Because agricultural activities are seasonal and the areas of production and harvest of many foods are widely scattered geographically, and because of the high cost of transporting bulk food items any substantial distance to a central processing location, the use of large central processing stations, where low-cost radiation facilities approaching the megawatt range might be utilized, is inherently impracticable.

The radiation processing of meat has received extensive investigation.

The European Union has regulated processing of food by ionizing radiation in specific directives since 1999 ; the relevant documents and reports are accessible online.

" Dose " is the physical quantity governing the radiation processing of food, relating to the beneficial effects to be achieved.

This may include radiation processing.

The AQIS announced on June 6, 2009 that the alternative of radiation processing for cat food is no longer acceptable and that irradiated dog food is required to be labeled " Must not be fed to cats ".

As with heat pasteurization ( for example, milk ), processing by ionizing radiation can contribute to eliminate pathogen risks from solid food ( example meat or lettuce ).

Under a HACCP-concept ( Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point ) radiation processing can serve and contribute as an ultimate critical control point before the food reaches the consumer.

" Ordinary " occupational safety regulations also apply to radiation processing facilities ; the radiation aspects are typically excluded and supervised by special authorities.

They assert that residual flora including pathogen germs always persist, and that processing by ionizing radiation could be the ultimate measure ( as a CCP under a HACCP-concept ) to practically eliminate such risks.

Pulse-Doppler signal processing increases the maximum detection distance using less radiation in close proximity to aircraft pilots, shipboard personnel, infantry, and artillery.

The dark material itself may have formed as a result of radiation processing of methane clathrates or radiation darkening of other organic compounds.

The genuine effect of processing food by ionizing radiation relates to damages to the DNA, the basic genetic information for life.

The specialty of processing food by ionizing radiation is the fact, that the energy density per atomic transition is very high, it can cleave molecules and induce ionization ( hence the name ) which cannot be achieved by mere heating.

There is a worldwide industry for processing by ionizing radiation, the majority by number and by processing power using accelerators.

The discovery of each successive element was made possible by the development of innovative techniques in robotic target handling, fast chemistry, efficient radiation detectors, and computer data processing.

The Bethlehem Steel workers have not been awarded this compensation because the radiation dose involved in processing fresh uranium fuel is low, and produces a small risk relative to the baseline risk.

The field includes the study of photosynthesis, photomorphogenesis, visual processing, circadian rhythms, bioluminescence, and ultraviolet radiation effects.

Kincumber Was once home to a Monazite processing plant that processed mineral sands that were mined in the local area, The plant was operated on the edge of kincumber industrial estate, and backed on to kincumber creek, the site " lot500 " now abandoned still retains higher than average levels of radiation and has been deemed unsafe to developed

Force Majeure had staged a radiation spill at the Northern Star uranium processing plant that forced hundreds of Northern Star employees to evacuate the plant.

With the development of nuclear technology, isotopic materials, and machine radiation sources in recent years, the possibilities of applying ionizing radiation to the preservation of foods attracted the attention of investigators in the United States and throughout the world.

The radiation doses required for the preservation of foods are in the following ranges: 1.

Preserving foods with ionizing radiation leads to some undesirable side effects, particularly at the higher radiation dosages.

To prevent the food from being spoiled before and during containment, a number of methods are used: pasteurisation, boiling ( and other applications of high temperature over a period of time ), refrigeration, freezing, drying, vacuum treatment, antimicrobial agents that are natural to the recipe of the foods being preserved, a sufficient dose of ionizing radiation, submersion in a strong saline solution, acid, base, osmotically extreme ( for example very sugary ) or other microbially-challenging environments.

Neurotoxicity can result from exposure to substances used in chemotherapy, radiation treatment, drug therapies, certain drug abuse, and organ transplants, as well as exposure to heavy metals, certain foods and food additives, pesticides, industrial and / or cleaning solvents, cosmetics, and some naturally occurring substances.

Vegans who do not eat foods or pills fortified with synthetic vitamin D and with little exposure to the sun's ultraviolet radiation ( e. g., those who don't expose their extremities for at least 15 – 30 minutes per day or those living at latitudes close to the poles ) are vulnerable to Vitamin D deficiencies.

WARF was founded in 1925 by Harry Steenbock, who invented the process for using ultraviolet radiation to add vitamin D to milk and other foods.

Other causes include a vitamin B deficiency, as well as taste bud death due to acidic / spicy foods, radiation, and / or tobacco use.

As part of its approval, the U. S. Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) requires since 1986 that irradiated foods include labeling with either the statement " treated with radiation " or " treated by irradiation ," along with the Radura.

* radiation treatment of foods for sterilization ( cold pasteurization );

A recent study on radiation exposure by the AEC's division of biology and medicine stated: `` The question of the biological effect of ( radiation ) doses is not considered '' herein.

Ionizing radiation can cause the destruction of microorganisms and insects involved in food spoilage or, at lower doses, can inhibit their action.

Moderate radiation doses of from 100,000 to 200,000 rads can extend the shelf life ( at 35 F ) of fresh beef from 5 days to 5 or 6 weeks.

The death of Marie Curie at age 66 from leukemia was probably caused by prolonged exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation, but it is not clear if this was due to alpha radiation or X-rays.

Granite could be considered a potential natural radiological hazard as, for instance, villages located over granite may be susceptible to higher doses of radiation than other communities.

In other words, as a steak burned to coal has lost its sensory and meat properties any over-irradiated food item will lose all of its desirable properties ; the radiation doses to cause toxic changes are much higher than the doses needed to accomplish the benefits of irradiation.

Most people close enough to receive lethal doses of direct radiation died in the firestorm before their radiation injuries would have become apparent.

Exposure to radiation causes damage to living tissue, resulting in skin burns, radiation sickness and death at high doses and cancer, tumors and genetic damage at low doses.

Manufacturing processes that treat products with ionizing radiation, such as food irradiation, use dosimeters to calibrate doses.

The following table compares cosmic radiation doses to other sources of background radiation:

In general, higher radiation doses result in higher-resolution images, while lower doses lead to increased image noise and unsharp images.

Powerful X-class flares create radiation storms that produce auroras and can give airline passengers flying over the poles small radiation doses.

This modification is motivated by a practical difficulty as robots have to work alongside human beings who are exposed to low doses of radiation.