Albert was chosen as his successor early in 1511 in the hope that his relationship to his maternal uncle, Sigismund I the Old, Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland, would facilitate a settlement of the disputes over eastern Prussia, which had been held by the Order under Polish suzerainty since the Second Peace of Thorn ( 1466 ).

However some cavalry still served during the Second World War, notably in the Red Army, Italian Royal Army and the Polish Army.

Second, there were a few incidents when Polish cavalry was trapped by German tanks, and attempted to fight free.

After the Section of Prussians and Polish victory over the Teutonic Order, the city became part of the autonomous province of Royal Prussia under the suzerainty of the Polish crown in the Second Peace of Thorn.

After World War I, most of West Prussia became part of the Second Polish Republic.

The tactics of guerrilla warfare were used successfully in the 20th century by — among others — the Soviet partisans and the Polish Home Army and the OSS in Burma in World War II ; Mao Zedong and the People's Liberation Army in the Second Sino-Japanese War and Chinese Civil War.

After the German invasion of Poland that marked the start of WWII in Europe, the Soviet Union invaded and annexed eastern parts of the Second Polish Republic.

The Second Polish Republic was established and existed from 1918 to 1939.

Last leaders of the Second Polish Republic | Republic: Marshal Edward Rydz-Śmigły and President Ignacy Mościcki in 1936

Second Polish Republic ( until 1939 )

Statue of the Nurse-a statue in memory of women who fought for the Polish state during the Second World War and in battle for Kołobrzeg, the woman is based on Ewelina Nowak who died in 1945 in the city while trying to save a wounded soldier

His invention, known as the Polish mine detector, was used by the Allies alongside mechanical methods, to clear the German mine fields during the Second Battle of El Alamein when 500 units were shipped to Field Marshal Montgomery's Eighth Army.

With the Second Peace of Thorn in 1466, the Teutonic Order came under the rule of the Polish crown.

After the war, the League of Nations held the East Prussian plebiscite on 11 July 1920 to determine if the people of the southern districts of East Prussia wanted to remain within East Prussia or to join the Second Polish Republic. The German side terrorized the local population before the plebiscite using violence, Polish organisations and activists were harassed by German militias, and those actions included attacks and murder of Polish activists ; Masurs who supported voting for Poland were singled out and subjected to terror and repressions

* 1918 – The Second Polish Republic is proclaimed in Poland.

In the second half of the 17th century and most of the eighteenth, Poznań was severely affected by a series of wars ( and attendant military occupations, lootings and destruction ) – the Second and Third Northern Wars, the War of the Polish Succession, the Seven Years ' War and the Bar Confederation rebellion.

In the interwar Second Polish Republic, the city again became the capital of Poznań Voivodeship.

Both the Polish and Teutonic sides agreed to seek the confirmation of the Second Peace of Thorn from Emperor Frederick III and Pope Paul II, but they also agreed that this confirmation would not be needed for validation of the treaty.

It further affected the German minority living within the territory of the former Second Polish Republic in Greater Poland, eastern Upper Silesia, Chełmno Land and the Polish Corridor with Danzig.

When the Treaty of Versailles granted most of former Royal Prussia to the Second Polish Republic as the Polish Corridor in 1920, Pomesania remained in Germany as part of the exclave and province of East Prussia.

* 1846 – The Second Federal Republic of Mexico is established.

Euro gold and silver commemorative coins ( Austria )# 2005 coinage | Euro coin commemorating 60 Years of the Second Republic of Austria, featuring Athena Promachos

Another recent example is the 60 Years of the Second Republic commemorative coin issued by Austria in 2005.

After the demise of the Second Triumvirate, Augustus restored the outward facade of the free Republic, with governmental power vested in the Roman Senate, the executive magistrates, and the legislative assemblies.

* 1952 – The Sino-Japanese Peace Treaty ( Treaty of Taipei ) is signed in Taipei, Taiwan between Japan and the Republic of China to officially end the Second Sino-Japanese War.

Initially led by Canovas del Castillo as moderate prime minister, what was thought at one time as a coup aimed at placing the military in the political-administrative positions of power, in reality ushered in a permanent civilian regime tat lasted until the 1931 Second Republic.

When the Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed on 14 April 1931, he fled and left Spain, but did not abdicate the throne.

The proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic was much celebrated in the city on 14 April 1931.

In the Netherlands, Latvia, Lithuania, Austria, Germany, Scandinavia, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Poland and Catalonia, 26 December is celebrated as the Second Christmas Day.

They contend that the Boers of the South African Republic ( ZAR ) and Orange Free State republics were recognized as a separate people or cultural group under international law by the Sand River Convention ( which created the South African Republic in 1852 ), the Bloemfontein Convention ( which created the Orange Free State Republic in 1854 ), the Pretoria Convention ( which re-established the independence of the South African Republic 1881 ), the London Convention ( which granted the full independence to the South African Republic in 1884 ) and the Vereeniging Peace Treaty, which formally ended the Second Anglo-Boer War on 31 May 1902.

