The Runic alphabets were used for Germanic languages from AD 100 to the late Middle Ages.

Then subsequently the city was, for more than a thousand years, the capital of the Byzantine Empire, the Greek-speaking Roman Empire of late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.

Another invention in the late Middle Ages was the use of Greek fire by the Byzantines, which was used to set enemy fleets on fire.

Artifacts such as bowls, rock carvings and sacred statues with breasts have been recorded from 15, 000 BC up to late antiquity all across Europe, North Africa and the Middle East.

From the 19th century and much of the late 20th century, " Boadicea " was the most common version of the name, which is probably derived from a mistranscription when a manuscript of Tacitus was copied in the Middle Ages.

After his rediscovery in the late Middle Ages, Catullus again found admirers.

The family remained at the centre of civic and religious life throughout the late Middle Ages.

The MGH is a vast series ( it runs to hundreds of volumes and is still publishing ) of edited primary source material essential for scholarly work on late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.

Crannogs were used as dwellings over five millennia from the European Neolithic Period, to as late as the 17th / early 18th century although in Scotland, convincing evidence for Early and Middle Bronze Age or Norse Period use is not currently present in the archaeological record.

It was Renaissance in Italy, in the late Middle Ages, that started a movement of hostility to caste hierarchy, and then a shift towards ideas of equality, merit, freedoms, skepticism, innovation, judge people by their talent and not by their birth, and such concepts.

The late Middle Ages saw reforms in accountancy and banking in Italy and the eastern Mediterranean.

By the late Middle Ages these were a near-universal feature of Western churches, but are now very rare.

The Copper Age in the Middle East and the Caucasus began in the late 5th millennium BC and lasted for about a millennium before it gave rise to the Early Bronze Age.

One significant eschatological myth, introduced by Gioacchino da Fiore's theology of history, was the " myth of an imminent third age that will renew and complete history " in a " reign of the Holy Spirit "; this " Gioacchinian myth " influenced a number of messianic movements that arose in the late Middle Ages.

In the field of parapsychology, claircognizance from late 17th century French clair ( clear ) and cognizance (< Middle English | ME cognisaunce < Old French | OFr conoissance, knowledge ) is a form of extra-sensory perception wherein a person acquires psychic knowledge primarily by means of intrinsic knowledge.

In the late 15th / early 16th century Middle Cornish play Beunans Ke, Arthur's sword is called Calesvol, which is etymologically an exact Middle Cornish cognate of the Welsh Caledfwlch.

) In a song from the late Middle Ages about Olaf Liljekrans, the elven queen invites him to dance.

In order to distinguish esoteric currents based primarily on sources from late Antiquity and the European Middle Ages, from e. g. Islamic or Jewish currents with similar features, the more precise term " Western esotericism " is often employed.

Eusebius ' Preparation for the Gospel bears witness to the literary tastes of Origen: Eusebius quotes no comedy, tragedy, or lyric poetry, but makes reference to all the works of Plato and to an extensive range of later philosophic works, largely from Middle Platonists from Philo to the late 2nd century.

During the late Middle Ages, Flanders ' trading towns ( notably Ghent, Bruges and Ypres ) made it one of the richest and most urbanized parts of Europe, weaving the wool of neighbouring lands into cloth for both domestic use and export.

February 29 came to be regarded as the leap day when the Roman system of numbering days was replaced by sequential numbering in the late Middle Ages.

His grave, built by Nikolaus Gerhaert von Leyden, in the Stephansdom in Vienna, is one of the most important works of sculptural art of the late Middle Ages.

Starting from the late Middle Ages, Florentine money — in the form of the gold florin — financed the development of industry all over Europe, from Britain to Bruges, to Lyon and Hungary.

The English term gratis has its origins in late Middle English ; from Latin.

The range of times and places in which the horrors of the Mythos can be encountered was also expanded in late 2005 onwards with the addition of Cthulhu Dark Ages by Stéphane Gesbert, which gives a framework for playing games set in eleventh-century Europe, Secrets of Japan by Michael Dziesinski for gaming in modern day Japan, and Secrets of Kenya by David Conyers for gaming in interwar period Africa.

their emergence during the late Middle Ages and their decline in the Early Modern era

In the Middle Ages, Geneva was ruled by a count under the Holy Roman Empire until the late 14th century, when it was granted a charter giving it a high degree of self-governance.

This correspond to the high period and late period of the Middle Ages.

In the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance, heraldry became a highly developed discipline, regulated by professional officers of arms.

This style became standard for most European cathedrals built in the late Middle Ages.

The harpsichord was most probably invented in the late Middle Ages.

Since the late Middle Ages the Kingdoms of England and Scotland had been evolving towards a quasi-oligarchical or collegiate form of government in which the monarch was held to rule with the consensus of the land-owning upper classes.

