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In telecommunication and astronomy, forward scatter is the deflection — by diffraction, nonhomogeneous refraction, or nonspecular reflection by particulate matter of dimensions that are large with respect to the wavelength in question but small with respect to the beam diameter — of a portion of an incident electromagnetic wave, in such a manner that the energy so deflected propagates in a direction that is within 90 ° of the direction of propagation of the incident wave ( i. e., the phase angle is greater than 90 °).
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telecommunication and forward
In telecommunication, information theory, and coding theory, forward error correction ( FEC ) or channel coding is a technique used for controlling errors in data transmission over unreliable or noisy communication channels.
telecommunication and is
Asynchronous Transfer Mode ( ATM ) is, according to the ATM Forum, " a telecommunications concept defined by ANSI and ITU ( formerly CCITT ) standards for carriage of a complete range of user traffic, including voice, data, and video signals ," and is designed to unify telecommunication and computer networks.
Originally the teachers communicated with the children via radio, but now satellite telecommunication is used instead.
Bluetooth is managed by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group, which has more than 16, 000 member companies in the areas of telecommunication, computing, networking, and consumer electronics.
In computing and telecommunication, a control character or non-printing character is a code point ( a number ) in a character set, that does not in itself represent a written symbol.
Dual-tone multi-frequency signaling ( DTMF ) is used for telecommunication signaling over analog telephone lines in the voice-frequency band between telephone handsets and other communications devices and the switching center.
An electrical telegraph is a telegraph that uses electrical signals, usually conveyed via telecommunication lines or radio.
At its headquarters in Reading, England, one of the largest supercomputer complexes in Europe is linked by high-speed telecommunication lines to the computer systems of the national weather services of its supporting states.
The ITU-T mission is to ensure the efficient and timely production of standards covering all fields of telecommunications on a worldwide basis, as well as defining tariff and accounting principles for international telecommunication services.
Because of the widespread availability of ADSL services, ISDN is today primarily used for voice and fax traffic, but is still very popular thanks to the pricing policy of German telecommunication providers.
Located northwest of central Stockholm, it is divided by the Stockholm Metro blue line into a western part which is primarily a working class and middle class residential area, and an eastern part occupied by commercial ventures, mostly in the telecommunication and information technology industry.
The decimal SI definition, 1 kbit / s = 1000 bit / s, is used uniformly in the context of telecommunication transmission speeds.
The nibble is often called a " semioctet " or a " quartet " in a networking or telecommunication context.
On 28 December 2003 the duties of Oftel were inherited by Ofcom, which is the result of a consolidation of the British telecommunication and broadcasting regulators.
The centerpiece of the deregulation was the establishment of two categories of basic services licenses: Local loop ( LL ), for fixed line telecommunication within the 14 PTCL regions, and Long-distance and International ( LDI ), for connectivity between regions .” Two sets of criteria set by the regulatory authorities must be met before an operator is allowed to start operation: one for the issuance of a license and another for the maintenance of service quality.
QAM is used extensively as a modulation scheme for digital telecommunication systems.
Government investment in the Rwandan telecommunication sector is growing and has been successful so far.
This abundance of telecommunication technology is a result of promoting a competitive industry that was made possible by deregulation.
“ It was and is the largest provider of both cable TV and mobile telecommunication ”.
The country ’ s economy is reasonably diversified with key economic sectors including mining, agriculture and fishery, vehicle manufacturing and assembly, food-processing, clothing and textiles, telecommunication, energy, financial and business services, real estate, tourism, transportation, and wholesale and retail trade.
As an outcome of this programme, the structure of the telecommunication sector in the country at present is as follows:
* Speech coding, a specialized form of data compression, is important in the telecommunication area.
Television ( TV ) is a telecommunication medium for transmitting and receiving moving images that can be monochrome ( black-and-white ) or colored, with or without accompanying sound.
telecommunication and —
A character encoding system consists of a code that pairs each character from a given repertoire with something else — such as a bit pattern, sequence of natural numbers, octets, or electrical pulses — in order to facilitate the transmission of data ( generally numbers or text ) through telecommunication networks or for data storage.
