Jean Bodin, writing in the sixteenth century, may have been the seminal thinker, but it was the vastly influential John Austin who set out the main lines of the concept as now understood.

The second half of the sixteenth century in England was the setting for a violent and long controversy over the moral quality of renaissance literature, especially the drama.

This is certainly an irrational dogmatism, in which the modern mind attempts to understand the spirit of the sixteenth century on twentieth-century terms.

Secondly, to find a learned diversion and a pleasing joke in More's account of the stupid brutalities of early sixteenth century wars, of the anguish of the poor and dispossessed, of the insolence and cruelty of the rich and powerful requires a callousness toward suffering and sin that would be surprising in a moral imbecile and most surprising in More himself.

Similar literary exercises were the common doings of a Christian humanist of the first two decades of the sixteenth century.

Andrea Palladio, an Italian architect of the sixteenth century, modeled his designs on its Doric and Ionic columns.

The original impulses came to England late ( in the sixteenth century ) and continue strong long after everyone else had gone on to the baroque basso continuo, sonatas, operas and the like.

Late in the sixteenth century the " verse anthem ", in which passages for solo voices alternated with passages for full choir, developed.

* Baldo Angelo Abati ( sixteenth century ), Italian naturalist

The Schwarzwälder Freilichtmuseum Vogtsbauernhof is an open-air museum that shows the life of sixteenth or seventeenth century farmers in the region, featuring a number of reconstructed Black Forest farms.

The Bassas da India was first recorded by Portuguese explorers in the early sixteenth century as the " Baixo da Judia " (" Jewess Shoals ").

A large bronze cast medallion, some 9. 5 by 8. 7 centimetres in measurement, created by the celebrated medalist Valerio Belli in the sixteenth century.

Before the thirteenth century, beer was flavoured with plants such as yarrow, wild rosemary, and bog myrtle, and other ingredients such as juniper berries, aniseed and ginger, which would be combined into a mixture known as gruit and used as hops are now used ; between the thirteenth and the sixteenth century, during which hops took over as the dominant flavouring, beer flavoured with gruit was known as ale, while beer flavoured with hops was known as beer.

* According to culinary writer Giuliano Bugialli, the term comes from the Italian bagno maria, named after Maria de ' Cleofa, who developed the technique in Florence in the sixteenth century.

He estimated the early sixteenth century population to be 2500-3000.

Unlike other eastern Indonesian islands, such as Ambon, Solor, Ternate and Morotai, the Bandanese displayed no enthusiasm for Christianity or the Europeans who brought it in the sixteenth century, and no serious attempt was made to Christianise the Bandanese.

Trade and society in the Banda Islands in the sixteenth century.

The modern constellations in this region were defined during the Age of exploration, notably by Dutch navigators Pieter Dirkszoon Keyser and Frederick de Houtman at the end of sixteenth century.

However, the term classical music is used colloquially to describe a variety of Western musical styles from the ninth century to the present, and especially from the sixteenth or seventeenth to the nineteenth.

Archaeological studies of Grand Cayman have found no evidence that humans occupied the islands prior to the sixteenth century.

The northwest of the country, the Nicoya Peninsula, was the southernmost point of Nahuatl cultural influence when the Spanish conquerors ( conquistadores ) came in the sixteenth century.

Vittoria Colonna became famous in the sixteenth century as a poet and a figure in literate circles.

In Russian legal history, for instance, comparative method dates back to the sixteenth century.

Throughout his life Hume, who never married, spent time occasionally at his family home at Ninewells by Chirnside, Berwickshire, which had belonged to his family since the sixteenth century.

Under Pope Julius III, the Council met in Trent ( 1551 – 52 ) for the twelfth through sixteenth sessions, and under Pope Pius IV, the seventeenth through twenty-fifth sessions took place in Trent ( 1559 – 63 ).

Aquilinus ( 589-99 ) attended the third Council of Toledo ; Esteban, the fourth and one at Egara ; Dominus, the sixth of Toledo ; Guericus, the eighth ; Wisefredus sent his vicar to the thirteenth, and attended in person the fifteenth and sixteenth.

As such the Metropolitan Council has no jurisdiction over the city's comprehensive plan within Minneapolis-Saint Paul, the sixteenth largest metropolitan area in the United States.

Until at least the sixteenth century, individual Officers of State had separate property, powers and responsibilities granted with their separate offices by Royal Command, and the Crown and the Privy Council constituted the only co-ordinating authorities.

It was not until the sixteenth century, when the Protestant Reformation challenged the seven sacraments, including Matrimony, that the Church officially named the sacraments for the first time in Canon Law at the Council of Trent in 1547.

Cooper believed that James Forrestal's fatal fall from a window on the sixteenth floor of Bethesda Hospital was connected to the alleged secret committee, Majestic-12, and that JASON advisory group scientists reported to an elite group of Trilateral Commission and Council on Foreign Relations executive committee members who were high-ranking members of the Illuminati.

When part of the building collapsed in the sixteenth century, the Council of One Hundred commissioned many architects to submit designs and selected Palladio to reconstruct the building in April 1549.

What is clear is that in the sixteenth century there must have been an important amount of wine spirit being produced, as is illustrated by the existence of a document which makes reference to the fact that in 1580 the Town Council of Jerez handed over the revenue from the Wine Spirit Tax ( a municipal tax levied on the production of wine spirit ) for the construction of a Jesuit college.

