Steel is often cited as the first of several new areas for industrial mass-production, which are said to characterise a " Second Industrial Revolution ", beginning around 1850, although a method for mass manufacture of steel was not invented until the 1860s, when Sir Henry Bessemer invented a new furnace which could convert wrought iron into steel in large quantities.

People found that vermouth was the ideal mixer for many cocktails, including the martini ( beginning in the 1860s ) and the Manhattan ( beginning around 1874 ).

The first being the Formative period starting around the 1860s, the second being the Systematization period beginning in the early 1950s, and the Integration period which began about 1969.

Other areas of Central America as far south as Panama also began to be exploited, but the most important new development was the beginning of large scale logging in Mexico from the 1860s.

Built from the 3rd to the 12th centuries, the ramparts were largely destroyed between the beginning of the 16th century and the 1860s.

The first manual models, using bellows, came in the 1860s, and the first motorized models came in the beginning of the 20th century.

Similar acts usually termed the selection actswere passed in the various Australian colonies in the 1860s, beginning in 1861 in New South Wales.

In the field of railroading, the two primary hubs of railroading in the Deep South were nearby Atlanta and Birmingham, beginning in the 1860s and continuing through to the present day.

William Penn Adair lived in the area off and on for 17 years beginning in the late 1860s.

Nevertheless, Rubinstein's Fourth Piano Concerto greatly influenced Tchaikovsky's piano concertos, especially the first ( 1874 — 5 ), and the superb finale, with its introduction and scintillating principal subject, is the basis of very similar material at the beginning of the finale of Balakirev's Piano Concerto in E-flat major [...] The first movement of Balakirev's concerto had been written, partially under the influence of Rubinstein's Second Concerto, in the 1860s.

Instead, he worked for many years, beginning in the 1860s, training and then substituting for his father as the Bow Street reporter for The Times, among other publications, when his father was on his lecture tours.

Modern settlement of the town began in the 1860s, beginning at first with a few log huts.

Bottrop grew as a mining center beginning in the 1860s, was chartered as a city in 1921, and bombed during the Oil Campaign of World War II.

Throughout the late 19th century, beginning in the 1860s, a sense of loyalty to the " Fatherland " developed in intellectual circles based in the Levant and Egypt, but not necessarily an " Arab Fatherland ".

Ford's Theatre is a historic theatre in Washington, D. C., used for various stage performances beginning in the 1860s.

The discovery of gold, silver and other valuable natural resources throughout Idaho beginning in the 1860s, as well as the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad in 1869, brought many new people to the territory, including Chinese laborers who came to work the mines.

By the beginning of the 1860s Boscombe consisted of the Shelley estate and some cottages, one of which is known to have stood at the top of Boscombe Hill, near the present Drummond Road.

During the 1860s the LB & SCR therefore began to develop a new traffic among the growing number of middle-class commuters who were beginning to live in the south London suburbs and working in central London.

Cryptography in Japan seems not to have been used until about 1510, and advanced techniques were not known until after the opening of the country to the West beginning in the 1860s.

Wathaurong Aborigines occupied the area before white settlement, with picnickers beginning to frequent the area from the 1860s.

Trelew's foundation is linked with Welsh settlement in Argentina, the leaders of which were Captain Sir Love Jones-Parry of Madryn and Lewis ( Luis ) Jones, who acted as spokesmen to deal with the Argentine government in the beginning of the 1860s.

) were specified almost from the beginning of widespread railroad use in the 1850s and 1860s.

Conkling served as a mentor to Chester A. Arthur, beginning in the late 1860s.

This belief became a model for various conspiracy theories about various Cabals with dark nefarious objectives beginning with taking over Usenet or the Internet.

A project is a temporary endeavor with a defined beginning and end ( usually time-constrained, and often constrained by funding or deliverables ), undertaken to meet unique goals and objectives, typically to bring about beneficial change or added value.

When a music therapist gets a referral it is important to first assess the patient and create goals and objectives for him / her before beginning the actual music therapy.

It also consists of achieving various other objectives specified in mission assignments, which are provided at the beginning of each scenario.

In the beginning, the Korean government instigated a series of five-year plans under which the chaebol were required to achieve a number of basic objectives.

All of the objectives that the airborne troops of the 17th had been tasked with had been captured and held, usually within only a few hours of the operation beginning.

It was quickly realized, that if a Destination Statement was created at the beginning of the design process then it was much easier to select strategic Activity and Outcome objectives to respond to it.

All of the objectives that the airborne troops had been tasked with had been captured and held, usually within only a few hours of the operation beginning.

The third phase began in February 1940, beginning with a World War I style artillery barrage that began on the 2nd and lasted till the 11th, while raids and probes were commenced at key objectives.

The RDJTF was planned from the beginning to be highly mobile, its components to be drawn from central pool of resources allocated by the combined services as required to meet mission objectives and the nature of the specific threat to US interests.

