The red atoms highlight the aldehyde group, and the blue atoms highlight the chirality ( chemistry ) | asymmetric center furthest from the aldehyde ; because this-OH is on the right of the Fischer projection, this is a D sugar.

The assignment of D or L is made according to the orientation of the asymmetric carbon furthest from the carbonyl group: in a standard Fischer projection if the hydroxyl group is on the right the molecule is a D sugar, otherwise it is an L sugar.

The Fischer projection is a systematic way of drawing the skeletal formula of an acyclic monosaccharide so that the handedness of each chiral carbon is well specified.

In the Fischer projection, two mirror-image isomers differ by having the positions of all chiral hydroxyls reversed right-to-left.

In the Fischer projection, one of the two glucose isomers has the hydroxyl at left on C3, and at right on C4 and C5 ; while the other isomer has the reversed pattern.

A Fischer projection is a simplified way to depict the stereochemistry around a stereocenter.

The Fischer projection is mostly used for linear monosaccharides.

Nonetheless, the Fischer projection is a simple way of depicting multiple sequential stereocenters that does not require or imply any knowledge of actual conformation:

Image: DGlucose Fischer. svgFischer projection of-Glucose

Fischer projection of-glyceraldehyde

This means an aldose can exist in either a form or form of a Fischer projection.

* Fischer projection

* Hermann Emil Fischer ( 1852 – 1919 ), German chemist, 1902 Nobel prizewiner, and inventor of the Fischer projection

Visualizing a Fischer projection.

The Fischer projection, devised by Hermann Emil Fischer in 1891, is a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional organic molecule by projection.

Fischer projection of D-Glyceraldehyde

A Fischer projection is used to differentiate between L-and D-molecules.

On a Fischer projection, the penultimate carbon of D sugars are depicted with hydrogen on the left and hydroxide on the right.

In a Fischer projection, all horizontal bonds project toward the viewer, while vertical bonds project away from the viewer.

Therefore, a Fischer projection cannot be rotated by 90 ° or 270 ° in the plane of the page or the screen, as the orientation of bonds relative to one another can change, converting a molecule to its enantiomer.

Again, this can be understood by taking the Fischer projection of either acid and looking at it upside down — the configuration is now switched at every carbon.

Before age 13 she had broken into the top 100 players in the world and the British Chess Magazine declared, " Judit Polgár's recent results make the performances of Fischer and Kasparov at a similar age pale by comparison.

Then Fischer and Rabin ( 1974 ) proved that any decision algorithm for Presburger arithmetic has a worst-case runtime of at least, for some constant c > 0.

Twilley fooled Pat Fischer by faking a route to the inside, then broke to the outside and caught the ball at the five-yard line, dragging Fischer into the end zone.

Although no copyright applies to the song in Australia and many other countries, the Australian Olympic organisers had to pay royalties to Carl Fischer Music following the song being played at the 1996 Summer Olympics held in Atlanta.

* Johann Caspar Ferdinand Fischer ( died 1746 ) was Kapellmeister to Ludwig Wilhelm of Baden from at least 1695.

Das Rheingold received its premiere at the National Theatre in Munich on 22 September 1869, with August Kindermann in the role of Wotan, Heinrich Vogl as Loge, and Karl Fischer as Alberich.

Other students of Cardine, who, like Fischer and Billecocg, held a professorate at the Pontifical Institute in Rome, include Marie-Noel Colette, Luigi Augustoni and Godehard Joppich.

Nobel Prize Laureates who taught at the University of Vienna include Robert Bárány, Julius Wagner-Jauregg, Hans Fischer, Karl Landsteiner, Erwin Schrödinger, Victor Franz Hess, Otto Loewi, Konrad Lorenz and Friedrich Hayek.

Many different disagreements led to the fracture, for example ; while at the Fourth SI Conference in London in December, 1960, in a discussion about the political nature of the SI, the Gruppe SPUR members disagreed with the core situationist stance of counting on a revolutionary proletariat ; the accusation that their activities were based on a " systematic misunderstanding of situationist theses "; the understanding that at least one Gruppe SPUR member, sculptor Lothar Fischer, and possibly the rest of the group, were not actually understanding and / or agreeing with the situationist ideas, but were just using the SI to achieve success in the art market.

Fischer initially created them in a letter to Leiber in September 1934, naming at the same time their home city of Lankhmar.

Spassky travelled to Argentina, where he shared first place with Bobby Fischer, two points ahead of Bronstein, at Mar del Plata 1960 on 13½ / 15, defeating Fischer in their first career meeting.

Spassky then finished ahead of Petrosian and a super-class field at Santa Monica 1966 ( the Piatigorsky Cup ), with 11½ / 18, half a point ahead of Bobby Fischer, as he overcame the American grandmaster's challenge after Fischer had scored 3½ / 9 in the first cycle of the event.

Secretary of State Henry Kissinger spoke with Fischer urging him to play the match, and chess was at its apex.

At the time, Spassky was rated 106th in the FIDE rankings, and Fischer did not appear on the list at all, owing to his inactivity.

Never a true openings maven, at least when compared to contemporaries such as Geller and Fischer, he excelled in the middlegame with highly imaginative yet usually sound and deeply planned play, which could erupt into tactical violence as needed.

