The trunk limbs are beaten in a metachronal rhythm, causing a flow of water along the midline of the animal, from which it derives oxygen, food and, in the case of the Anostraca and Notostraca, movement.

Similarly, frets on earlier balalaikas were made of animal gut and tied to the neck so that they could be moved around by the player at will ( as is the case with the modern saz, which allows for the microtonal playing distinctive to Turkish and Central Asian music ).

Settlement rules could allow for animal blood to replace human blood, or transfers of property or blood money or in some case an offer of a person for execution.

) The exception to this alms rule is when monks and nuns have seen, heard or known that animal ( s ) have been specifically killed to feed the alms-seeker, in which case consumption of such meat would be karmically negative.

Modern cozy mysteries are frequently, though not necessarily in either case, humorous and thematic ( culinary mystery, animal mystery, quilting mystery, etc.

There are several covenants in the bible, and in each case they exhibit at least some of the elements found in real-life treaties of the ancient Middle East: a preamble, historical prologue, stipulations, deposition and reading, list of witnesses, blessings and curses, and ratification by animal sacrifice.

A recent and notable case is the Russian silver fox, or domesticated silver fox, since it resulted in visible and behavioral changes, and is a case study of an animal population modeling according to human domestication needs.

:... since they are without sense and reason and can no more commit a tort or a felony than a brute animal, since they are not far removed from brutes, as is evident in the case of a minor, for if he should kill another while under age he would not suffer judgment.

Some kinds of exoskeletons undergo periodic moulting as the animal grows, as is the case in many arthropods including insects and crustaceans.

The vocative case ( abbreviated ) is the case used for a noun identifying the person ( animal, object, etc.

* In June 2005 Dr. John Clifford, chief veterinary officer for the United States Department of Agriculture animal health inspection service confirmed a fully domestic case of BSE in Texas.

In the case of the second crocodile it was actually the skin that was measured by zoologist Jerome Montague, and as skins are known to underestimate the size of the actual animal, it is possible this crocodile was at least another 10 cm longer.

The caribou in North America is not domesticated or herded as is the case of reindeer ( the same species ), reindeer are often found in colder regions in Europe, but is important as a quarry animal to the Inuit.

In this case the body of any wild animal killed or wounded becomes government property.

Management agencies sometimes rely on hunting to control specific animal populations, as has been the case with deer in North America.

He wrote in Walden: " The practical objection to animal food in my case was its uncleanness ; and besides, when I had caught and cleaned and cooked and eaten my fish, they seemed not to have fed me essentially.

( See Raccoon Dog for case study of the conservation of an animal through fur trade.

* In 2009, Brittany, France experienced recurring algal blooms caused by the high amount of fertilizer discharging in the sea due to intensive pig farming, causing lethal gas emissions that have led to one case of human unconsciousness and three animal deaths.

In case of toxicity studies, the animal receiving a dose of drug either dies or does not die.

Possibilities include saturated ( the usual case in animal source fats ), mono or poly unsaturated ( from many plant oils, have one ( mono ) or more ( poly ) double carbon bonds in the fatty acid chain ), and in where the double bond is ( at the omega carbon in the 3 position, or the 6 position or ...).

Founded in March 1980 by Newkirk and fellow animal rights activist Alex Pacheco, the organization first caught the public's attention in the summer of 1981 during what became known as the Silver Spring monkeys case, a widely publicized dispute about experiments conducted on 17 macaque monkeys inside the Institute of Behavioral Research in Silver Spring, Maryland.

The case lasted ten years, involved the only police raid on an animal laboratory in the United States, triggered an amendment in 1985 to that country's Animal Welfare Act, and established PETA as an internationally known organization.

The case led to the first police raid in the United States on an animal laboratory, triggered an amendment in 1985 to the United States Animal Welfare Act, and became the first animal-testing case to be appealed to the United States Supreme Court, which upheld a Louisiana State Court ruling that denied PETA's request for custody of the monkeys.

Tumor antigens can also be on the surface of the tumor in the form of, for example, a mutated receptor, in which case they will be recognized by B cells.

Thus, the designers of ATM utilized small data cells to reduce jitter ( delay variance, in this case ) in the multiplexing of data streams.

Normally, sodium-potassium pumps in the membrane of cells ( in this case, cardiac myocytes ) pump potassium ions in and sodium ions out.

Cilia of eukaryotic cells can also produce chemotaxis ; in this case it is mainly a Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup > dependent induction of the microtubular system of the basal body and the beat of the 9 + 2 microtubules within cilia.

SOFCs are unique in that negatively charged oxygen ions travel from the cathode ( negative side of the fuel cell ) to the anode ( positive side of the fuel cell ) instead of positively charged hydrogen ions travelling from the anode to the cathode, as is the case in all other types of fuel cells.

In the case of hippocampal cells, this release is dependent upon the expulsion of magnesium ( a binding molecule ) that is expelled after significant and repetitive synaptic signaling.

The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.

In this case, a stem cell must be able to produce new blood cells and immune cells over a long term, demonstrating potency.

In the latter case, the cell holds two pointers to other cells, one representing the first element, the other representing the list except for the first element.

It has been argued that because Snowball Earth would undoubtedly have decimated the population size of any given species, the extremely small populations that resulted would all have been descended from a small number of individuals ( see founder effect ), and consequently the average relatedness between any two individuals ( in this case individual cells ) would have been exceptionally high as a result of glaciations.

It removes old red blood cells and holds a reserve of blood in case of hemorrhagic shock while also recycling iron.

The way that the cells stay differentiated in the case of DNA methylation is clearer to us than it is in the case of histone shape.

IP < sub > 3 </ sub > is a soluble molecule and is capable of diffusing through the cytoplasm to the ER, or the sarcoplasmic reticulum ( SR ) in the case of muscle cells, once produced by PLC.

In every case, the result is a hyper-active kinase, that confers an aberrant, ligand-independent, non-regulated growth stimulus to the cancer cells.

The recursive case of the s-expr definition is traditionally implemented using cons cells.

In this second case, the insulin binds with the proteins that are supposed to tag antigens ( substances or fragments of cells ) which are foreign to the body ( i. e., antibodies ).

Larger size C and D cells are available, though some are merely AA cells inside a C / D-sized case.

As growth proceeds, the column of cells may divide or give off offshoots, in which case a compound gland is formed.

In some cases the hyphae may also penetrate the plant cells, in which case the mycorrhiza is called an ectendomycorrhiza.

In this case small sugars such as sucrose move into intermediary cells through narrow plasmodesmata, where they are polymerised to raffinose and other larger oligosaccharides.

The dogma classes these into 3 groups of 3: 3 general transfers ( believed to occur normally in most cells ), 3 special transfers ( known to occur, but only under specific conditions in case of some viruses or in a laboratory ), and 3 unknown transfers ( believed never to occur ).