In The Orthodox Corruption of Scripture, popular author and text critic Bart D. Ehrman argues that the Adoptionist Theology may date back almost to the time of Jesus and his view is shared by many other scholars.

This differs from the Greek Orthodox view, which accepts that an ecumenical council is itself infallible when pronouncing on a specific matter.

The Roman Catholic Church holds that recognition by the Pope is an essential element in qualifying a council as ecumenical ; Eastern Orthodox view approval by the Pope of Rome as being roughly equivalent to that of other patriarchs.

Eastern Orthodox Christians argue that thereby the council condemned not only the addition of the Filioque clause to the creed but also denounced the clause as heretical ( a view strongly espoused by Photius in his polemics against Rome ), while Roman Catholics separate the two and insist on the theological orthodoxy of the clause.

The Eastern Orthodox view of the origin of icons is generally quite different from that of most secular scholars and from some in contemporary Roman Catholic circles: " The Orthodox Church maintains and teaches that the sacred image has existed from the beginning of Christianity ", Léonid Ouspensky has written.

Thus to kiss an icon of Christ, in the Eastern Orthodox view, is to show love towards Christ Jesus himself, not mere wood and paint making up the physical substance of the icon.

Conservative Judaism's Committee on Jewish Law and Standards, which until December 2006 held the same position as Orthodoxy, recently issued multiple opinions under its philosophy of pluralism, with one opinion continuing to follow the Orthodox position and another opinion substantially liberalizing its view of homosexual sex and relationships while continuing to regard certain sexual acts as prohibited.

In this view, Orthodox Judaism can “ be enriched ” by its intersection with modernity ; further, “ modern society creates opportunities to be productive citizens engaged in the Divine work of transforming the world to benefit humanity ”.

Haredi and Modern Orthodox Judaism vary somewhat in their view of the validity of Halakhic reconsideration.

The Eastern Orthodox Church tradition has never adopted the Augustinian view of predestination, and formed a doctrine of predestination by another historical route, sometimes called Semi-Pelagianism in the West.

Some Orthodox rabbis view contemporary efforts at change as motivated by sociological reasons and not by true religious motivation.

* The most common view, held by some Modern Orthodox authorities, and most Haredi Rabbis, rules that all women's prayer groups are absolutely forbidden by halakha ( Jewish law ).

Schemata on ecumenism ( Unitatis Redintegratio ), the official view on Protestant and Eastern Orthodox " separated brethren ", the Eastern Rite churches ( Orientalium Ecclesiarum ), and the Dogmatic Constitution of the Church ( Lumen Gentium ) were approved and promulgated by the Pope.

Some in Modern Orthodox Judaism reject the above view as naive.

Within Orthodox Judaism the traditional view that Shimon bar Yochai was the author is maintained.

The vast majority of Orthodox ethnic Macedonians view the Serbian Orthodox Church as hostile to Macedonian history, national interests, and self-determination.

In both Orthodox Judaism and non-Orthodox Judaism, the majority view holds that organ donation is permitted in the case of irreversible cardiac rhythm cessation.

The main idea according to the Orthodox view is that this boy or girl is so happy that they are now commanded to do mitzvah and now they will earn reward in the next world for their efforts, that they throw a party and have a festive meal.

Many Orthodox Jews view the Written and Oral Torah as the same as Moses taught, for all practical purposes.

It teaches that Jewish law is both still valid and indispensable, but also holds to a more open and flexible view of how law has and should develop than the Orthodox view.

The major sub-ethnic division is religious, between the Eastern group (" Assyrian Church of the East ", " Ancient Church of the East " and " Chaldean Catholic ") indigenous to northern Iraq, northwest Iran, northeast Syria and southeast Turkey, and a Western one (" Syrian Orthodox ", and Syriac Catholic ") found mainly in south central Turkey and Syria, this latter group often preferring an Aramean identity, being culturally but not ethnically the same as Assyrians.

Since these groups are relatively obscure in the West, literature on them has sometimes included the Assyrian Church of the East as a part of the Oriental Orthodox Communion, but the Assyrians have maintained theological, cultural, and ecclesiastical independence from all other Christian bodies since 431.

Most members of the Assyrian Church of the East, Ancient Church of the East, the Chaldean Catholic church as well as some Syriac Orthodox Christians are ethnic Assyrians.

