A surprise attack from the Americans would destroy much of the Soviet ICBM fleet, allowing SDI to defeat a “ ragged ” Soviet retaliatory response.

By 1974, another challenge to the state's authority and legitimacy had come from 19 April Movement ( M-19 ), a mostly urban guerrilla group founded allegedly in response to an electoral fraud during the final National Front election of Misael Pastrana ( 1970 – 1974 ) and the defeat of former dictator Gustavo Rojas.

In response to the defeat of the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem at the Battle of Hattin, Gregory issued the papal bull Audita tremendi calling for the Third Crusade.

( Some modern textual scholars consider that the Song of Moses, believed to be originally distinct from the surrounding text of Deuteronomy and not written by Moses, may in reality have been written in response to the theological implications of this disastrous defeat, possibly by Samuel himself.

On 14 May 1955, the USSR established the Warsaw Pact in response to the integration of the Federal Republic of Germany into NATO in October 1954 – only nine years after the defeat of Nazi Germany ( 1933 – 45 ) that ended with the Soviet and Allied invasion of Germany in 1944 / 45 during World War II in Europe.

In response to this call, Mstislav the Bold and Mstislav Romanovich the Old joined forces and set out eastward to meet the foe, only to be routed in 1223 at the Battle of the Kalka River, a defeat remembered to this day in Russia and Ukraine.

In response to the first threat, Rome's best general, Lucius Licinius Lucullus ( consul in 74 BC ), was sent to defeat Mithridates, followed shortly by his brother Varro Lucullus ( consul in 73 BC ).

Both the battles of Huck ’ s Defeat and Kings Mountain, a direct response to the Waxhaw Massacre, were fought in the New Acquisition, and Lord Cornwallis was forced northward, and ultimately to surrender at Yorktown, after facing defeat in the Carolina Upcountry.

In response to the defeat at Manzikert and subsequent Byzantine losses in Anatolia in 1074, Pope Gregory VII had called for the milites Christi (" soldiers of Christ ") to go to Byzantium's aid.

An affirmative response brings Ness, conscious, back to the last telephone he saved from, with half the money on his person at the time of his defeat, and any other party members showing as still unconscious.

This was a defeat for the common law, and in response Coke spent the summer issuing writs of prohibition to again challenge Bancroft and the High Commission.

In 1988, in response to a proposal to field only female candidates in the following election, Carr and her husband Paul George returned briefly to active involvement to defeat the proposal.

In response, a Japanese website posted guidelines on how to write an English-language letter of protest to Google, and how to attack VANK's website ; they were quoted as stating, " We must fight against VANK ... We lost our sea, but this does not mean a defeat.

Outrage at McCarthy's handling of the Sufi cemetery issue as well as his ( with the collusion of the town board ) lack of response to public concerns and secrecy surrounding a proposed natural gas pipeline through the town led to greater political awareness and activism in the town resulting in the defeat of council-members Hamilton and Schaeffer in the off-year elections of November 2011.

Bruce's new tactic was a response to a crushing defeat for the Scots at Falkirk when the first recorded use of the schiltron by a Scottish army failed in the face of a combination of Welsh conscripted longbowmen, English archers and English cavalry.

This was in response to weaknesses exposed by China's defeat by Japan in the First Sino-Japanese War in 1894-5, not long after the First and Second Opium Wars ; this blow came as a major shock to the Chinese, because Japan had been regarded as a tributary state, was much smaller than China, and was regarded as inferior.

On the October 2, 2006 episode of Raw, interference from the newly reformed D-Generation X ( DX ) ( Triple H and Shawn Michaels ) cost Edge his " final chance " at John Cena's WWE Championship in a Steel cage match, though their interference was a response to the interference of Lance Cade and Trevor Murdoch, led to Edge approaching Randy Orton and asking him to join forces to defeat DX, which Orton accepted and joined an alliance with Edge.

The Benin Expedition of 1897 was a punitive expedition by a United Kingdom force of 1, 200 under Admiral Sir Harry Rawson in response to the defeat of a previous British-led invasion force under Acting Consul General James Philips ( which had left all but two men dead ).

It dramatises the Persian response to news of their military defeat at the Battle of Salamis ( 480 BC ), which was a decisive episode in the Greco – Persian Wars ; as such, the play is also notable for being the only extant Greek tragedy that is based on contemporary events.

The Persian invasion was a delayed response to the defeat of the first Persian invasion of Greece, which had been ended by the Athenian victory at the Battle of Marathon.

Its growth was greatly accelerated by international enthusiasm for the Cultural Revolution in China, but it began to decline in response to controversial Chinese foreign policy decisions in the last years of Mao's life, his death and the subsequent defeat of the Gang of Four.

The war was a response to the 9 / 11 terrorist attacks, and was intended to defeat the Taliban government and rout Al-Qaeda.