The Catholic Church teaches that an infallible certitude of final salvation, as supposed in Calvinism, is not a usual experience, as seen in the sixteenth canon of the sixth session of the Council of Trent:

Observance of the laws concerning shatnez became neglected in the sixteenth century ; and the Council of Four Lands found it necessary to enact ( 1607 ) a Takkanah (" decree ") against shatnez, especially warning women not to sew woolen trails to linen dresses, nor to sew a velvet strip in front of the dress, as velvet had a linen back.

Seven holes in the bottom paddock, now Wilson Park, and the sixteenth and seventeenth holes in a paddock leased from Lidcombe Council on the southern side of Holker Street.

The family is large, with more than 3, 700 species spread across 434 genera, it is the sixteenth largest family of flowering plants.

" However, Beckingham and Huntingford have a much higher opinion of Álvares testimony, stating that not only is it " incomparably more detailed than any earlier account of Ethiopia that has survived ; it is also a very important source for Ethiopian history, for it was written just before the country was devastated by the Muslim Somali and pagan Galla invasions of the second quarter of the sixteenth century.

It was not until the sixteenth century when the Dutch colonized Indonesia, constructing a more elaborate communication system, both within Indonesia and to other countries.

Peter Furhring, a specialist in the history of ornament, says that ( also in a French context ): The ornament known as moresque in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries ( but now more commonly called arabesque ) is characterized by bifurcated scrolls composed of branches forming interlaced foliage patterns.

The marriages he arranged for both of his children more successfully fulfilled the same goal, and after the turn of the sixteenth century, his matchmaking focused on his grandchildren, for whom he looked opposite France towards the east.

By the sixteenth century the growth of population and prosperity provided incentives for landowners to use their land in more profitable ways, dispossessing the peasantry.

He was soon seen as the ideal model by those disliking the excesses of Mannerism: the opinion ... was generally held in the middle of the sixteenth century that Raphael was the ideal balanced painter, universal in his talent, satisfying all the absolute standards, and obeying all the rules which were supposed to govern the arts, whereas Michelangelo was the eccentric genius, more brilliant than any other artists in his particular field, the drawing of the male nude, but unbalanced and lacking in certain qualities, such as grace and restraint, essential to the great artist.

One encounters Justice in the early-fifteenth-century moralities as a performer playing the role of a theological virtue or grace, and then one sees him develop to a more serious figure, occupying the position of an arbiter of justice during the sixteenth century.

As long as pikemen fought other pikemen, the halberd remained a useful supplemental weapon for " push of pike ", but when their position became more defensive, to protect the slow-loading arquebusiers and matchlock musketeers from sudden attacks by cavalry, the percentage of halberdiers in the pike units steadily decreased, until the halberd all but disappeared from these formations as a rank-and-file weapon by the middle of the sixteenth century.

She later ordered the construction of two more obelisks to celebrate her sixteenth year as pharaoh ; one of the obelisks broke during construction, and thus, a third was constructed to replace it.

Lewes is the birthplace of sixteenth century madrigalist Nicholas Yonge and more recently home in the 1960s to Charlie Watts of the Rolling Stones as it is now to other musicians, notably Herbie Flowers, Arthur Brown and Tim Rice-Oxley from Keane.

The sixteenth canon brackets the Christians who have committed bestiality, or may still have been doing so, into several different groups based on the offender's age, and assigns different penances to each group ; married men over 20 were sanctioned more harshly than unmarried youths, and married men over 50 received the harshest sanctions.

By the sixteenth century Assiswork had become more popular and employed a wider range of motifs, many based on Renaissance imagery of satyrs, demons and ancient mythical creatures.

According to Wölfflin, painters of the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries ( Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael or Albrecht Dürer ) are more linear than " painterly " Baroque painters of the seventeenth century ( Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, and Velázquez ) because they primarily use outline to create shape.

Through the sixteenth century, nearly half of all noble coats of arms in Poland had a field gules with one or more argent charges on them.

She later ordered the construction of two more obelisks to celebrate her sixteenth year as pharaoh ; one of the obelisks broke during construction, and thus, a third was constructed to replace it.

When, however, the patricians, in the sixteenth century, withdrew more and more from the plays, the plays, left to the lower classes, began to lose their serious and ( in spite of the comic traits ) dignified character.

Consists of works of the German, Flemish, Venetian, Lombard, Ligurian and more Italian and Spanish schools from the fifteenth, sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

In the end of 2007, more precisely on 5 December, B ’ z released their sixteenth album, Action.

During periods of political stability, such as the Burgundian Netherlands due to the great house of Charles the fifth, this was a center of cultural activity for more than two hundred years, although the exact centers shifted location during this time, and by the end of the sixteenth century the focal point of the Western musical world shifted from this region to Italy.

Ford left home to study in London, although more specific details are unclear — a sixteen-year-old John Ford of Devon was admitted to Exeter College, Oxford on 26 March 1601, but this was when the dramatist had not yet reached his sixteenth birthday.

In 2012, the sixteenth Annual Webby awards received 1. 5 million votes from more than 200 countries for the People's Voice awards.

The mystery surrounding its origin and its meaning make some ancient Celtic explanation quite desirable but recent study has shown that it was most likely created in the sixteenth or seventeenth centuries AD possibly posing more questions than it answers regarding its meaning.