The turn of the century, or to be more precise, the two decades preceeding and following it, marks a great change in the history of early English scholarship.

In archaeology, for example, the contributions of Frederick Haverfield and Reginald Smith to the various volumes of the Victoria County Histories raised the discipline from the status of an antiquarian pastime to that of the most valuable single tool of the early English historian.

The value of place-names in the reconstruction of early English history had long been recognized.

Most now admit that Bede, Gildas, Nennius and The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles cannot be the infallible guides to early English history that Guest, Freeman and Green thought them to be.

The primary reason for the abandonment of the `` shore occupied by '' thesis has been the assimilation and accumulation of archaeological evidence, the most striking feature of early English studies in this century.

In recent years, however, a wind of change seems to be blowing through early English historical circles.

Roy Mason is essentially a landscape painter whose style and direction has a kinship with the English watercolorists of the early nineteenth century, especially the beautifully patterned art of John Sell Cotman.

" English borrowed the word from Spanish in the early 18th century.

During this period winter sports were slowly introduced: in 1882 the first figure skating championship was held in St. Moritz, and downhill skiing became a trendy sport with English visitors early in the 20th century, as the first ski-lift was installed in 1908 above Grindelwald.

* English translations of all extant letters relating to early Arianism

* Ranald MacDonald, first man to teach the English language in Japan and one of the interpreters between the Tokugawa shogunate and Commodore Perry when the latter made his trips to Japan on behalf of the US government in the early 1850s

It arose from the intermingling of children of early settlers from a great variety of mutually intelligible dialectal regions of the British Isles and quickly developed into a distinct variety of English.

The earliest known autobiography in English is the early 15th-century Booke of Margery Kempe, describing among other things her pilgrimage to the Holy Land and visit to Rome.

Common suggestions are that they are old English breeds introduced by the early whalers, or by Captain Cook or other early explorers.

The English word " amputation " was first applied to surgery in the 17th century, possibly first in Peter Lowe's A discourse of the Whole Art of Chirurgerie ( published in either 1597 or 1612 ); his work was derived from 16th century French texts and early English writers also used the words " extirpation " ( 16th century French texts tended to use extirper ), " disarticulation ", and " dismemberment " ( from the Old French desmembrer and a more common term before the 17th century for limb loss or removal ), or simply " cutting ", but by the end of the 17th century " amputation " had come to dominate as the accepted medical term.

Lyrical and almost epigrammatic in form, the poems ' wistful evocation of doomed youth in the English countryside, in spare language and distinctive imagery, appealed strongly to late Victorian and Edwardian taste, and to many early 20th century English composers ( beginning with Arthur Somervell ) both before and after the First World War.

An early professed empiricist, Thomas Hobbes, known as an eccentric denizen of the court of Charles II of England ( an " old bear "), published in 1651 Leviathan, a political treatise written during the English civil war, containing an early manifesto in English of rationalism.

The Spanish Empire claimed the islands by discovery in the early 16th century, but never settled them, and subsequent years saw the English, Dutch, French, Spanish, and Danish all jostling for control of the region, which became a notorious haunt for pirates.

Block argues that rounders and early baseball were actually regional variants of each other, and that the game's most direct antecedents are the English games of stoolball and " tut-ball ".

In the early 1980s a second wave of games consoles came to market, notably the Intellivision and numerous other announcements and releases.

Compared to arcade ports, the ColecoVision did not offer many games original to the console, though a few notable releases are Smurf: Rescue in Gargamel's Castle, War Room, Illusions, and Fortune Builder, an early milestone in the style of SimCity.

The releases of carbon dioxide into the biosphere as a consequence of industrialization have also depressed the proportion of carbon-14 by a few percent ; conversely, the amount of carbon-14 was increased by above-ground nuclear bomb tests that were conducted into the early 1960s.

While changing the title, the copyright notice was accidentally deleted from the early releases of the film.

While later editions had more-or-less comprehensive installation programs that allowed selection of printers and terminals from a menu, in the very early releases, each of the escape sequences required for the terminal and printer had to be identified in the hardware documentation, then hand-entered into reserved locations in the program memory image.

Some early releases in this category were players using flash memory as storage media.

The group disbanded, but subsequent releases include a compilation of the group's early records, a live album, and an anthology of all the aforementioned.

Zawinski, with Marc Andreessen's help, worked on the early releases of Netscape Navigator, particularly the 1. 0 release of the Unix version.

Although he was born in 1942, many news articles incorrectly report him as born in 1944 in New York City, as this was the date and place given on early Monkees press releases.

Of these, drums from Christopher Franke and organ from Steve Schroyder ( on Alpha Centauri ) or Peter Baumann ( on subsequent releases ) feature prominently in the band's music during the early 70s.

While his death growls were dominant on early releases, later efforts incorporate more clean vocals, with both Damnation and Heritage featuring only clean singing.

He also presented the Doctor Who video releases The Troughton Years ( showcasing selected surviving episodes of missing stories ) and The Pertwee Years ( a lookback at his time on the show, with his three selected episodes ) in the early 1990s.