For example, a contemporary British drawing of the fighting in Sudan was entitled " The defeat of the Dervishes at Toski " ( see History of Sudan ( 1884 – 1898 )# British response ).

Selkirk men fought with William Wallace at Stirling Brig and Falkirk, and also with Robert the Bruce at Bannockburn, but it is Selkirk's connection with The Battle of Flodden in 1513, her response to the call of the King, the brave bearing of her representatives on the fatal field, and the tragic return of the sole survivor, provide the Royal Burgh with its proudest and most maudlin memories, it being the celebration of a five hundred year old defeat.

in response, the city granted honors to Tiberius.

In an elastic catenary, the chain is replaced by a spring which can stretch in response to tension.

Apart from the usual advantages of modular software with well-defined interfaces, the three-tier architecture is intended to allow any of the three tiers to be upgraded or replaced independently in response to changes in requirements or technology.

On 15 May 2009, in response to their parties opposition to a proposed referendum to allow the President to seek a third term, the three members of RDP-Jama ' a and ANDP-Zaman Lahiya were replaced with ministers drawn from the MNSD-Nassara.

In response to the cooler, seasonal climate, tropical plant species gave way to deciduous ones and grasslands replaced many forests.

In an equivalent baseband model of a communication system, the modulated signal is replaced by a complex valued equivalent baseband signal with carrier frequency of 0 hertz, and the RF channel is replaced by an equivalent baseband channel model where the frequency response is transferred to baseband frequencies.

Nevertheless, Bourbon's action brought a very negative response from Spain, and for his incompetence Bourbon was soon replaced by Cardinal Andre Hercule de Fleury, the young king's tutor, in 1726.

At this time, his proof that white light was a combination of primary colours ( found via prismatics ) replaced the prevailing theory of colours and received an overwhelmingly favourable response, and occasioned bitter disputes with Robert Hooke and others, which forced him to sharpen his ideas to the point where he already composed sections of his later book Opticks by the 1670s in response.

In response to largely peaceful mass demonstrations and crippling general strikes, Ratsiraka replaced his prime minister in August 1991 but suffered an irreparable setback soon thereafter when his troops fired on peaceful demonstrators marching on Iavoloha, the suburban presidential palace, killing more than 30.

Once the desired response has been achieved, it should be discontinued and replaced with emollients as maintenance therapy.

This fire tower replaced a series of observation buildings, the original being a flimsy lookout stand built in 1870 on the same site, built in response to a series of devastating fires: April 1869, November 1869, October 1871, August 1872 and January 1874 that swept through the early mining camp.

After several months with no response from Bonanno, they removed him from power and replaced him with one of his capos, Gaspar DiGregorio.

In response to increased demand for jeans in the 1950s, American denim manufacturers replaced the old shuttle style looms with modern projectile looms.

In response, Duvalier replaced the chief-of-staff with a more reliable officer and then proceeded to create his own power base within the army by turning the army's Presidential Guard into an elite corps aimed at maintaining Duvalier's power.

* Separately from any authorization, FEMA may also mission assign USACE for flood emergency response under the National Response Framework, which replaced the National Response Plan in 2008.

During the Easter season, the " Asperges me ..." verse is replaced by the " Vidi aquam ..." verse, and " Alleluia " is added to the " Ostende nobis ..." verse and to its response.

R-7 density, 6-story height limit on new buildings, suggested average apartment size of two bedrooms ( this was a response to the fact that between 1960 and 1970 developers had torn down 2, 300 family-sized units and replaced them with 1, 500 smaller units ).

In 1984, in response to public complaints regarding the severity of horror elements in PG-rated titles such as Gremlins and Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom, the PG-13 rating was created as a middle tier between PG and R. In 1990, the X rating was replaced by NC-17, partly because the X rating was not trademarked by the MPAA, whereas pornographic bookstores and theaters were using their own X and XXX symbols to market products.

In the response of Karl Marx to Hegel, those poles of idealism ( spiritual ignorance and self-understanding ) are replaced with categories of materialism, wherein, for Man, spiritual ignorance becomes “ alienation ” and self-understanding becomes the “ realisation of his species-being ”; thus, the transcendent end of history results in the human triumph over alienation, and the establishment of an objectively better society.

Ite missa est is replaced with Requiescant in pace ( May they rest in peace ); the " Deo gratias " response is replaced with " Amen ".

A joint response code of " NZ European or Pakeha " was tried in the 1996 census, but was replaced by " New Zealand European " in later censuses because it drew what Statistics New Zealand described as a " significant adverse reaction from some respondents ".

At the 1934 London Motor Show the Minor was replaced by the Morris Eight, a direct response to the Ford Model Y and, though Leonard Lord's handiwork, heavily based on it.

In 1972, Juche replaced Marxism-Leninism in the revised North Korean constitution as the official state ideology, this being a response to the Sino-Soviet split.