In the context of Hamiltonian optics, at a point in space, a light ray may be completely defined by a point P =( x, y, z ), a unit Euclidean vector indicating its direction and the refractive index n at point P. The optical momentum of the ray at that point is defined by

In this context, it is an intermediate method between geometric optics, which ignores wave effects, and full wave electromagnetism, which is a precise theory.

This operation extends the differential of a function, and the divergence and the curl of a vector field in an appropriate sense that makes the fundamental theorem of calculus, the divergence theorem, Green's theorem, and Stokes ' theorem special cases of the same general result, known in this context also as the general Stokes ' theorem.

The comments were reported in the Irish and international media ; however, both Tyaransen and Hot Press editor Niall Stokes, as well as Tiernan himself, defended them as being taken out of context.

A single verse is not poetry unless it is a one-verse poem ; and even the finest line draws its life from its context.

Though his research interests were always in line with those of the German historicists, with a strong emphasis on interpreting economic history, Weber's defence of " methodological individualism " in the social sciences represented an important break with that school and an embracing of many of the arguments that had been made against the historicists by Carl Menger, the founder of the Austrian School of economics, in the context of the academic Methodenstreit (" debate over methods ") of the late 19th century.

The term " cubit " in this context is obscure ; it has nothing to do with distance along either a straight line or an arc, does not apply to celestial distances, and has nothing to do with the gnōmōn.

While tracing garbage collectors can impact efficiency severely via context switching and cache line faults, they collect relatively infrequently, while accessing objects is done continually.

The humor in the punch line may be due to the sudden, unexpected recognition of a familiar saying, since the story has nothing to do with the usual context in which the phrase is normally found, yet the listener is surprised to discover it makes sense in both situations.

An " edit cursor ", an imaginary insertion point, could be moved by special commands that operated with line numbers of specific text strings ( context ).

" Vector ", in this context, implies more than a straight line.

A port in this context is a point where an external waveguide or transmission line ( such as a microstrip line or a coaxial cable ), connects to the device.

While similar in ways to the geometrical horizon, in this context a horizon may be considered to be a plane in space, rather than a line on a picture plane.

The real numbers also play an important role in algebra as a field, but in this context is rarely referred to as a line.

Intuitively, curvature is the amount by which a geometric object deviates from being flat, or straight in the case of a line, but this is defined in different ways depending on the context.

The bassist, in a modal context, is not required to ' walk ' from one important chord tone to that of another in order to make each chord change sound, in the same way required in conventional bebop or hard bop compositions ; rather, he or she is free to improvise bass lines that may highlight or emphasize particular scale degrees within a specific mode ( e. g., a bass line that is constructed to highlight the 6th degree during a Dorian chord ).

Transcription, in the context of cuneiform, is the process in which an epigraphist makes a line art drawing to show the signs on a clay tablet or stone inscription in a graphic form suitable for modern publication.

Kitchener warned French in January 1915 that the Western Front was a siege line that could not be breached, in the context of Cabinet discussions about amphibious landings on the Baltic or North Sea Coast, or against Turkey.

" The song deals with primitivism and colonialism in the context of European ideologies and mythic exploration narratives in line with Cartier's journey's to the " New World.

In the context of Unix, the use of the < tt > ed </ tt > line editor provided diff with the natural ability to create machine-usable " edit scripts ".

TVDI also included environment information ( state, or context ), current color, line thickness, output device, etc.

In modern context, the term ghetto now refers to an overcrowded urban area often associated with specific ethnic or racial populations living below the poverty line.

In an interview with Mike Wallace on September 22, 1959, Serling said, " We changed, in eighteen scripts, Mike, we have had one line changed, which, again, was a little ludicrous but of insufficient basic concern within the context of the story, not to put up a fight.

An unfortunate acronym confusion can occur between Virtual Private Line Service and Virtual Private LAN Service ; the context should make it clear whether " VPLS " means the layer 1 virtual private line or the layer 2

As used in this context, a VPLS is a Layer 2 PPVPN, rather than a private line, emulating the full functionality of a traditional local area network ( LAN ).

