A different class of algorithm tries to figure out a 2D path that separates the foreground from the background.

The most basic rasterization algorithm takes a 3D scene, described as polygons, and renders it onto a 2D surface, usually a computer monitor.

Cannon's algorithm, also known as the 2D algorithm, partitions each input matrix into a block matrix whose elements are submatrices of size by, where M is the size of fast memory.

The algorithm can also be extended for use on 2D Universal Product Codes.

The resulting diffusion algorithm can be written as an image convolution with a varying kernel ( stencil ) of size 3 × 3 in 2D and 3 × 3 × 3 in 3D.

On recent camera phones it is even feasible to provide an augmented reality overlay for 2D objects and to recognize multiple objects on the phone using a stripped down object recognition algorithm as well as using GPS and compass.

Although computers have been known from the beginning to be capable of generating 2D images involving simple lines, images and polygons in real-time ( e. g. Bresenham's line drawing algorithm ), the creation of 3D computer graphics and the speed necessary for generating fast, good quality 3D images onto a display screen has always been a daunting task for traditional Von Neumann architecture-based systems.

The algorithm divides a 2D space into 9 regions, of which only the middle part ( viewport ) is visible.

This algorithm divides a 2D space into 9 parts, of which only the middle part ( viewport ) is visible.

In a 2D image element, which stores a color for each pixel, additional data is stored in the alpha channel with a value between 0 and 1.

In this Graphics Interchange Format |. gif of a 2D Adobe Flash | Flash animation, each ' stick ' of the stick figure | figure is Keyframe # Animation by means of computer graphics | keyframed over time to create motion.

There are two approaches to reconstructing data from such a scanner: 1 ) treat each ring as a separate entity, so that only coincidences within a ring are detected, the image from each ring can then be reconstructed individually ( 2D reconstruction ), or 2 ) allow coincidences to be detected between rings as well as within rings, then reconstruct the entire volume together ( 3D ).

* two 2D patterns have translational symmetry, each in one direction ; the two translation vectors have the same length but a different direction.

If each scanline has its own layer, the Pole Position effect is produced, which creates a pseudo-3D road ( or a pseudo-3D ball court as in NBA Jam ) on a 2D system.

In contrast, a PFCA does not have a lens or mirror, but each pixel has an idiosyncratic pair of diffraction gratings above it, allowing each pixel to likewise relate an independent piece of information ( specifically, one component of the 2D Fourier transform ) about the far-away scene.

The relative amount of each isoform can also easily and rapidly be determined from staining intensity on 2D gels.

The X-rays that pass through are then captured behind the object by a detector ( film sensitive to X-rays or a digital detector ) which gives a 2D representation of all the structures superimposed on each other.

In a distributed setting with p processors arranged in a by 2D mesh, one submatrix of the result can be assigned to each processor, and the product can be computed with each processor transmitting words, which is asymptotically optimal assuming that each node stores the minimum elements.

In computer animation ( 2D or 3D ) it is computer simulation in time and / or on each frame that the 3D rendering / animation is being made with real video camera during its fast motion or fast motion of " cinematized " objects or to make it look more natural or smoother.

This mathematical operation converts each frame / field of the video source from the spatial ( 2D ) domain into the frequency domain ( aka transform domain.

Poisson's equation is also used to reconstruct a smooth 2D surface ( in the sense of curve fitting ) based on a large number of points p < sub > i </ sub > ( a point cloud ) where each point also carries an estimate of the local surface normal n < sub > i </ sub >.

If eyestrain and distortion are to be avoided, each of the two 2D images preferably should be presented to each eye of the viewer so that any object at infinite distance seen by the viewer should be perceived by that eye while it is oriented straight ahead, the viewer's eyes being neither crossed nor diverging.

* Slice based – The volume is sliced in one or more axes and the user can edit each image individually using 2D raster editor tools.

In this way, an image could contain 100 × 100 × 100 × 100 doxels, which could be seen as a series of 100 frames of a 100 × 100 × 100 volume image ( the equivalent for a 3D image would be showing a 2D cross section of the image in each frame ).

