This conception was taken up by the early Church Fathers and by canon lawyers and theologians in the Middle Ages ; ;

In the Middle Ages, in the Renaissance, right up to the early nineteenth century, the painter was a giant in the world.

Pig iron, a very hard but brittle alloy of iron and carbon, was being produced in China as early as 1200 BC, but did not arrive in Europe until the Middle Ages.

After the Communists took control in the 1940s Polish scholars were safer working on the Middle Ages and the early modern era rather than contemporary history.

The reciprocal influence between the French school and Polish historiography was particularly evident in studies on the Middle Ages and the early modern era studied by Braudel.

Amber and extracts were used from the time of Hippocrates in ancient Greece for a wide variety of treatments through the Middle Ages and up until the early twentieth century.

In the high Middle Ages — and well into the early modern period — few intellectuals, if any, questioned the basic assumptions of astrology: humans live within a web of celestial influences that affect our bodies, and thereby motivate us to behave in certain ways.

The Berber peoples of the Maghreb in the early Middle Ages could be roughly classified into three major groups-the Zenata across the north, the Masmuda concentrated in central Morocco and the Sanhaja, clustered in two areas-the western part of the Sahara and the hills of the eastern Maghreb.

In early times there were two northern kingdoms ( Bernicia and Deira ) and two midland ones ( Middle Anglia and Mercia ).

Probably the most recognised style of armour in the World became the plate armour associated with the knights of the European Late Middle Ages, but continuing to the early 17th century Age of Enlightenment in all European countries.

From the early Middle Ages until after the Second Vatican Council the sacrament was administered, within the Latin Church, only when death was approaching and, in practice, bodily recovery was not ordinarily looked for, giving rise, as mentioned above to the name " Extreme Unction " ( i. e. final anointing ).

The name " Bohemia " derives from the Latin term for the Celtic tribe inhabiting that area, the Boii, who were called Boiohaemum in the early Middle Ages.

In Czech, the region since the early Middle Ages has been called only Čechy (" Czech ") or Království české (" Czech Kingdom "), and its mainly Czech-speaking inhabitants were called Čechové ( in modern Czech Češi ).

An inscription on a stone built into the wall of a summer house in Lancarffe furnishes proof of a settlement in Bodmin in the early Middle Ages.

The Battle of Bouvines, which took place on 27 July 1214, was a medieval battle ending the twelve year old Angevin-Flanders War that was fundamental in the early development of France in the Middle Ages by confirming the French crown's sovereignty over the Angevin lands of Brittany and Normandy.

This plant, with 15 independent anaerobic digestors will be the world's largest composting facility once fully operational in early 2011 and forms part of the Qatar Domestic Solid Waste Management Center, the largest integrated waste management complex in the Middle East.

Cardinal deacons derive originally from the seven deacons in the Papal Household and the seven deacons who supervised the Church's works in the districts of Rome during the early Middle Ages, when church administration was effectively the government of Rome and provided all social services.

Second, there are well-documented historical examples of ( small ) societies that have practiced unspecific coercion without the help of State institutions — like Iceland in the early Middle Ages.

The significant Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age Cycladic culture is best known for its schematic flat idols carved out of the islands ' pure white marble centuries before the great Middle Bronze Age (" Minoan ") culture arose in Crete, to the south: these figures have been looted from burials to satisfy a thriving Cycladic antiquities market since the early 20th century.

Crannogs were used as dwellings over five millennia from the European Neolithic Period, to as late as the 17th / early 18th century although in Scotland, convincing evidence for Early and Middle Bronze Age or Norse Period use is not currently present in the archaeological record.

Celia Heller has called the rigid social segregation and status of Jewish people from Middle Ages through early 20th century in Poland as a closed caste system.

The early hymns sung in Catholic church were brought to Poland by the Franciscan Brothers already in the Middle Ages.

During the Middle Ages, there were various systems involving elections or assemblies, although often only involving a small amount of the population, the election of Gopala in Bengal region of Indian Subcontinent, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ( 10 % of population ), the Althing in Iceland, the Løgting in the Faeroe Islands, certain medieval Italian city-states such as Venice, the tuatha system in early medieval Ireland, the Veche in Novgorod and Pskov Republics of medieval Russia, Scandinavian Things, The States in Tirol and Switzerland and the autonomous merchant city of Sakai in the 16th century in Japan.

In the early Middle Ages, the conquest of Shewa by the Ifat Sultanate ignited a rivalry for supremacy with the Solomonic Dynasty.

