becoming an instrument of domination that subsumes all objects under the control of the ( dominant ) subject, especially through the notion of identity, i. e. of identifying as real in nature and society only that which harmonized or fit with dominant concepts, and regarding as unreal or non-existent everything that did not.

Additional support for this notion includes the reorientation of some graphs, by turning them 90 degrees as if to better fit on tall, narrow slats ; this style must have developed on bamboo or wood slat books and then carried over to the oracle bone script.

The punishments in the vision each closely correspond to the past sinful actions in a version of the Jewish notion of an eye for an eye, that the punishment may fit the crime.

This is not a useful notion when unrestricted ; but when the various strata are defined by some recognisable set of conditions ( for example being locally closed ), and fit together manageably, this idea is often applied in geometry.

These properties do not exist in a vacuum ; they are linked to the semantics of the programming language they describe, and there is a large space of varied languages that can fit these criteria, since the notion of " well typed " program is part of the static semantics of the programming language and the notion of " getting stuck " ( or " going wrong ") is a property of its dynamic semantics.

The notion of Rwandan origins for the kingdom was promoted by the European colonizers for it fit their ideals of a ruling class coming to the area from the " Hamitic " northeast.

Searle further claimed that performatives are what he calls declarations ; this is a technical notion of Searle's account: according to his conception, an utterance is a declaration, if " the successful performance of the speech act is sufficient to bring about the fit between words and world, to make the propositional content true.

Searle used this notion of " direction of fit " to create a taxonomy of illocutionary acts.

Charles had not seen fit to scout beyond the River Saane to see what held the Swiss back, but there was a notion round the Burgundian camp that this was to be the day of battle.

This did not fit the generally accepted notion that the Earth was approximately 6, 000 years old.

That is, domains are organized with an ideal notion of the world that may or may not fit reality.

One of the hallmarks of evolutionary epistemology is the notion that empirical testing does not justify the truth of scientific theories, but rather that social and methodological processes select those theories with the closest " fit " to a given problem.

Synonyms and / or related concepts include: aptronym, apronym, aptonym, jobonymns, ' namephreaks ', onomastic determinism, ' perfect fit last names ' ( PFLNs ), psychonymics and, classically, the notion that nomen est omen, or όνομα ορίζοντας.

The notion that the people are central to the political process and their explicit support for republicanism does not fit with the traditional meaning of Jacobites-that is, those who favour the restoration of the House of Stuart to the Scottish ( and indeed, English ) monarchy.