Although the commands typically indicate the line ( s ) they modify, displaying the edited text within the context of larger portions of the document requires a separate command.

Generally line numbers or a search based context ( especially when making changes within lines ) are used to specify which part of the document is to be edited or displayed.

Although the mechanism was already in widespread use in early line and character editors, Lawrence G. Tesler ( Larry Tesler ) popularized " cut and paste " in the context of computer-based text-editing while working at Xerox Corporation Palo Alto Research Center ( PARC ) in 1974 – 1975.

The term " Islamic " refers not only to the religion, but to any form of art created in an Islamic culture or in an Islamic context.

Bandwidth typically refers to baseband bandwidth in the context of, for example, sampling theorem and Nyquist sampling rate, while it refers to passband bandwidth in the context of Nyquist symbol rate or Shannon-Hartley channel capacity for communication systems.

In recent usage, especially in the context of environmental policy, the term " climate change " often refers only to changes in modern climate, including the rise in average surface temperature known as global warming.

In an Australian context, the term " Commonwealth " ( capitalised ) thus refers to the federal government and " Commonwealth of Australia " is the official name of the country.

They also believe that the phrase Holy Spirit sometimes refers to God's character / mind, depending on the context in which the phrase appears, but reject the orthodox Christian view that we need strength, guidance and power from the Holy Spirit to live the Christian life, believing instead that the spirit a believer needs within themselves is the mind / character of God, which is developed in a believer by their reading of the Bible ( which, they believe, contains words God gave by his Spirit ) and trying to live by what it says during the events of their lives which God uses to help shape their character.

Methanides in general chemical context refers to any compound that hydrolyzes to methane, which might include also salts with hydrogenated anions such as,, and.

In the context of mysticism, the phrase refers metaphorically to the end of ordinary reality and reunion with the Divine.

However, in the context of explosives, stability commonly refers to ease of detonation, which is concerned with kinetics ( i. e., rate of decomposition ).

In this context the term " professional " ( used for the first category ) as opposed to " amateur " ( used for the second and third ) refers only to the professionalism of the used medium, and not to the professionalism of the language itself or its creator.

The term gaming in this context typically refers to instances in which the activity has been specifically permitted by law.

In the context of the English language gnosis generally refers to the word's meaning within the spheres of Christian mysticism, Mystery religions and Gnosticism where it signifies a ' spiritual knowledge ' or religion of knowledge, in the sense of mystical enlightenment or ' insight '.

In this context, a " hack " refers to a program that ( sometimes illegally ) modifies another program, often a video game, giving the user access to features otherwise inaccessible to them.

Chrétien refers to his object not as " The Grail " but as " a grail " ( un graal ), showing the word was used, in its earliest literary context, as a common noun.

In this context, the term usually refers to the Shannon entropy, which quantifies the expected value of the information contained in a message.

The word literally means " blown out " ( as in a candle ) and refers, in the Buddhist context, to the imperturbable stillness of mind after the fires of desire, aversion, and delusion have been finally extinguished.

The musical terms " piano " and " forte " mean " quiet " and " loud ," and in this context refers to the variations in volume of sound the instrument produces in response to a pianist's touch on the keys: the greater a key press's velocity, the greater the force of the hammer hitting the string ( s ), and the louder the note produced.

In this context, linguists today use jargon to denote a particularly rudimentary type of pidgin ; however, this usage is rather rare, and the term jargon most often refers to the words particular to a given profession.

A sect as used in an Indian context refers to an organized tradition.

In the context of business information exchanges, standardisation refers to the process of developing data exchange standards for specific business processes using specific syntaxes.

In the context of customer service, standardisation refers to the process of developing an international standard that enables organizations to focus their attention on delivering excellence in customer service, whilst at the same time providing recognition of success through a third party organization, such as British Standards Institution ( BSI ).

In a sexual context, scatology refers to the romanticism of fecal matter, whether in passing admiration, the use of feces in various sexual acts, or simply the act of seeing it.

In such constructions tradition refers to specific values and materials particular to the discussed context, passed through generations.