The light-dependent reaction has two forms: cyclic and non-cyclic.

The cyclic reaction is similar to that of the non-cyclic, but differs in the form that it generates only ATP, and no reduced NADP ( NADPH ) is created.

Unlike non-cyclic photophosphorylation, NADP + does not accept the electrons ; they are instead sent back to photosystem I.

* The transfer of electrons from photosystem II to plastoquinone during non-cyclic electron transport consumes two protons from the stroma.

In non-cyclic refrigeration, cooling is accomplished by melting ice or by subliming dry ice ( frozen carbon dioxide ).

A famous class of counterexamples to Burnside's problem is formed by finitely generated non-cyclic infinite groups in which every nontrivial proper subgroup is a finite cyclic group, the so-called Tarski Monsters.

In the case of non-cyclic quadrilaterals, Brahmagupta's formula can be extended by considering the measures of two opposite angles of the quadrilateral:

This has fundamental group Z / 3Z, has maximal compact subgroup the compact form ( see below ) of E < sub > 6 </ sub >, and has an outer automorphism group non-cyclic of order 4 generated by complex conjugation and by the outer automorphism which already exists as a complex automorphism.

These were originally in 5-year cycles beginning in 287, then in a non-cyclic series which reached number 26 by 318.

* FMT is mainly about discrimination of structures: can a given class of structures be described ( up to isomorphy ) in a given language, e. g. can all cyclic graphs be discriminated ( from the non-cyclic ones ) by a First-order ( henceforth FO ) sentence, i. e. is the property " cyclic " FO expressible.

The general formula for saturated hydrocarbons is C < sub > n </ sub > H < sub > 2n + 2 </ sub > ( assuming non-cyclic structures ).

Those with one double bond have the formula C < sub > n </ sub > H < sub > 2n </ sub > ( assuming non-cyclic structures ).

Dirac also predicted a reaction + → +, where an electron and a proton annihilate to give two photons.

The energy of the incident photons is absorbed by the pigments and funneled to the reaction centre of this complex through resonance energy transfer.

In nuclear physics and nuclear chemistry, nuclear fission is either a nuclear reaction or a radioactive decay process in which the nucleus of an atom splits into smaller parts ( lighter nuclei ), often producing free neutrons and photons ( in the form of gamma rays ), and releasing a very large amount of energy, even by the energetic standards of radioactive decay.

The fission reaction also releases ~ 7 MeV in prompt gamma ray photons.

The reaction force from photons departing from any given surface element of the sphere will be normal to the surface, such that no torque is produced.

Each grain must absorb a certain number of photons in order for the light-driven reaction to occur and the latent image to form.

* In the light reaction, sunlight photons are absorbed by chloroplasts which split water into an electron, proton and oxygen radical which is recombined with another radical and released as molecular oxygen.

Within this context of spontaneous and unanalyzed responses to the experience of civilizational crisis, two basic organizations of response are observable: reaction and ideological progressivism.

When the reactionary response is thus bolstered by an intellectual defense, the characteristics of that defense are explicable only in terms of the basic attitudes of unanalyzed reaction.

The rate of the gas phase exchange reaction appears to be proportional to the first power of the absorbed light intensity indicating that the radical intermediates are removed at the walls or by reaction with an impurity rather than by bimolecular radical combination reactions.

He showed convincingly that anxiety is a learned ( conditioned ) reaction and is the basis of experimental and clinical neuroses and assumed, therefore, that the neuronal changes which underlie the neuroses are functional and reversible.

Further research in the meaning of crises as experienced by the consumers of traditional social casework services -- including attempts to develop a typology of family structures, crisis problems, reaction mechanisms, and differential treatment approaches -- and the establishment of new experimental programs are imperative social needs which should command the best efforts of caseworkers in collaboration with community planners.

In the new process impurities present in the solvent ( benzene ), the monomer, and in the reaction system which would cause deactivation of propagation centers, are rendered inactive prior to polymerization by gradual addition of initiator, a mixture of butyl-lithium and telomeric styryl-lithium, at a temperature low enough to suppress chain growth.

The action and reaction forces are R and Af, respectively, and are equal and opposite in direction.