In data transmission and telecommunication, bit stuffing ( also known — uncommonly — as positive justification ) is the insertion of non information bits into data.
In telecommunication, a tactical data information link — A ( TADIL — A ) is a netted link in which one unit acts as a net control station and interrogates each unit by roll call.
* ISO 9362: 1994 Banking — Banking telecommunication messages — Bank identifier codes
* Telephone Museum of Gridley — A museum in central Gridley dedicated to the early history of telecommunication in rural Illinois.
It has been designed to meet the technical requirements of most applications ( in the field of broadcasting, telecommunication and recording on digital storage media ) — low delay, low complexity, error robustness, short access units, etc.
These improvements embrace the road, rail and telecommunication infrastructures for — according to the National Development Plan — a better integration with the neighbouring Dublin, Midlands Gateway, and Cavan / Monaghan Hubs.
telecommunication and by
Such services are offered in the United Kingdom ; the telecommunication arbitrage companies get paid an interconnect charge by the UK mobile networks and then buy international routes at a lower cost.
In particular, an attempt by the Legislative Assembly to approve a law that opened up the electricity and telecommunication markets ( controlled by a monopoly of the Costa Rican Institute of Electricity-ICE ) to market competition, known as the " Combo " law, was met with strong social opposition.
with this acquisition all class I tier ISPs mentioned above are owned by the major telecommunication companies operating in the country.
The fighting was sparked by a government move to shut down Hezbollah's telecommunication network and remove Beirut Airport's security chief over alleged ties to Hezbollah.
* The Next Generation Networks ( NGN ) concept takes into consideration new realities in the telecommunication industry characterized by factors such as ; the need to converge and optimize the operating networks and the extraordinary expansion of digital traffic ( i. e., increasing demand for new multimedia services, mobility, etc.
The IEC charter embraces all electrotechnologies including energy production and distribution, electronics, magnetics and electromagnetics, electroacoustics, multimedia and telecommunication, as well as associated general disciplines such as terminology and symbols, electromagnetic compatibility ( by its Advisory Committee on Electromagnetic Compatibility, ACEC ), measurement and performance, dependability, design and development, safety and the environment.
The decree was presented by telecommunication minister Nicolas Sahnaoui.
The Internet and telecommunications are mainly run by the government through a semi-private telecommunication company Libya Telecom & Technology.
For emergency signals, Morse code can be sent by way of improvised sources that can be easily " keyed " on and off, making it one of the simplest and most versatile methods of telecommunication.
China ’ s 2. 7 million kilometers of optical fiber telecommunication cables by 2003 assisted greatly in the modernization process.
The Three-Year Economic Salvation Programme ( 1990 – 1993 ), adopted by the Government of Sudan, emphasized the role of telecommunications in the socio-economic development process and called for the removal of the monopolistic environment in the sector and for the involvement of the private sector-whether local or foreign-in the telecommunication sector as well as in other sectors of the economy in an endeavour to overcome the persistent shortfalls in investment and performance.
Sonera on the other hand used to have monopoly only on trunk network calls, while most ( c. 75 %) of local telecommunication was provided by telephone cooperatives.
In terms of communication, Zanzibar is well served by the newly restructured public telecommunication company ( TTCL ) and four privately owned mobile systems.
In telecommunication, an articulation score ( AS ) is a subjective measure of the intelligibility of a voice system in terms of the percentage of words correctly understood over a channel perturbed by interference.
* Analysis of invoices, lines, rates, tariffs, taxes, plans, usage, call volume, systems, and contracts resulting in cost reduction, proper invoicing and optimization of telecommunication systems often conducted by an independent telecommunications consultant or firm.
In telecommunication, automated information systems security is measures and controls that ensure confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the information processed and stored by automated information systems.
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