In 1993, the last president of the studio, Fred Seibert recalled his early production experiences with early LP releases of the studio's effects, and commissioned Sound Ideas to release a four-CD set entitled The Hanna-Barbera Sound FX Library, featuring nearly all of the original H-B sound effects used from 1957 to 1990, a more vast collection compared to the early LP releases ( including the sounds H-B had borrowed from other studios ).

Some releases feature artwork by the Communist and early Dada artist / satirist, John Heartfield.

Some early material by Laibach and later neoclassical releases by the band — such as 1990's Macbeth release — were influential on certain artists within the martial music genre.

Fairies became a popular theme in art and literature in the early 20th century following the releases of The Coming of the Fairies by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Peter Pan by J. M.

While the band's early releases were played in a style closer to traditional punk rock, In God We Trust, Inc. ( 1981 ) marked a shift into hardcore.

It is also commonly known as " The White Album " as it has no graphics or text other than the band's name embossed ( and, on the early LP and CD releases, a serial number ) on its plain white sleeve.

* Time Machine – A Vertigo Retrospective, a compilation album of early song releases from Vertigo Records

While initially displaying a sound typically identified as grunge early on in its career, further releases from the band have shown a variety of influences, including psychedelic rock, bossa nova and classic rock.

However, five American League teams had threatened to block the league assignments because of concerns that they would have additional games out of their time zone, causing early starts that would decrease revenue and TV ratings.

In their early years, the Sydney and Brisbane clubs struggled both on and off-field because the substantial TV revenues they generated by playing on a Sunday went to the VFL.

BBC Text pioneered an early form of " on-demand " interactive television, called Enhanced TV.

In late 1997 and in early 1998 the " space adventure " genre was a very popular TV theme in Japan.

In early February, Showtime selected the Marlins for the second season of The Franchise, a reality TV show which centers on the lives of the players on and off the field.

During his career as a director, he retained an early ambition to teach science, and after his career declined in the 1950s he made some educational TV films related to science subjects.

Media fandom shot off from science fiction fandom in the early 1970s with a focus on relationships between characters within TV and movie media franchises.

MacLeod also appeared as the villain on TV shows of the late 1950s and early 1960s, including Edwards's private-eye series, Peter Gunn.

Martin & Lewis made many appearances on early live television, their first on the June 20, 1948 debut broadcast of Toast of the Town with Ed Sullivan on the CBS TV Network ( later The Ed Sullivan Show ).

Since the early 1990s, Alexander has concentrated on film and TV, playing the character Catherine Duke on NewsRadio-a role she left after the start of season 4.

During the early 1970s, Mobil ran a TV commercial featuring a character known as " Mr. Dirt " to show the ruinous effects that dirt had on automotive engines for which a tank of Mobil Detergent Gasoline could provide a cure and preventive medicine against damage that could lead to costly repairs.

However, aside from short bumpers which animated existing " Spy vs. Spy " and Don Martin cartoons during the show's early years, there was no editorial or stylistic connection between the TV show and the magazine.

Goldberg had even done a couple of movies and Dunn was on early TV doing a program called Quick on the Draw.

This blanking interval was originally designed to simply blank the receiver's CRT to allow for the simple analog circuits and slow vertical retrace of early TV receivers.

He is also a character in Shakespeare's Henry IV, Part 1 and was the hero of James Hill's UK TV movie Owain, Prince of Wales, broadcast in 1983 in the early days of Channel 4 / S4C.

On December 1, an incident took place that sealed punk rock's notorious reputation: On Thames Today, an early evening London TV show, Sex Pistols guitarist Steve Jones was goaded into a verbal altercation by the host, Bill Grundy.

TV Guide originally used the term rerun, but abruptly changed to repeat in the early 1970s.

Before the development of practical electronic TV, there were patents on mechanically scanned color systems as early as 1889 in Russia.

The Italian RAI TV show La notte della Repubblica mentioned the possibility that the Red Brigades had been infiltrated by Israeli agents as early as 1974.

One of the main British Animation teams, John Hardwick and Bob Bura, were the main animators in many early British TV shows, and are famous for their work on the Trumptonshire trilogy.

Political adviser Dick Morris urged Clinton to raise huge sums of campaign funds via soft money for an unprecedented early TV blitz of swing states promoting Clinton's agenda and record.

* Venus Smith, an early associate of John Steed in The Avengers ( TV series )

Some weapons were inspired from popular Movies and TV programs, including the Holy Hand Grenade ( from Monty Python and the Holy Grail ) and Ninja Rope ( named the Bat Rope in early demos of the original game )

The group also picked up a cult following in Australia thanks to the support of the Sydney rock radio station 2JJ ( now Triple-J ) and the nationally broadcast weekly music TV show Countdown, which screened all of the band's early videos ( beginning with their first Australian single release-" This Is Pop "); thanks to this interest, the group made two well-received tours there in 1979 and 1980.

** The Sex Pistols achieve public notoriety as they unleash several 4-letter words live on Bill Grundy's early evening TV show.