Recent speakers at the LSE have included Kofi Annan, Hilary Benn, Ben Bernanke, Tony Blair, Hazel Blears, Cherie Booth, Gordon Brown, David Cameron, Noam Chomsky, Bill Clinton, Alistair Darling, Niall Ferguson, Joschka Fischer, Vicente Fox, Milton Friedman, Muammar al-Gaddafi, John Lewis Gaddis, Alan Greenspan, Tenzin Gyatso, Will Hutton, Paul Krugman, Richard Lambert, Jens Lehmann, Lee Hsien Loong, John Major, Nelson Mandela, Mary McAleese, Dmitri Medvedev, John Atta Mills, Mario Monti, George Osborne, Robert Peston, Sebastián Piñera, Kevin Rudd, Jeffrey Sachs, Gerhard Schroeder, Carlos D. Mesa, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, Costas Simitis, George Soros, Lord Stern, Jack Straw, Aung San Suu Kyi, Baroness Thatcher, Archbishop Desmond Tutu and Rowan Williams.

His final screen-work was playing the lead role in Dr. Fischer of Geneva ( adapted from the Graham Greene novella, 1985 ) as the eccentric wealthy businessman who played games with the Swiss upper class, such as offering gifts to his guests on the proviso they accepted some humiliating ritual activity ( such as wearing a child's bib at the dinner table ).

Among the notables who died either without a valid will or no will at all are Ross Alexander, Fatty Arbuckle, Anura Bandaranaike, Madhav Prasad Birla, Sonny Bono, George Brent, Lenny Bruce, Jacob A. Cantor, Kurt Cobain, Russ Columbo, Sam Cooke, James Dean, Sandy Dennis, John Denver, Divine, Duke Ellington, Cass Elliot, Chris Farley, Bobby Fischer, Redd Foxx, Mary Frann, James A. Garfield, Marvin Gaye, Ulysses S. Grant, Billie Holiday, Buddy Holly, Shemp Howard, Howard Hughes, Andrew Johnson, Florence Griffith-Joyner, Martin Luther King, Jr., Ernie Kovacs, Harry Langdon, Bruce Lee, Abraham Lincoln, Peter Lorre, Jayne Mansfield, Rocky Marciano, Karl Marx, Steve McNair, Sal Mineo, Carmen Miranda, Keith Moon, Rosa Parks, Pablo Picasso, Mihajlo Idvorski Pupin, Tupac Shakur, Don Simpson, Anna Nicole Smith, William Desmond Taylor, Sharon Tate, Tiny Tim, Ritchie Valens, Hervé Villechaize, Barry White, and Jimmy Witherspoon.

)</ ref >< ref name = Lackner2012 > Such carbon neutral and negative fuels can be produced by the electrolysis of water to make hydrogen used in the Sabatier reaction to produce methane which may then be stored to be burned later in power plants as synthetic natural gas, transported by pipeline, truck, or tanker ship, or be used in gas to liquids processes such as the Fischer – Tropsch process to make traditional transportation or heating fuels .< ref name = Pearson2012 > ( Review.

Geochemist Geoffrey P. Glasby speculated that the sludge could have been formed from the Fischer – Tropsch process, a catalyzed chemical reaction in which synthesis gas, a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, is converted into liquid hydrocarbons.

Fischer esterification is an example of nucleophilic acyl substitution based on the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon and the nucleophilicity of an alcohol.

)</ ref >< ref name = Lackner2012 > Such carbon neutral and negative fuels can be produced by the electrolysis of water to make hydrogen used in the Sabatier reaction to produce methane which may then be stored to be burned later in power plants as synthetic natural gas, transported by pipeline, truck, or tanker ship, or be used in gas to liquids processes such as the Fischer – Tropsch process to make traditional transportation or heating fuels .< ref name = Pearson2012 > ( Review.

* Fischer Composite Technology GmbH uses the Araldite RTM System to produce carbon composite side blades for the Audi R8.

Unlike their parent sugars, aldaric acids have the same functional group at both ends of their carbon chain ; therefore, two different sugars can yield the same aldaric acid ( this can be understood by looking at the Fischer projection of a sugar upside down — with normal aldoses, this is a different compound due to the aldehyde function at the top and the hydroxyl function at the bottom, but with aldaric acids, there is a carboxylic acid function on both ends, so upside down and right side up do not matter ).

The Fischer – Tropsch process, or Fischer – Tropsch synthesis, is a collection of chemical reactions that converts a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen into liquid hydrocarbons.

Fischer – Tropsch plants associated with coal or related solid feedstocks ( sources of carbon ) must first convert the solid fuel into gaseous reactants, i. e., CO, H < sub > 2 </ sub >, and alkanes.

When the letters " sn " appear in the nomenclature, by convention the hydroxyl group of the second carbon of glycerol ( sn-2 ) is on the left on a Fischer projection.

The Fischer carbenes named after Ernst Otto Fischer feature strong π-acceptors at the metal and being electrophilic at the carbene carbon atom.

Fischer carbenes can be likened to ketones, with the carbene carbon being electrophilic, much like the carbonyl carbon of a ketone.

For this reason, the bond between the carbon and the metal center is often represented by a single dative bond, whereas Fischer and Schrock carbenes are usually depicted with double bonds to metal.

American Clean Coal Fuels, in their Illinois Clean Fuels project, is developing a Fischer Tropsch biomass and coal to liquids project with carbon capture and sequestration in Oakland Illinois.

Baard Energy, in its Ohio River Clean Fuels project, is developing a Fischer Tropsch gas and biomass to liquids project with the carbon capture and sequestration.

Rentech was developing a Fischer Tropsch coal and biomass to liquids plant with carbon capture and sequestration in Natchez Mississippi.