Of special interest this anniversary year of the war between the states are the many Civil War battlefields where, likely as not, you'll catch some memorial re-enactments.

There is a well-known relationship between probability and entropy which states that Af, where **zq is the probability that state ( i.e., volume for an ideal gas ) could be reached by chance alone.

The nineteenth-century immigration, whether Protestant or Roman Catholic, was not so much concerned, for very few if any among them held slaves: they were mostly in the Northern states where slavery had disappeared or was on the way out, or were too poverty-stricken to own slaves.

The first meeting was held in Faneuil Hall, a great big place where we were able to meet members from all the other states.

" Lincoln, however, did support the Corwin Amendment to the Constitution, which had passed in Congress and protected slavery in those states where it already existed.

where the first sum is over positive energy states and the second over those of negative energy.

Strabo ( 7. 2. 1, 4 and 7. 3. 1 ) states that the Cimbri still live on the peninsula ( Jutland ) where they always did, even though some of them liked to wander.

Sources disagree, as may differing states ' laws, as to what category of plea the Alford plea falls under: Some sources state that the Alford guilty plea is a form of nolo contendere, where the defendant in the case states " no contest " to the factual matter of the case as given in the charges outlined by the prosecution.

Armida was translated into German and widely performed, especially in the northern German states, where it helped to establish Salieri's reputation as an important and innovative modern composer It would also be the first opera to receive a serious preparation in a piano and vocal reduction by Carl Friedrich Cramer in 1783.

Writing about AD 94, Clement of Rome states that the apostles appointed successors to continue their work where they had planted churches and for these in their turn to do the same because they foresaw the risk of discord.

In 1978, the term Barassi Line was used to describe the dichotomy that existed in Australia's football culture, where Australian Football was most popular in all states bar New South Wales and Queensland.

This is corroborated by Benedict of Peterborough's graphic account of Greece, as it was in 1191, where he states that many of the islands were uninhabited from fear of pirates and that Aegina, along with Salamis and Makronesos, were their strongholds.

Paul, in an attempt to heal divisions in the Corinthian church, summarized Apollos ' role in his ministry in 1 Corinthians 3: 6, where he states " I planted, Apollos watered (.

The fundamental theorem of arithmetic states that any positive integer n can be represented uniquely as a product of powers of primes: where p < sub > 1 </ sub > < p < sub > 2 </ sub > < ... < p < sub > k </ sub > are primes and the a < sub > j </ sub > are positive integers.

U. S. states where he has been honored include Missouri, Arkansas, Kentucky, and New York.

Soviet-style centralised planning in five-year blocks had more immediate benefits there than in the other European states where it was first applied in the early 1950s.

where is the Boltzmann constant, T is temperature ( assumed to be a well-defined quantity ), is the degeneracy ( meaning, the number of levels having energy ; sometimes, the more general ' states ' are used instead of levels, to avoid using degeneracy in the equation ), N is the total number of particles and Z ( T ) is the partition function.

Furthermore, it describes how the density of states is changed on entering the superconducting state, where there are no electronic states any more at the Fermi energy.

Optical bistability is an attribute of certain optical devices where two resonant transmissions states are possible and stable, dependent on the input.

Somewhat surprisingly, contracts throughout the world ( for example, contracts involving parties in Japan, France and Germany, and from most of the other states of the United States ) often choose the law of New York, even where the relationship of the parties and transaction to New York is quite attenuated.

" In effect, the provision operated as a reception statute, giving legal authority to the established common law in the vast territories where no states had yet been established.

All states were militaristic ( or they did not survive long ), but none was able to expand far into southern Chad, where forests and the tsetse fly complicated the use of cavalry.

In atomic physics, the atomic spectral lines correspond to transitions ( quantum leaps ) between quantum states of an atom.

These states are labeled by a set of quantum numbers summarized in the term symbol and usually associated with particular electron configurations, i. e., by occupation schemes of atomic orbitals ( e. g., 1s < sup > 2 </ sup > 2s < sup > 2 </ sup > 2p < sup > 6 </ sup > for the ground state of neon -- term symbol: < sup > 1 </ sup > S < sub > 0 </ sub >).

The stationary states ( quantum states ) of the hydrogen-like atoms are its atomic orbitals.

Solutions of the Dirac equation contained negative energy quantum states.

If a particle and antiparticle are in the appropriate quantum states, then they can annihilate each other and produce other particles.

The electrons, being Fermions, have to be in different quantum states, which leads the electrons to get very high typical velocities, even at absolute zero.

* Quantum annealing, a method for finding solutions to combinatorial optimisation problems and ground states of glassy systems using quantum fluctuations

This leads to a collapse of quantum state to one of the basis states.

Bosonic particles, which include the photon as well as atoms such as helium-4, are allowed to share quantum states with each other.

In quantum mechanics, Bra-ket notation is a standard notation for describing quantum states, composed of angle brackets and vertical bars.

* Wave functions and other quantum states can be represented as vectors in a complex Hilbert space.

( Technically, the quantum states are rays of vectors in the Hilbert space, as corresponds to the same state for any nonzero complex number c .)

For example, an electron in the state is in a quantum superposition of the states and.

* Measurements are associated with linear operators ( called observables ) on the Hilbert space of quantum states.

Since these are a basis, any quantum state of the particle can be expressed as a linear combination ( i. e., quantum superposition ) of these two states:

Goldstone's theorem in quantum field theory states that in a system with broken continuous symmetry, there may exist excitations with arbitrarily low energy, called the Goldstone bosons.

In particular, quantum phase transitions refer to transitions where the temperature is set to zero, and the phases of the system refer to distinct ground states of the Hamiltonian.

The energy bands each correspond to a large number of discrete quantum states of the electrons, and most of the states with low energy ( closer to the nucleus ) are occupied, up to a particular band called the valence band.

The difference is that the Cartesian product can be interpreted simply as a pair of items ( or a list ), whereas the tensor product, used to define a monoidal category, is suitable for describing entangled quantum states.