The Greek, Persian, and Arab rulers of occupied Assyria, as well as Chaldean and Syrian Orthodox patriarchs, priests, and monks, and Armenian, British, and French laypeople, called them all Assyrians.

The Ottoman Empire began massacring Assyrians in the nineteenth century, a time of friendly relations between the Ottomans and the British, who were defending the Ottomans from the Russian Empire's efforts to include under its protection the communities of Ottoman Orthodox Christians.

A Syriac Orthodox Christian, he emphasized the importance of unity among Assyrians and encouraged his community to depart from " tribal mentality.

Once the Orthodox Trinitarians succeeded in defeating Arianism, they censored any signs that the perceived heresy left behind.

All Christian monasticism stems, either directly or indirectly, from the Egyptian example: Saint Basil the Great Archbishop of Caesaria of Cappadocia, founder and organizer of the monastic movement in Asia Minor, visited Egypt around AD 357 and his rule is followed by the Eastern Orthodox Churches ; Saint Jerome who translated the Bible into Latin, came to Egypt, while en route to Jerusalem, around AD 400 and left details of his experiences in his letters ; Benedict founded the Benedictine Order in the 6th century on the model of Saint Pachomius, but in a stricter form.

A 2010 New Year's Eve attack by Islamic fundamentalists on the Coptic Orthodox Church in the city of Alexandria left 21 dead and many more injured.

On the left of the altar, towards the Eastern Orthodox chapel, there is a statue of Mary, believed to be working wonders ( the 13th Station of the Cross, where Jesus ' body was removed from the cross and given to his family ).

In another incident in 2004, during Orthodox celebrations of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, a door to the Franciscan chapel was left open.

The congregation in an Oriental Orthodox church in India collects palm fronds for the Palm Sunday procession ( the men of the congregation on the left of the sanctuary in the photo ; the women of the congregation are collecting their fronds on the right of the sanctuary, outside the photo.

Furthermore, a few Modern Orthodox synagogues have mechitzot dividing the left and right sides of the synagogue ( rather than the usual division between the front and back of the synagogue, with women sitting in the back ), with the women's section on one side and the men's section on the other.

However, since many English-speaking Orthodox find this literal translation awkward, in liturgical use, Theotokos is often left untranslated, or paraphrased as Mother of God.

According to Orthodox Serbs, the 33 knotted prayer rope should be worn on the left hand, and when praying, held with the thumb and forefinger of the right hand.

This left the population of the Grand Duchy divided between Greek Catholic and Greek Orthodox parts.

Eastern Orthodox clergy: bishop ( right, at altar ), priest ( left ), and two deacon s ( in gold )

Others have left Anglicanism altogether for the Roman Catholic or Eastern Orthodox churches, in the belief that liberal doctrinal innovations in the Anglican churches have resulted in Anglicanism no longer being a true branch of the " Church Catholic ".

As nearly all Greek Orthodox have left Turkey ( see Population exchange between Greece and Turkey and Istanbul Pogrom ), this considerably narrows the field of candidates for succession.

Russian and American explorers brought both Roman Catholic and Russian Orthodox religious influences, however, the village's Russian Orthodox practitioners left to establish Lower Kalskag 2 miles down river in 1940.

| align = left | Social-Christianity / Orthodox Protestantism

They begin in Gediminas Avenue, traverse Cathedral Square, and branch out into Pilies Street, B. Radvilaitės Street, passing St. Anne's Church, and the Orthodox Cathedral of the Theotokos, and into the Tymas ' Quarter on the left bank of Vilnia River near Užupis.

He then joined the Russian Orthodox Church in Holland but left shortly thereafter, as its leadership turned out to be sympathetic to National Socialism.

Feinstein's paternal grandparents were Jewish emigrants from Poland, while her maternal grandparents, who were of the Russian Orthodox faith, left St. Petersburg, Russia, after the 1917 Russian Revolution.

Historically, it represents a schism from the Coptic Orthodox Church, its adherents having left the Orthodox church to enter into communion with the Bishop of Rome.

Of course the revolution and the destruction of the Orthodox Church in Russia struck a devastating blow at Slav Christianity and left the Serbian Orthodox Church sadly isolated.