* Wald – Wolfowitz runs test

In logistic regression, there are a couple of different tests designed to assess the significance of an individual predictor, most notably, the likelihood ratio test and the Wald statistic.

* The Wald test can be evaluated against a chi-squared distribution

The F-test is a Wald test.

It can also be used in the formulation of test statistics, such as the Wald test.

* Wald – Wolfowitz runs test ( after Jacob Wolfowitz )

The likelihood ratio test, the Wald test, and the Score test are asymptotically equivalent tests of hypotheses.

The Wald test is a parametric statistical test named after the Transylvanian statistician Abraham Wald with a great variety of uses.

Whenever a relationship within or between data items can be expressed as a statistical model with parameters to be estimated from a sample, the Wald test can be used to test the true value of the parameter based on the sample estimate.

Say is the average increase in shoe size for upper-class people compared to middle-class people: then the Wald test can be used to test whether is 0 ( in which case social class has no association with shoe size ) or non-zero ( shoe size varies between social classes ).

Or, for a medical example, suppose smoking multiplies the risk of lung cancer by some number R: then the Wald test can be used to test whether R = 1 ( i. e. there is no effect of smoking ) or is greater ( or less ) than 1 ( i. e. smoking alters risk ).

A Wald test can be used in a great variety of different models including models for dichotomous variables and models for continuous variables.

Under the Wald statistical test, the maximum likelihood estimate of the parameter ( s ) of interest is compared with the proposed value, with the assumption that the difference between the two will be approximately normally distributed.

A common use for this is to carry out a Wald test on a categorical variable by recoding it as several dichotomous variables.

Usually the Wald test and the likelihood ratio test give very similar conclusions ( as they are asymptotically equivalent ), but very rarely, they disagree enough to lead to different conclusions: the researcher finds him / herself asking, or being asked, why the p-value is significant when the confidence interval includes 0, or why the p-value is not significant when the confidence interval excludes 0.

Likelihood ratio tests will give exactly the same answer whether we work with R, log R or any other monotonic transformation of R. The other reason is that the Wald test uses two approximations ( that we know the standard error, and that the distribution is chi-squared ), whereas the likelihood ratio test uses one approximation ( that the distribution is chi-squared ).

* Wald test on the Earliest known uses of some of the words of mathematics

Between Leine and Innerste there are the forested hill chains of the Hildesheim Forest ( Hildesheimer Wald ) and the Sieben Berge (" Seven Hills ", see Alfeld for more details ).

* The Wolds, a term used in England to describe a range of hills consisting of open country overlying limestone or chalk ( see Wood, Wald )

Having a large proportion of variables to cases results in an overly conservative Wald statistic ( discussed below ) and can lead to nonconvergence.

In Wald about 77. 5 % of the population ( between age 25-64 ) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education ( either university or a Fachhochschule ).

* A chronology about life, works and context of Vincent of Beauvais and a study bibliography about the De morali principis institutione, on the personal page of E. Wald (/).

Experiments by George Wald and others showed that rods are most sensitive to wavelengths of light around 498 nm ( green-blue ), and insensitive to wavelengths longer than about 640 nm ( red ).

In Wald about 84. 6 % of the population ( between age 25-64 ) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education ( either university or a Fachhochschule ).

Wald reported that Gorbachev said he knew nothing about it.

As Squid drags Manteau away, Ex Nihilo reveals her true identity as Dr. Wald to Nelson as she stated that she has been understanding the nature of magic for thirty years trying to find a way to bring Abyss to her.

Her true identity is Dr. Wald who worked as Darren Hirsch's neurologist.

She was admitted to the District of Columbia Bar in 1980 and began her law career as an associate with the Washington, D. C. firm of Wald, Harkrader & Ross.

A decision-theoretic justification of the use of Bayesian inference ( and hence of Bayesian probabilities ) was given by Abraham Wald, who proved that every admissible statistical procedure is either a Bayesian procedure or a limit of Bayesian procedures.

During World War I, Eastman was one of the founders of the Woman's Peace Party, soon joined by Jane Addams, Lillian D. Wald, and others.

* Lillian D. Wald

* 1950 – Abraham Wald, Hungarian mathematician ( b. 1902 )

The use of a sequence of experiments, where the design of each may depend on the results of previous experiments, including the possible decision to stop experimenting, is within the scope of Sequential analysis, a field that was pioneered by Abraham Wald in the context of sequential tests of statistical hypotheses.

" Hayek died in 1992 in Freiburg, Germany, and was buried in the Neustift am Wald cemetery in the northern outskirts of Vienna.

* 1906 – George Wald, American scientist, Nobel laureate ( d. 1997 )

* 1902 – Abraham Wald, Hungarian mathematician ( d. 1950 )

Grammy-winning blues musician / historian Elijah Wald and others have argued that the blues were being rapped as early as the 1920s.

Wald went so far as to call hip hop " the living blues.

Eleven Nobel prizes have been awarded to Unitarians: Robert Millikan and John Bardeen ( twice ) in Physics ; Emily Green Balch, Albert Schweitzer, Linus Pauling, and Geoff Levermore for Peace ; George Wald and David H. Hubel in Medicine ; Linus Pauling in Chemistry, and Herbert A. Simon in Economics.

** George Wald, American scientist, Nobel laureate ( d. 1997 )

* July 13 – Jerry Wald, American screenwriter and producer ( b. 1911 )

* Wald, Elijah.

It is located in the federal state of Thuringia (), north of the Thüringer Wald, east of Erfurt, and southwest of Halle and Leipzig.

George Wald, Haldan Keffer Hartline and Ragnar Granit won the 1967 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their scientific research on the retina.

* to the north and northeast lies the Bavarian Forest ( Bayerischer Wald ) with granite and gneiss mountains and wide forests.

A decision-theoretic justification of the use of Bayesian inference was given by Abraham Wald, who proved that every Bayesian procedure is admissible.

These remarkable results, at least in their original form, are due essentially to Wald.