The type is represented by neo-Attic Imperial Roman copies of the late 1st or early 2nd century, modelled upon a supposed Greek bronze original made in the second quarter of the 5th century BCE, in a style similar to works of Polykleitos but more archaic.

The earliest archaeological evidence for the use of the Greek abacus dates to the 5th century BC.

Around the 5th century, Indian clerks were already finding new ways of recording the contents of the Abacus.

Japanese is first attested in a few short inscriptions from the 5th century AD, such as the Inariyama Sword.

In this way, the South Arabian alphabet evolved into the Ge ' ez alphabet between the 5th century BC and the 5th century AD.

In the West, the references to atoms emerged in the 5th century BCE with Leucippus, whose student, Democritus, systematized his views.

Among the scripts in modern use, the Hebrew alphabet bears the closest relation to the Imperial Aramaic script of the 5th century BCE, with an identical letter inventory and, for the most part, nearly identical letter shapes.

Redrawn from A Grammar of Biblical Aramaic, Franz Rosenthal ; forms are as used in Egypt, 5th century BCE.

This innovation was not introduced without a struggle, ecclesiastical dignity being regarded as inconsistent with the higher spiritual life, but, before the close of the 5th century, at least in the East, abbots seem almost universally to have become deacons, if not priests.

Mahayana Buddhism was far more successful in China than its rival Hinayana, and both Indian schools and local Chinese sects arose from the 5th century.

** Laozi ( 5th – 4th century BC )

: Leucippus ( first half of 5th century BC )

: Hippias ( middle of the 5th century BC )

By the late 5th century BC, philosophers might separate Aphrodite into two separate goddesses, not individuated in cult: Aphrodite Ourania, born from the sea foam after Cronus castrated Uranus, and Aphrodite Pandemos, the common Aphrodite " of all the folk ," born from Zeus and Dione.

In contrast, in the Arian German kingdoms established on the wreckage of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century, there were entirely separate Arian and Nicene Churches with parallel hierarchies, each serving different sets of believers.

The High German consonant shift is thought to have originated around the 5th century either in Alemannia or among the Lombards ; before that the dialect spoken by Alemannic tribes was little different from that of other West Germanic peoples.

Some scholars have speculated that members of the Alemannic elite such as king Gibuld due to Visigothic influence may have been converted to Arianism even in the later 5th century.

The Italian scholar Maggiani recently showed that on an Etruscan tomb dedicated to Racvi Satlnei in Bologna ( 5th century BC ) there is a writing that says: " aivastelmunsl

Herm of Hermes, Roman copy of a late 5th century BC original, the forefront inscription states the herm was made by Alcamenes and placed infront of the gates of Pergamon, Istanbul Archaeology Museums | Istanbul Museums.

Alcamenes () was an ancient Greek sculptor of Lemnos and Athens, who flourished in the 2nd half of the 5th century BC.

5th century BC sarcophagus found in Amathus integrates Greek, Cypriot, and Oriental features

By the 5th century, Sozomen stated that most churches, such as at Constantinople, met both on Sabbath and first day ( Saturday evening ), but that Rome and Alexandria met only on the first day ( Saturday evening ) and no longer on Sabbath.

One school of thought, citing entries in the Historia Brittonum ( History of the Britons ) and Annales Cambriae ( Welsh Annals ), sees Arthur as a genuine historical figure, a Romano-British leader who fought against the invading Anglo-Saxons sometime in the late 5th to early 6th century.

His History of the Peloponnesian War recounts the 5th century BC war between Sparta and Athens to the year 411 BC.

A Short History of South East Asia, 5th Edition ISBN 0-470-82481-6

The 5th century BC Athenian historian Thucydides describes them as " barbarians " in his History of the Peloponnesian War, as does Strabo in his Geography.

Many cite Sun Tzu's The Art of War ( 6th century BC ), Thucydides ' History of the Peloponnesian War ( 5th century BC ), Chanakya's Arthashastra ( 4th century BC ), as the inspiration for realist theory, with Hobbes ' Leviathan and Machiavelli's The Prince providing further elaboration.

In the subject tables of this poll, SOAS was placed 3rd for Anthropology, 4th for Economics, 3rd for History and History of Art, 6th for Law, 5th for Music, 3rd for Politics, and 3rd for Theology and Religious Studies.

A few large numbers used in India by about 5th century BCE ( See Georges Ifrah: A Universal History of Numbers, pp 422 – 423 ):

An English translation of the 5th edition by George Charles Winter Warr was published in 1891 – 1892, as Teuffel's History of Roman Literature.

Psychological testing: History, principles, and applications ( 5th ed .).

trans., Edinburgh, 1883, 1891 ; 5th German edition, 1899 ; first published in 1878 as Geschichte Israels ; English translation Prolegomena to the History of Ancient Israel, Forgotten Books, 2008, ISBN 978-1-60620-205-0.

: Kindleberger, Charles P., Manias, Panics and Crashes: A History of Financial Crises, 5th ed.

( 1978 ) Maps and their Makers: An Introduction to the History of Cartography ( 5th ed ).

According to the Cambridge History of Classical Literature, he was probably active in the first half of the 4th century, although some scholars of the 19th and early 20th centuries thought he might have lived later in the 4th or even in the 5th century.

Hettner's chief work is his Literaturgeschichte des achtzehnten Jahrhunderts (" Literary History of the 18th century "), which appeared in three parts, devoted respectively to English, French and German literature, between 1856 and 1870 ( 5th ed.

However, it has been argued that the story is a much later invention of mediæval Irish historians, inspired by their knowledge of the Seven Books of History Against the Pagans, written by the early 5th century Gallaecian cleric, Paulus Orosius.

Westward Expansion: A History of the American Frontier ( 5th ed.

Wallonien: The History of the 5th SS-Sturmbrigade and 28th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division.

At this time, the Lea was a wide, fast flowing river, and the tidal estuary stretched as far as Hackney Wick .< ref >< cite >' Bethnal Green: Communications ', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 11: Stepney, Bethnal Green ( 1998 ), pp. 88-90 accessed: 15 November 2006 </ cite ></ ref > Evidence of a late Roman settlement at Old Ford, dating from the 4th and 5th centuries, has been found.

( 1999 ) 1st Battalion, 5th Field Artillery Unit History.

Olorus was also the name of the father of the 5th century BC Athenian historian Thucydides, the author of the History of the Peloponnesian War.

The history of the Old World ( Europe in particular, but also the Near East and North Africa ) is commonly divided into Antiquity, up to 476 CE ; the Middle Ages, from the 5th through the 15th centuries, including the Islamic Golden Age ( c. 750 CE – c. 1258 CE ) and the early European Renaissance ; the Early Modern period, from the 15th century to the late 18th, including the Age of Enlightenment ; and the Late Modern period, from the Industrial Revolution to the present, including Contemporary History.

History states that George Seton, 5th Earl of Winton, had no children, however he did have a son named Charles Seton born in Northumberland, England.

) subsequently entitled Geschichte der deutschen Dichtung ( History of German poetry ; 5th edition, by Karl Bartsch, 1871 – 1874 ) brought him the appointment to a regular professorship of history and literature at Göttingen.