From a rural village in the early Middle Ages Delft developed to a city, that in the 13th century ( 1246 ) received its charter.

* Islamic and Christian Spain in the early Middle Ages.

Saint Isidore of Seville, one of the greatest scholars of the early Middle Ages, is widely recognized as being the author of the first known encyclopedia of the Middle Ages, the Etymologiae or Origines ( around 630 ), in which he compiled a sizable portion of the learning available at his time, both ancient and modern.

The early Muslim compilations of knowledge in the Middle Ages included many comprehensive works.

During the early 20th century, Alicante was a minor capital that enjoyed the benefit of Spain's neutrality during World War I, and that provided new opportunities for the local industry and agriculture.

His early work in scrutinizing the use of local, exchange and trunk telephone line usage in a small community, to understand the theoretical requirements of an efficient network led to the creation of the Erlang formula, which became a foundational element of present day telecommunication network studies.

The local media often cover the event, mentioning how early the shoppers began queueing up, providing video of shoppers queueing and later leaving with their purchased items.

From a bibliographical point of view some of the early printed Breviaries are among the rarest of literary curiosities, being merely local.

One of the best examples of a local currency is the original LETS currency, founded on Vancouver Island in the early 1980 ’ s.

He achieved early local recognition, largely through the enthusiasm of George Sterling, for traditional verse in the vein of Swinburne.

In the early Church, the first canons were decreed by bishops united in " Ecumenical " councils ( the Emperor summoning all of the known world's bishops to attend with at least the acknowledgement of the Bishop of Rome ) or " local " councils ( bishops of a region or territory ).

CND's membership increased rapidly, and in the early 1980s it claimed 90, 000 national members and a further 250, 000 in local branches.

He was raised on one of the local farms and went by the name Dent Young in his early years.

In the early, acute stage, symptoms are mild and usually produce no more than local swelling at the site of infection.

Various live local programs with local interests were rapidly being created all over the United States in most major television markets in the early 1980s.

With the development of the internet, by the late 1990s and early 2000, much of that regulation had been replaced where newer industry technologies developed, offering viewers alternate choices for local events and programming leading to what is today, that being Digital Cable, Internet, and Phone being offered to consumers, bundled, by 2010.

He began buying time on a local Los Angeles television station in the early 1950s to run infomercials for his " Criswell Family Vitamins ".

During the early 1990s, the Compact Disc surpassed the gramophone record in popularity, but gramophone records continued to be made ( although in very limited quantities ) into the 21st century — particularly for club DJs and for local acts recording on small regional labels.

As early as 1866, the Civil Rights Act provided a remedy for intentional race discrimination in employment by private employers and state and local public employers.

Mayr said of his own involvement with the local birdwatchers: " In those early years in New York when I was a stranger in a big city, it was the companionship and later friendship which I was offered in the Linnean Society that was the most important thing in my life.

The early national conservation movement shifted emphasis to scientific management which favored larger enterprises and control began to shift from local governments to the states and the federal government.

Policy on buying and stocking Blyton's books by British public libraries drew attention in newspaper reports from the early 1960s to the end of the 1970s, as local decisions were made by a London borough, Birmingham, Nottingham and other central libraries.

FAO focuses on strengthening capacity for disaster preparedness and ability to mitigate impact of emergencies on food security, by forecasting and providing early warning of adverse conditions, assessing needs and devising programmes which promote the transition from relief to reconstruction and development, improving analysis of underlying causes of crises, and strengthening local capacities to cope with risks.

Anika Rahman and Nahid Toubia write that attempts in the early 20th century by colonial administrators to halt FGM succeeded only in provoking local anger.

Beet tops, an industry supported by the College and its associated agricultural experiment station, proved to be an excellent and abundant food for local sheep, and by the early 1900s the area was being referred to as the " Lamb feeding capital of the world.

" Fort Collins continues to grow in population at a measured pace, with competition from other development in northern Colorado, debate over future growth patterns and town and gown relations emerging as dominant local issues in the early 21st century.

Many international artists such as Banksy have left their work in Melbourne and in early 2008 a perspex screen was installed to prevent a Banksy stencil art piece from being destroyed, it has survived since 2003 through the respect of local street artists avoiding posting over it, although it has recently had paint tipped over it.

As Fourth of July celebrations commemorating the Founding Fathers and the heroes of the Revolutionary War became increasingly popular, however, the pursuit of ' antiquarianism ,' which focused on local history, became acceptable as a way to honor the achievements of early Americans.