This is especially true if the data is to undergo further processing ( for example editing ) in which case the repeated application of processing ( encoding and decoding ) on lossy codecs will degrade the quality of the resulting data such that it is no longer identifiable ( visually, audibly or both ).

More generally, lossy compression can be thought of as an application of transform coding – in the case of multimedia data, perceptual coding: it transforms the raw data to a domain that more accurately reflects the information content.

In the study of wireless communications, path loss can be represented by the path loss exponent, whose value is normally in the range of 2 to 4 ( where 2 is for propagation in free space, 4 is for relatively lossy environments and for the case of full specular reflection from the earth surface — the so-called flat-earth model ).

The lossless PNG format is best suited for editing pictures, and the lossy formats, like JPG, are best for the final distribution of photographic images, because in this case JPG files are usually smaller than PNG files.

I am recommending additional acquisitions of the improved version of the B-52 ( the B-52H with the new turbofan engine ) and procurement of the B-58 supersonic medium bomber, together with the supporting refueling tankers in each case.

Mediaite columnist Paul Levinson noted that " The Monkees were the first example of something created in a medium – in this case, a rock group on television – that jumped off the screen to have big impact in the real world.

Many paint makers now offer faux-maroger's media or faux-megilps, generally made by substituting different materials, such as lime, for genuine lead, or ( as in the case of Gamblin's Neo-Megilp ) by creating a similar product out of specially thickened alkyd medium.

In the latter case the microcode would be loaded into the control store from some other storage medium as part of the initialization of the CPU, and it could be altered to correct bugs in the instruction set, or to implement new machine instructions.

The simplest case of refraction occurs when there is an interface between a uniform medium with index of refraction and another medium with index of refraction.

In this case the speed of sound is used instead of that of light and a reference medium other than vacuum must be chosen.

Although the above statements are meaningless in the case of waves that do not require a medium, they reveal a characteristic that is relevant to all waves regardless of origin: within a wave, the phase of a vibration ( that is, its position within the vibration cycle ) is different for adjacent points in space because the vibration reaches these points at different times.

As a standard underlying medium it uses optical fiber, although it can use copper cable, in which case it may be referred to as CDDI ( Copper Distributed Data Interface ).

A transverse wave is one in which the amplitude vector is orthogonal to k, which is the case for electromagnetic waves in an isotropic medium.

Stressed environment: In radio communications, an environment that is under the influence of extrinsic factors that degrade communications integrity, such as when ( a ) the benign communications medium is disturbed by natural or man-made events ( such as an intentional nuclear burst ), ( b ) the received signal is degraded by natural or man-made interference ( such as jamming signals or co-channel interference ), ( c ) an interfering signal can reconfigure the network, and / or ( d ) an adversary threatens successful communications, in which case radio signals may be encrypted in order to deny the adversary an intelligible message, traffic flow information, network information, or automatic link establishment ( ALE ) control information.

In the latter case, the medium is carrying signals in both directions at same time.

In this case, an evanescent wave is produced, which rapidly decays from the surface into the second medium.

In case of a shared physical medium, the packets may be delivered according to some packet-mode multiple access scheme.

The artifact either needs to be dried carefully, or the water replaced with some inert medium ( as in the case of The Mary Rose ).

With quick firing guns ( those using metallic cartridge cases ) the case itself is fitted with the igniting medium ; in England these are called primers.

Physics theories of the late 19th century assumed that just as surface water waves must have an intervening substance, i. e. a " medium ", to move across ( in this case water ), and audible sound requires a medium to transmit its wave motions ( such as air or water ), so light must also require a medium, the " luminiferous aether ", to transmit its wave motions.

This is the case because virtually all rolls were punched in fixed rows, where punches will occur only in one row or the next, but never in between: the roll is effectively a digital storage medium.

Furthermore, there is also the case of electronic music artists, whose music is generally entirely ( or mostly ) based on multiple, individually created tracks, all set to rigid timing by the very nature of the medium used to produce the genre.

Area defence systems have medium to long range and can be made up of various other systems and networked into an area defence system ( in which case it may be made up of several short range systems combined to effectively cover an area ).

Details such as whether the paint was applied in one or two coats, how finely the pigments were ground, or exactly which binding medium would have been used in each case — all elements that would affect the appearance of a finished piece — are not known.