Nevertheless, before the establishment of a literary standard of Macedonian in 1944, in most sources in and out of Bulgaria before the Second World War, the southern Slavonic dialect continuum covering the area of today's Republic of Macedonia were referred to as Bulgarian dialects.

* 218 BC – Second Punic War: Battle of the Trebia – Hannibal's Carthaginian forces defeat those of the Roman Republic.

* 1851 – French President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte overthrows the Second Republic.

* 1931 – The Constituent Cortes approves the constitution which establishes the Second Spanish Republic.

* The Second Republic: 2012 -, Egypt need to strengthen the economy to exogenous shocks, improve productivity, competition, get out of the " informality trap ," invest in human capital via social protection from a human right-based approach to correct for market failures and build good trust in governance.

* 1848 – The French Revolution of 1848, which would lead to the establishment of the French Second Republic, begins.

* 2000 – Second Chechen War: Russia captures Grozny, Chechnya, forcing the separatist Chechen Republic of Ichkeria government into exile.

With the defeat of the Imperial Army, the Second French Empire fell and the Third Republic was created.

Lieutenant Colonel Ignatius Kutu Acheampong, temporarily commanding the First Brigade around Accra, led a bloodless coup that ended the Second Republic in January 1972.

With Conté as president, the CMRN set about dismantling Touré's oppressive regime, abolishing the authoritarian constitution, dissolving the sole political party and its mass youth and women's organizations, and announcing the establishment of the Second Republic.

Second, we will see how Sidney answered the charges, for while Sidney's essay was not specifically a reply to Gosson, his arguments do support the new theater.

The long delay in opening the Second Front was now working to Russia's advantage.

The discovery during the Second World War that guar gum was similar to imported locust gum increased its cultivation in western Asia and initiated it in the United States.

Their collaboration in the Beethoven Second Symphony was lucid, intelligent and natural sounding.

However, lacking requested reinforcements from McClellan, now commanding the Army of the Potomac, Pope was soundly defeated at the Second Battle of Bull Run in the summer of 1862, forcing the Army of the Potomac to defend Washington for a second time.

In July 1862, the Second Confiscation Act was passed, which set up court procedures that could free the slaves of anyone convicted of aiding the rebellion.

Beyond improving their existing association, the records of the Second Continental Congress show that the need for a declaration of independence was intimately linked with the demands of international relations.

The final draft of the Articles was prepared in the summer of 1777 and the Second Continental Congress approved them for ratification by the individual states on November 15, 1777, after a year of debate.

This work resumed however with the development of the so-called " Second Quest ", among whose notable exponents was Rudolf Bultmann's student Ernst Käsemann.

Australia recovered the Ashes in 1934 and held them until 1953, although no international cricket was possible during the Second World War.

Bradman's men were greeted by packed crowds across the country, and records for Test attendances in England were set in the Second and Fourth Tests at Lord's and Headingley respectively ; the crowd at Headingley remains a record, and it was there that Australia set a world record by chasing down 404 on the last day for a seven-wicket victory.

The First Test at Lord's was convincingly won by Australia, but in the remaining four matches the teams were evenly matched and England fought back to win the Second Test by 2 runs, the smallest victory by a runs margin in Ashes history, and the second-closest such victory in all Tests.

In 381, at the Second Ecumenical Council in Constantinople, a group of mainly Eastern bishops assembled and accepted the Nicene Creed of 381, which was supplemented in regard to the Holy Spirit, as well as some other changes: see Comparison between Creed of 325 and Creed of 381.

His paternal great-grandfather was a military tribune in Sicily during the Second Punic War.

Their robust Calvinism was publicized in such confessions as the London Baptist Confession of 1644 and the Second London Confession of 1689.

In the United States however, " Amazing Grace " was used extensively during the Second Great Awakening in the early 19th century.

He took part in the subsequent campaign, but when the Peace of Passau was signed in August 1552 he separated himself from his allies and began a crusade of plunder in Franconia, which led to the Second Margrave War.

In 148 BC, in what the Romans called the Fourth Macedonian War, he was defeated by the Roman praetor Q. Caecilius Metellus ( 148 ) at the Second Battle of Pydna, and fled to Thrace, whose prince gave him up to Rome, thus marking the final end to Andriskos ' reign of Macedonia.

A second time he was excommunicated ; but in 1146 he took the cross at the meeting of Vezelay called by Louis VII, and in August, 1147 embarked for the East in the Second Crusade.

This was during the Second World War, and he involved his students in designing low-cost, small-scale housing for the reconstruction of war-torn Finland.

The Delian League, founded about 477 BC, was an association of Greek city-states, members numbering between 150 to 173, under the leadership of Athens, whose purpose was to continue fighting the Persian Empire after the Greek victory in the Battle of Plataea at the end of the Second Persian invasion of Greece.