Echocardiography uses 2D, 3D, and Doppler imaging to create pictures of the heart and visualize the blood flowing through each of the four heart valves.

Like those games, in Netrek each player takes command of a starship, which they pilot about a 2D map of the game galaxy, as seen from above.

Mathematically, the gradient of a two-variable function ( here the image intensity function ) is at each image point, a 2D vector with the components given by the derivatives in the horizontal and vertical directions.

* Raster image processor for 2D rasterisation in printing systems

The ZMS processors are based on a low-power multicore architecture including dual ARM cores for handling traditional CPU tasks plus a closely coupled, fully programmable SIMD array processor to do the heavy lifting for intensive media processing tasks such as ; 2D graphics, 3D graphics, video decode / encode, image processing and floating point ( 32-bit IEEE ).

Mac OS X 10. 4 also introduced Quartz 2D Extreme: optional graphics processor ( GPU ) acceleration for Quartz 2D, although it is not an officially supported feature.

The arcade system was released in September 1997, featuring a custom 64-bit RISC processor, 4 megabytes of program memory, 64 megabytes of 3D and texture memory, and 128 megabytes of memory for 2D characters and backgrounds.

The company ’ s product portfolio includes In-Sight, a vision system that combines a camera, software and processor into one compact unit ; VisionPro vision software ; Checker, a single-purpose vision sensor used to provide high performance at certain common vision tasks, such as checking for the presence or absence of parts and features ; DataMan, a family of fixed mount and handheld ID readers used to identify and track items by reading 1D and 2D Data Matrix codes ; and SmartView, a vision system used to detect defects in materials such as metal, paper, and nonwovens that are manufactured at high speeds on a web.

It is often useful to render image elements in separate passes, and then combine the resulting multiple 2D images into a single, final image in a process called compositing.

Most models for reconstruction assume that the tip is a spherical object, and utilise empirical corrections to stereographic projection to convert detector positions back to a 2D surface embedded in R < sup > 3 </ sup >.

By sweeping this surface through R < sup > 3 </ sup > as a function of the ion sequence input data, such as via ion-ordering, a volume is generated onto which positions the 2D detector positions can be computed and placed three-dimensional space.

3D beading is less common than 2D beading, largely because free 3D beading patterns are not well distributed on the internet.

It is a challenge for beading pattern designers to create 2D beading patterns that portray 3D beaded objects.

Computer animation is essentially a digital successor to the stop motion techniques used in traditional animation with 3D models and frame-by-frame animation of 2D illustrations.

For 2D vector animations, the rendering process is the key frame illustration process, while tweened frames are rendered as needed.

In 2D computer animation, moving objects are often referred to as “ sprites .” A sprite is an image that has a location associated with it.

Given r, the rate of rotation is easy to infer from the constant angular momentum L, so a 2D solution can be easily reconstructed from a 1D solution of this equation.

An example of the 2D discrete wavelet transform that is used in JPEG2000.

In graphic arts ( 2D image making that ranges from photography to illustration ) the distinction is often made between fine art and commercial art, based on the context within which the work is produced and how it is traded.

In practice, this allows for true 3-dimensional level design that was previously impossible, although the engine is still 2D.

The lower half is its 2D Fourier transform approximately reconstructing the shape of the aperture.

Layer-based compositing is very well suited for rapid 2D and limited 3D effects such as in motion graphics, but becomes awkward for more complex composites entailing a large number of layers.

Sweephull is a fast hybrid technique for 2D Delaunay triangulation that uses a radially propagating sweep-hull ( sequentially created from

Jack Bresenham at IBM is most famous for the invention of 2D drawing primitives, including line and circle drawing, using only fast integer operations such as addition and branch on carry bit.

The gameplay as Nights is not completely 3D: players can only fly in the 2D plane of the screen, with their actual motion through the level determined by the automatic camera angle at that point in the Mare.

OpenGL ( Open Graphics Library ) is a cross-language, multi-platform API for rendering 2D and 3D computer graphics.

A 3 dimensional POV display is often constructed using a 2D grid of LEDs which is swept or rotated through a volume.

* A voxel is a volume element, the 3D analogue of a 2D pixel.