In the case of PSK, ASK or QAM, where the carrier frequency of the modulated signal is constant, the modulation alphabet is often conveniently represented on a constellation diagram, showing the amplitude of the I signal at the x-axis, and the amplitude of the Q signal at the y-axis, for each symbol.

The curved lines represent the relationship between pressure ( on the vertical, y-axis ) and Volume ( thermodynamics ) | volume ( on the horizontal, x-axis ) for an ideal gas at different temperature s: lines which are further away from the origin ( mathematics ) | origin ( that is, lines that are nearer to the top right-hand corner of the diagram ) represent higher temperatures.

This color-magnitude diagram was made using infrared images of Messier 79 in two bands-J and K. J-band magnitude is plotted along y-axis and color, J-K, is plotted along x-axis.

The exact number and placement of Endosymbiotic theory | endosymbiotic events is currently unknown, so this diagram can be taken only as a general guide It represents the most parsimonious way of explaining the three types of endosymbiotic origins of plastids.

Each line of a diagram represents a particle propagating either backward or forward in time.

The outcome of a cladistic analysis is a cladogram – a tree-shaped diagram ( dendrogram ) that represents a phylogenetic hypothesis, a hypothesis on evolutionary relationships.

Within the canonical formulation of quantum field theory, a Feynman diagram represents a term in the Wick's expansion of the perturbative S-matrix.

A Feynman diagram represents a perturbative contribution to the amplitude of a quantum transition from some initial quantum state to some final quantum state.

A vertex diagram represents the annihilation of one electron and the creation of another together with the absorption or creation of a photon, each having specified energies and momenta.

The particular bird used in this diagram represents an Indian bird that is very attached to its partner.

A schematic diagram represents the elements of a system using abstract, graphic symbols rather than realistic pictures.

** Schematic, a diagram that represents the elements of a system using abstract, graphic symbols

For example, if one set represents dairy products and another cheeses, the Venn diagram contains a zone for cheeses that are not dairy products.

Ladder logic is a programming language that represents a program by a graphical diagram based on the circuit diagrams of relay logic hardware.

) If the analemma is drawn in a diagram, tilted at the appropriate angle for an observer's latitude ( as described above ), and if a horizontal line is drawn to pass through the position of the Sun on the analemma on any given date ( interpolating between the date markings as necessary ), then at sunrise this line represents the horizon.

This diagram represents a reef on a continental shelf.

The following diagram represents localities within a radius of Mexico Beach.

The following diagram represents localities within a radius of Brushy Creek.

The following diagram represents the locations in a radius of around Veradale.

The dashed arrow typically represents the claim that the indicated morphism exists whenever the rest of the diagram holds.

In the accompanying diagram, the linear total revenue curve represents the case in which the firm is a perfect competitor in the goods market, and thus cannot set its own selling price.

* A data chart is a type of diagram or graph, that organizes and represents a set of numerical or qualitative data.

A spin network, as described in Penrose 1971, is a kind of diagram in which each line segment represents the world line of a " unit " ( either an elementary particle or a compound system of particles ).

Hereby " each diagram usually represents objects of a single class and track the different states of its objects through the system ".

In the end, the phase diagram represents all that the system can be, and its shape can easily elucidate qualities of the system that might not be obvious otherwise.

( The diagram represents a batch apparatus, as opposed to a continuous apparatus.

The ratio of the measured antenna temperature change during a drift scan across the moon to the average brightness temperature of the moon over the antenna beam ( assuming that the brightness temperature of the sky is negligible ) was found, by graphical integration of the antenna directivity diagram, to be 0.85.

* Hertzsprung – Russell diagram – Relates absolute magnitude or luminosity versus spectral color or surface temperature.

In this diagram, abcd is a cylindrical vessel, cd is a movable piston, and A and B are constant – temperature bodies.

In the adjacent diagram, from Carnot's 1824 work, Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire, there are " two bodies A and B, kept each at a constant temperature, that of A being higher than that of B.

Carnot engine diagram ( modern )-where heat flows from a high temperature T < sub > H </ sub > furnace through the fluid of the " working body " ( working substance ) and into the cold sink T < sub > C </ sub >, thus forcing the working substance to do mechanical work W on the surroundings, via cycles of contractions and expansions.

* High temperature hydrogen phase diagram

Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram.

If the piston is slowly lowered, the system will trace a curve of increasing temperature and pressure within the gas region of the phase diagram.

A plot of the temperature of many stars against their luminosities, known as a Hertzsprung – Russell diagram ( H – R diagram ), allows the age and evolutionary state of a star to be determined.

Hertzsprung – Russell diagram identifying stellar luminosity as a function of temperature for many stars in our solar neighborhood. In astronomy, luminosity is the amount of electromagnetic energy a body radiates per unit of time.

Figure 2: Temperature – Entropy diagram That results in a mixture of liquid and vapor at a lower temperature and pressure as shown at point 5.

For example, the water phase diagram has a triple point corresponding to the single temperature and pressure at which solid, liquid, and gaseous water can coexist in a stable equilibrium.

Ellingham diagram for high temperature oxidation

A phase diagram for a fictitious binary chemical mixture ( with the two components denoted by A and B ) used to depict the eutectic composition, temperature, and point.

On a phase diagram the intersection of the eutectic temperature and the eutectic composition gives the eutectic point.

For example, in the diagram at the right, the fluid being heated ( exiting top ) has a higher exiting temperature than the cooled fluid ( exiting bottom ) that was used for heating.

This diagram shows how the peak wavelength and total radiated amount vary with temperature according to Wien's displacement law.

In the diagram the peak value for each curve moves to the left as the temperature increases.

Phase diagram, however, is more usually reserved in the physical sciences for a diagram showing the various regions of stability of the thermodynamic phases of a chemical system, which consists of pressure, temperature, and composition.