The directions x, y and z are in this case known as the principal axes of the medium.

The diagonalizable operator is the special case of this in which Af for each i.

For the incremental case ( i. e., ), this simplifies to:

For private suits only the victims or their families could prosecute, while for public suits anyone ( ho boulomenos, ' whoever wants to ' i. e. any citizen with full citizen rights ) could bring a case since the issues in these major suits were regarded as affecting the community as a whole.

The first assumption is that in the case where the background is opaque ( i. e. ), the over operator represents the convex combination of and:

In the case of parallelization, Amdahl's law states that if P is the proportion of a program that can be made parallel ( i. e., benefit from parallelization ), and ( 1 − P ) is the proportion that cannot be parallelized ( remains serial ), then the maximum speedup that can be achieved by using N processors is

Aegean vases have been exhibited both at Sèvres and Neuchatel since about 1840, the provenance ( i. e. source or origin ) being in the one case Phylakope in Melos, in the other Cephalonia.

If the ratio a '/ a be sufficiently constant, as is often the case, the above relation reduces to the condition of Airy, i. e. tan w '/ tan w = a constant.

In the complex case, one can also check that the bilinear form is linear over i in one argument, and conjugate linear in the other.

For example, most areas of law in most Anglo-American jurisdictions include " statutory law " enacted by a legislature, " regulatory law " promulgated by executive branch agencies pursuant to delegation of rule-making authority from the legislature, and common law or " case law ", i. e., decisions issued by courts ( or quasi-judicial tribunals within agencies ).

In this case the description of motion is made in terms of the spatial coordinates, in which case is called the spatial description or Eulerian description, i. e. the current configuration is taken as the reference configuration.

* In Hungary, similarly to the Bulgarian case, i. e. ( időszámításunk előtt, before our era ) and i. sz.

In this case, if a proof uses this statement, researchers will often look for a new proof that doesn't require the hypothesis ( in the same way that it is desirable that statements in Euclidean geometry be proved using only the axioms of neutral geometry, i. e. no parallel postulate.

In the case of neutral-neutral reactions ( i. e., not involving any charged species, ions ), these type of barrier-free reactions usually involve free radical species such as molecular oxygen ( O2 ), the cyanide radical ( CN ) or the hydroxyl radical ( OH ).

If a simply stable system response neither decays nor grows over time, and has no oscillations, it is marginally stable: in this case the system transfer function has non-repeated poles at complex plane origin ( i. e. their real and complex component is zero in the continuous time case ).

In the case of C *- algebras, any *- homomorphism π between C *- algebras is non-expansive, i. e. bounded with norm ≤ 1.

The superscalar complexity in the case of modern x86 was solved with dynamically issued and buffered micro-operations, i. e. indirect and dynamic superscalar execution ; the Pentium Pro and AMD K5 are early examples of this.

It survives in this fixed form from the days of Old English ( having undergone, however, phonetic changes with the rest of the language ), in which it was constructed as "" + " me " ( the dative case of the personal pronoun ) + " thinks " ( i. e., " seems ", < Old English thyncan, " to seem ", a verb closely related to the verb thencan, " to think ", but distinct from it in Old English ; later it merged with " think " and lost this meaning ).

The acute accent indicates the long form of a vowel ( in case of i / í, o / ó, u / ú ) while the double acute performs the same function for ö and ü.

In Turkish each of these are separate letters, rather than versions of other letters, where dotted capital İ and lower case i are the same letter, as are dotless capital I and lowercase ı. Typographically, Ç and Ş are often rendered with a subdot, as in ; when a hook is used, it tends to have more a comma shape than the usual cedilla.

Beware that, in the common and important case of metallic wires, the direction of the conventional current is opposite to the drift velocity of the actual charge carriers, i. e., the electrons.

This fourth play in his tetralogy for 438 BC ( i. e. it occupied the position conventionally reserved for satyr-plays ) is a ' tragedy ' that features Heracles as a satyric hero in conventional satyr-play scenes, involving an arrival, a banquest, a victory over an ogre ( in this case Death ), a happy ending, a feast and a departure to new adventures.

In other situations, different signals such as electrical / physical shock, or in the case of laser detonation systems, light, are used to initiate an action, i. e., an explosion.