The late R. G. Collingwood, a philosopher whose work has proved helpful to many students of literature, once wrote ``::

Despite the rejection of the traditional accounts on many points of detail, as late as 1948 it was still possible to postulate a massive and comparatively sudden ( beginning in ca. 450 ) influx of Germans as the type of invasions.

Among the many stories about the late Speaker Rayburn is one from Rep. Dwyer, R-6th Dist..

Aphrodite, in many of the late anecdotal myths involving her, is characterized as vain, ill-tempered and easily offended.

These ideas were found in a number of Kabbalistic works from the 13th century, and also among many mystics in the late 16th century.

Unlike his translation of the Pastoral Care, Alfred here deals very freely with his original and though the late Dr. G. Schepss showed that many of the additions to the text are to be traced not to Alfred himself, but to the glosses and commentaries which he used, still there is much in the work which is solely Alfred's and highly characteristic of his style.

What they and many others of that generation in the Nordic countries had in common was that they started off from a classical education and were first designing in the so-called Nordic Classicism style – a style that had been a reaction to the previous dominant style of National Romanticism – before moving, in the late 1920s, towards Modernism.

Too late in the season to plant crops, many were not accustomed to manual labor.

* Santa Claus also known as Saint Nicholas, Father Christmas and simply " Santa ", is a figure with legendary, mythical, historical and folkloric origins who, in many western cultures, is said to bring gifts to the homes of the good children during the late evening and overnight hours of Christmas Eve, December 24.

His remaining secular works in this late period fall into three categories: first, large scale cantatas and one oratorio Habsburg written on patriotic themes or in response to the international political situation, pedagogical works written to aid his students in voice, and finally simple songs, rounds or canons written for home entertainment ; many with original poetry by the composer.

In the late 1980s, due to the poor financial standing of many of the Victorian clubs, the VFL pursued a more national competition.

In particular many of the basic spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques were discovered in the early 20th century and refined in the late 20th century.

In late 1792 Phillip, whose health was suffering from the poor diet, at last received permission to leave, and on 11 December 1792 he sailed in the ship Atlantic, taking with him many specimens of plants and animals.

When this discovery was followed up in 1870, on the neighbouring Santorin ( Thera ), by representatives of the French School at Athens, much pottery of a class now known immediately to precede the typical late Aegean ware, and many stone and metal objects, were found.

In the late 1880s many of the Hazara tribes revolted against Abdur Rahman, the first ruler to bring the country of Afghanistan under a centralized Afghan government.

After the arrival of missionaries in the late 18th century, many Aleuts became Christian by joining the Russian Orthodox Church.

Lyrical and almost epigrammatic in form, the poems ' wistful evocation of doomed youth in the English countryside, in spare language and distinctive imagery, appealed strongly to late Victorian and Edwardian taste, and to many early 20th century English composers ( beginning with Arthur Somervell ) both before and after the First World War.

For many years, bouldering was commonly viewed as a playful training activity for climbers, although in the 1930s and late 1940s Pierre Allain and his companions enjoyed bouldering for its own sake in Fontainebleau, considered by many to be the Mecca of bouldering.

The myth was perpetuated by Romeyn de Hooghe's Spiegel van Staat der Vereenigden Nederlanden (" Mirror of the State of the United Netherlands ", 1706 ), which also ran to many editions, and it was revived in the atmosphere of Romantic nationalism in the late eighteenth-century reforms that saw a short-lived Batavian Republic and, in the colony of the Dutch East Indies, a capital ( now Jakarta ) that was named Batavia.

A major modification to Noth's theory was made in 1973 by the American scholar Frank M. Cross, to the effect that two editions of the history could be distinguished, the first and more important from the court of king Josiah in the late 7th century, and the second Noth's 6th century Exilic history, and other scholars have detected many more authors / editors than either Noth or Cross allowed for.

The first was the late 7th century Deuteronomistic reform of official Judean religion under king Josiah, who banned many elements of the old polytheistic cult from the Temple, and the sudden collapse of Assyria and the rise of Babylon to take its place ; the second was exile of the royal court, the priests and other members of the ruling elite following the Babylonian destruction of Jerusalem c. 586 BCE.

A major programme of remedial work on the West Coast Main Line started in 1997 and finished in 2009, far over budget (£ 10bn ), many years late and still not bringing the line up to the standards originally proposed by Railtrack.

A non-Japanese video game featuring a dream-eating tapir also exists., and in the Manga of Masashi Kishimoto Naruto, the late character Danzo Shimura is capable of summoning a giant Baku to aid him in battle ( unlike many modern representations, the Baku that appears in Naruto is very close to the original japanesse description of a Baku ).

Tank and vehicle production was a constant problem for Germany ; indeed, late in the war many panzer " divisions " had no more than a few dozen tanks.