One of the more noteworthy changes that have taken place since the mid-19th century is the situation of Catholics at Oxford and Cambridge Universities.

The term Ethiopic Ocean, derived from Ethiopia, was applied to the southern Atlantic as late as the mid-19th century.

The term Ethiopian Ocean sometimes appeared until the mid-19th century.

By the mid-19th century scientists began to arrive en masse to study the geology and ecology of the region.

In the mid-19th century important leaders included Transcendentalists such as Ralph Waldo Emerson ( 1803 – 1882 ) and Henry David Thoreau ( 1817 – 1862 ).

* In the Michael Flynn novel In the Country of the Blind, a secret society calling itself the Babbage Society secretly financed the building of Babbage Engines in the mid-19th century.

In the mid-19th century, numerous modifications were attempted to alleviate these problems, as well as improve holding power, including one-armed mooring anchors.

From Russian arrival in the Aleutian Islands in 1786 through the mid-19th century, the Russians invaded and enslaved the natives, and many of the Aleut customs disappeared.

Various written accounts of bunyips were made by Europeans in the early and mid-19th century, as settlement spread across the country.

In the mid-19th century Scottish antiquaries called brochs ' burgs ', after Old Norse borg, with the same meaning.

Until the mid-19th century, the Museum's collections were relatively circumscribed but, in 1851, with the appointment to the staff of Augustus Wollaston Franks to curate the collections, the Museum began for the first time to collect British and European medieval antiquities, prehistory, branching out into Asia and diversifying its holdings of ethnography.

By the mid-19th century, Bayonne had declined somewhat with the centralisation of power to Paris and to the new département capital, non-Basque Pau, after the 1789 French Revolution, and with Wellington's bombardment.

William Robert Hicks the humorist was domestic superintendent in the mid-19th century.

Until the mid-19th century the Banda Islands were the world's only source of the spices nutmeg and mace, produced from the nutmeg tree.

This was problematic, as the patroon system of land holding, based on the feudal system and civil law, continued to operate in the colony until it was abolished in the mid-19th century.

Contra dances were fashionable in the United States until the early to mid-19th century, when they were supplanted in popularity by square dances ( such as the quadrille and lancers ) and couple dances ( such as the waltz and polka ).

The slave trade was largely suppressed by the mid-19th century.

Croatian romantic nationalism emerged in mid-19th century to counteract the apparent Germanization and Magyarization of Croatia.

In the mid-19th century, Cambridge was the center of a literary revolution when it gave the country a new identity through poetry and literature.

Use of the CE abbreviation was introduced by Jewish academics in the mid-19th century.

During his reign, Saladin also constructed the Cairo Citadel, which served as the seat of the Egyptian government until the mid-19th century.

Until the mid-19th century, when the river was tamed by dams, levees, and other controls, the Nile in the vicinity of Cairo was highly susceptible to changes in course and surface level.

Conservative Judaism ( also known as Masorti Judaism outside of the United States and Canada ) is a modern stream of Judaism that arose out of intellectual currents in Germany in the mid-19th century and took institutional form in the United States in the early 1900s.

Modern North American football has its origins in various games, all known as " football ", played at public schools in England in the mid-19th century.

During the 17th century cavalry in Europe lost most of its armor, ineffective against the muskets and cannon which were coming into use, and by the mid-19th century armor had mainly fallen into disuse, although some regiments retained a small thickened cuirass that offered protection against lances and sabres and some protection against shot.

For example, the " derringer " ( a generic term based on the mid-19th century " Deringer " brand name ) is a very small, short-barreled handgun, usually with one or two barrels but sometimes more ( some 19th-century derringers had four barrels ) that have to be manually reloaded after being fired.

Until the mid-19th century, both Cambridge and Oxford were rather a group of colleges with a small central university administration, than universities in the common sense.

By the mid-19th century, all respectable families had moved away, and prostitutes, music halls and small theatres had moved in.

Shellac was used from mid-19th century to produce small moulded goods such as picture frames, boxes, toilet articles, jewelry, inkwells and even dentures.

Winchester became a gateway to Quaker settlements further west ; by the mid-19th century, the Quaker population was a small minority here.

By the mid-19th century, the small town of Jacob was Jackson County's first black community.

Founded in the mid-19th century and incorporated in 1871, Bremen remains a traditional Midwestern small town.

It was first occupied by a small band of the Saginaw tribe of the Chippewa People which by the mid-19th century used the area as a ' summer village ' ( it was not used by them year-round, but they ' wintered ' in the area that is now Meridian Township ).

Buffalo remained a small town until the mid-19th century when it became a popular resort town for wealthy day-trippers from the Minneapolis-St. Paul metro area.

This small, isolated, primarily Roman Catholic settlement came into existence in the mid-19th century, and encompassed for the most part the S / 2 of Section 12, all of Section 13, the E / 2 of Section 14, and the NE / 4 of Section 24 all of T7S-R9W, Jackson County, Mississippi.

Olivette was settled in the mid-19th century as a small farming community along an old Indian trail originally called the Bonhomme Road ( now known as Old Bonhomme, which meets and essentially turns into Olive Boulevard ).

In the mid-19th century, Waldwick and the surrounding area constituted a small settlement within Franklin Township, an area that encompassed much of northwestern Bergen County.

Around the late 17th century, settlers began arriving in the northern part of East Brunswick, and by the mid-19th century, a small village had formed in the southeastern part, known as the Old Bridge section of the town, an area that was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

Bisected by the 1687 Edgmont Great Road, Brookhaven developed into a town of small crossroads, at Sneath's Corners in the mid-19th century.

" Midget ", whose etymology indicates a " small sandfly ," came into prominence in the mid-19th century after Harriet Beecher Stowe used it in her novels Sunny Memories of Foreign Lands and Old Town Folks where she described children and an extremely short man, respectively.

In the mid-19th century, Individualist anarchist Lysander Spooner wrote about the benefits of numerous small loans for entrepreneurial activities to the poor as a way to alleviate poverty.

At its height in the mid-19th century, when it was dominated by the Lees and Jones families, Oldham coal was mainly sourced from many small collieries whose lives varied from a few years to many decades, although two of the four largest collieries survived to nationalisation.

The only time it was surpassed in population was in the mid-19th century when Chilecito, a small settlement near the Chilean boarder based around the Hacienda Santa Rita, became the largest town in the province.

Over a period of 40 years, from the mid-19th century to the early 20th century, labor for the sugar cane fields of Queensland, Australia included an element of coercive recruitment and indentured servitude, of the 62, 000 South Sea Islanders ( from Melanesia, mainly the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu, with a small number from the Polynesian and Micronesian islands such as Samoa, Kiribati and Tuvalu ).

During the mid-19th century, a system of locks on the Shubenacadie River in Enfield assisted small vessels in navigating from the Bay of Fundy to nearby Shubenacadie Grand Lake as part of the Shubenacadie Canal.

Throughout the Middle Ages and until the mid-19th century, most Jews in Europe were forced to live in small towns ( shtetls ) and were restricted from entering universities or high-level professions.

A grammar school was founded in Normanton by John Freeston ( now the ' Parish Rooms '.. later moved to the site of the, Normanton Junior School on Church lane ) in 1592, but the town remained very small until it became the focus of several railway lines in the mid-19th century.

The village has a village hall, one secondary school, Shottery Girls Grammar, and one small primary school, Shottery St Andrew's CofE Primary School that has been open since the mid-19th century.