A matrix is then drafted containing the student ’ s present level of performance, indicators about ways the student ’ s disability influences participation and progress in the general curriculum, a statement of measurable goals ; including benchmarks or short-terms objectives, the specific educational services to be provided ; including program modifications or supports, an explanation of the extent that the child will not participate in general education, a description of all modifications in statewide or district-wide assessments, the projected date for initiation of the services and the expected duration of those services, the annual statement of transition service needs ( beginning at age 14 ), and a statement of interagency responsibilities to ensure continuity of services when the student leaves school ( by age 16 ), a statement regarding how the student ’ s progress will be measured and how the parents will be informed in the process.

At the beginning of the Hippodrome I saw the Kaiser's Fountain, an ugly octagonal building with a glass dome, built in 1895 by the German Emperor, and on my left, directly across from it, the tomb of Sultan Ahmet, who constructed the Blue Mosque, more properly known by his name.

The epigraph at the beginning of the poem is the phrase Vicisti, Galilaee, Latin for " You have conquered, O Galilean ", the apocryphal dying words of the Emperor Julian.

These mostly range in date from the beginning of the Greek Bronze Age ( about 3200 BC ) to the reign of the Roman Emperor Constantine I in the 4th century AD.

It was typically bestowed on sons-in-law and later sons of the Emperor and, beginning in the 13th century, it was bestowed to foreign princes.

From the beginning the Emperor had refused to accept the will of Charles II, and he did not wait for England and the Dutch Republic to begin hostilities.

Outside of Japan, beginning with Emperor Shōwa, the emperors are often referred to by their given names, both whilst alive and posthumously.

Although the imperial court was not moved to the Asuka region of Japan until 592, Emperor Kimmei's rule is considered by some to be the beginning of the Asuka period of Yamato Japan, particularly by those who associate the Asuka period primarily with the introduction of Buddhism to Japan from Korea.

* 303 – Roman Emperor Diocletian orders the destruction of the Christian church in Nicomedia, beginning eight years of Diocletianic Persecution.

The Emperor Diocletian is said to have made Florentia the seat of a bishopric around the beginning of the 4th century AD, but this seems improbable as Diocletian was a notable persecutor of Christians.

After the Battle of Buxar in 1764, the company acquired the rights of administration in Bengal from Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II ; this marked the beginning of its formal rule, which within the next century engulfed most of India and extinguished the Moghul rule and dynasty.

Larger-scale persecutions followed at the hands of the authorities of the Roman Empire, beginning with the year 64, when, as reported by the Roman historian Tacitus, the Emperor Nero blamed them for that year's great Fire of Rome.

* 1509 – The Emperor Krishnadeva Raya ascends to the throne, marking the beginning of the regeneration of the Vijayanagara Empire.

In 527, the first year of Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian I's reign, he became the adsessor ( legal adviser ) for Belisarius, Justinian's chief military commander who was then beginning a brilliant career.

Supplements and magazines produced during this era detailed the progression of the Rebellion from the initial assassination of the Emperor in 1116 to the collapse of large-scale interstellar trade in roughly 1124 ( the beginning of the supplement Hard Times ).

* 1453: The Fall of Constantinople marks the end of the Byzantine Empire and the death of the last Roman Emperor Constantine XI and the beginning of the Growth of the Ottoman Empire.

* 1125: Lothair of Supplinburg, duke of Saxony, is elected Holy Roman Emperor instead of the nearest heir, Frederick of Swabia, beginning the great struggle of Guelf and Ghibelline.

* 726: Byzantine Emperor Leo III the Isaurian destroys the icon of Christ above the Chalke Gate in the capital city of Constantinople, beginning the first phase of the Byzantine Iconoclasm.

Liu Bang declares himself the Emperor of China, officially beginning the Han Dynasty.

* 1250 – December 13 – Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, dies, beginning a 23-year-long interregnum known as the great interregnum.

* Emperor Leo III of the Byzantine Empire orders the destruction of all icons, beginning the First Iconoclastic Period.

Emperor Trajan built a long aqueduct at the beginning of the 2nd century.

* December 13 – Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, dies, beginning a 23-year-long interregnum known as the Great Interregnum.

From the beginning the Rastas decided that their personal loyalty lay with Africa's only black monarch, Selassie, and that they themselves were in effect as free citizens of Ethiopia, loyal to its Emperor and devoted to its flag representing the Solomonic Dynasty prior to the Communist coup.

However, many Chinese historians extend the starting point of this period back to various years during the collapse of the Han dynasty, such as to the Yellow Turban Rebellion in 184 ; the year after the beginning of the rebellion, 185 ; Dong Zhuo deposing and murdering Emperor Shao of Han and establishing Emperor Xian of Han in 189 ; Dong Zhuo sacking Luoyang and moving the capital to Chang ' an in 190 ; or Cao Cao placing the emperor under his control in Xuchang in 196.