Urethane foams are, basically, reaction products of hydroxyl-rich materials and polyisocyanates ( usually tolylene diisocyanate ).

Basically, this means that simpler processing equipment ( the mixture has good flowing characteristics ) and less external heat ( the foaming reaction is exothermic and develops internal heat ) are required in one-shot foaming, although, at the same time, the problems of controlling the conditions of one-shot foaming are critical ones.

Public relations strategists everywhere, watching the reaction of the German press, the liberal press, the lunatic-fringe press, listening to their neighbors, studying interviews with men and women on the street, cried out: Too much, too much -- the mind of the audience is becoming dulled, the horrors are losing their effect.

When scratched with a sharp implement, an exothermic reaction occurs and white fumes are given off as metallic antimony is formed ; when rubbed with a pestle in a mortar, a strong detonation occurs.

Alkyne trimerization describes the cyclization of three alkynes, in the Dötz reaction an alkyne, carbon monoxide and a chromium carbene complex are the reactants. Diels-Alder reactions of alkynes with pyrone or cyclopentadienone with expulsion of carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide also form arene compounds.

Cycloaddition reaction are not common.

If ΔS and / or T are small, the condition ΔG < 0 may imply that ΔH < 0, which would indicate an exothermic reaction.

While there are some similarities between the two movements, Theodism derived its origins primarily as a reaction to Wicca.

In neurons, calcium-sensitive adenylate cyclases are located next to calcium ion channels for faster reaction to Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup > influx ; they are suspected of playing an important role in learning processes.

Examples of addition reactions are hydrohalogenation, halogenation, halohydrin formation, oxymercuration, hydroboration, dichlorocarbene addition, Simmons-Smith reaction, catalytic hydrogenation, epoxidation, radical polymerization and hydroxylation.

In the alkyne zipper reaction, alkynes are generated from other alkynes by treatment with a strong base.

This general reaction has been extensively developed and electrophilic alkynes are especially effective dienophiles.

Neutrons are liberated when beryllium nuclei are struck by energetic alpha particles producing the nuclear reaction

If these neutrons are captured by another unstable nucleus, they can fission as well, leading to a chain reaction.

Although its lesbian overtones are tame by today's standards, the film — designed by Meyer and long-time cohort Jim Ryan as a reaction to provocative European art films — grossed millions on a five-figure budget and captured the zeitgeist just as The Immoral Mr. Teas had a decade earlier.

The water-splitting reaction occurs on the lumenal side of the thylakoid membrane and is driven by the light energy captured by the photosystems.

In order to achieve an effective fission chain reaction, the neutrons produced during fission must be captured by fissionable nuclei, which then split, releasing more neutrons.

The light energy is captured by phycoerythrin and is then passed on to the reaction centre chlorophyll pair, most of the time via the phycobiliproteins phycocyanin and allophycocyanin.

It then transfers captured light from one pigment to the next as resonance energy, passing energy one pigment to the other until reaching the special chlorophyll a molecules in the reaction center.

Laverne was widely quoted by mass media in early March 2010 when her emotional reaction to proposals to kill BBC 6 music captured the attention of her listeners and the press.

In addition, Lee was concerned because some Confederate guerrillas had just been captured by the Army of the Potomac, which was considering hanging them, and execution of Dalghren's men might set off a chain reaction.

The French reaction to the strong anti-French sentiment in the United States is also captured in the novel.

The Irish band U2 were holding a concert in Denver, Colorado the same day as the bombing, and the lead singer Bono's reaction during the concert is captured during a performance of their song " Sunday Bloody Sunday ".

: C < sub > 4 </ sub > plants like maize and sorghum can achieve a higher yield at high solar radiation intensities, because they prevent the leaking of captured carbon dioxide due of the spatial separation of carbon dioxide capture and carbon dioxide use in the dark reaction.

He deplores the impressing of American soldiers by French and Spanish forces and criticizes the legal framework concerning the proper reaction to such action ; how to guarantee the safe return of captured seamen from foreign territories, and the inability of consuls to " demand an inspection of the registers and sea letters.

These types of assay can be extremely sensitive, since the light produced can be captured by photographic film over days or weeks, but can be hard to quantify, because not all the light released by a reaction will be detected.