That such deficiencies existed within Ptolemy's theory was not discovered de novo by Copernicus.

A credulousness, a distaste for documentation, an uncritical reliance on contemporary accounts, and a proneness to assume a theory as true before adequate proof was provided were all evidences of his failure to comprehend the use of the scientific method or to evaluate the responsibilities of the historian to his reading public.

J. T. Shotwell was appalled by such spurious history as that which attributed the fall of the Carolingian empire to the woolen trade, and he urged Adams to `` transform his essay into a real history, embodying not merely those facts which fit into his theory, but also the modifications and exceptions ''.

that theory was and is sound.

He proposed a fresh theory of alkalis which later was accepted in chemical practices.

It was not always easy to develop theory and doctrine which would square the two conditions.

In this connection, it might be noted that the theory of games was a mathematical discovery long before its uses in political science were exploited.

To find a place for them in their theory of knowledge would require them to revise the theory radically, and yet that theory was what they regarded as their most important discovery.

On the theory before us, such relief would be groundless, for in that suffering itself there was nothing bad at all, and hence in its nonoccurrence there would be nothing to be relieved about.

In these circumstances, since what was expressed by the remark when first made is, on the theory before us, simply absent, the remark now expresses nothing.

( P. 215 ) when corporate abuses were attacked, it was done on the theory that criminal penalties would be invoked rather than control.

Lincoln stated Douglas's popular sovereignty theory was a threat to the nation's morality and that Douglas represented a conspiracy to extend slavery to free states.

During the 1670s corpuscularianism was used by Isaac Newton in his development of the corpuscular theory of light.

( Despite common belief, he did not take a day from February ; see the debunked theory on month lengths ) According to a Senatus consultum quoted by Macrobius, he chose this month because it was the time of several of his great triumphs, including the conquest of Egypt.

" Karpov acknowledged that his understanding of chess theory was very confused at that time, and wrote later that the homework which Botvinnik assigned greatly helped him, since it required that he consult chess books and work diligently.

" The first well-known version of anarcho-capitalism was formulated by Austrian School economist and libertarian Murray Rothbard in the mid-twentieth century, synthesizing elements from the Austrian School of economics, classical liberalism, and nineteenth century American individualist anarchists Lysander Spooner and Benjamin Tucker ( rejecting their labor theory of value and the normative implications they derived from it ).

The prime evidence for this theory was provided by a descendant of Clarke.

It was the prospect of bowling at this line-up that caused England's 1932 – 33 captain Douglas Jardine to adopt the tactic of fast leg theory, also known as Bodyline.

Jardine insisted that the tactic was legitimate and called it " leg theory " but it was widely disparaged by its opponents, who dubbed it " Bodyline " ( from " on the line of the body ").

Confucianism was particularly strong during the Han Dynasty, whose greatest thinker was Dong Zhongshu, who integrated Confucianism with the thoughts of the Zhongshu School and the theory of the Five Elements.

At the beginning, it was considered a sort of Taoist sect, and there was even a theory about Laozi, founder of Taoism, who went to India and taught his philosophy to Buddha.

In 1987, he was awarded the National Medal of Technology: " For his forceful promotion of statistical methodology, for his contributions to sampling theory, and for his advocacy to corporations and nations of a general management philosophy that has resulted in improved product quality.

While in theory this was a promotion, probably it was not, as the pope was unhappy with Kilwardby's support of efforts to resist the payment of papal revenues and with the lack of effort towards the reforms demanded at the Second Council of Lyon in 1274.

The Australian Library and Information Association's highest honour that can be bestowed on an individual not eligible for membership of the Association is the Redmond Barry Award, awarded in recognition of outstanding service to or promotion of a library and information service or libraries and information services, or to the theory or practice of library and information science, or an associated field.

Binford is mainly known for his contributions to archaeological theory and his promotion of ethnoarchaeological research.

When a molecule cannot be represented by the standard tools of valence bond theory ( promotion, hybridisation, orbital overlap, sigma and π bond formation ) because no single structure predicted by VB can account for all the properties of the molecule, one invokes the concept of resonance.

In these units, neither recruitment nor promotion depended ( at least in theory ), on social status.

It is not easy to circumscribe the theory areas precisely and the ACM's Special Interest Group on Algorithms and Computation Theory ( SIGACT ) describes its mission as the promotion of theoretical computer science and notes:

Edward Lawler claims that the simplicity of expectancy theory is deceptive because it assumes that if an employer makes a reward, such as a financial bonus or promotion, enticing enough, employees will increase their productivity to obtain the reward.

In some countries, commanding officers may be of any commissioned rank ; usually there are more officers than command positions available, and time spent in command is generally a key aspect of promotion, so the role of commanding officer is highly valued, and in theory only goes to the best officers.

While at Columbia, Mitchill developed a fallacious theory of disease, which however resulted in his promotion of personal hygiene and better sanitation.

While generally providing a critique of social relations, much of feminist theory also focuses on analyzing gender inequality and the promotion of women's rights, interests, and issues.

According to MO theory, the central atom of penta-and hexacoordinated molecules would be sp < sup > 3 </ sup > d and sp < sup > 3 </ sup > d < sup > 2 </ sup > hybridized, which requires the promotion of central atom electrons to unoccupied d-orbitals.

Workers exhibiting a good work ethic in theory should be selected for better positions, more responsibility and ultimately promotion.

" Gordon thought the exhibit was hostile to Christianity and a promotion of Darwinism: " The Darwinian theory is absolutely opposed to Christianity, and a public demonstration in its favor should not be permitted.

Holt co-sponsored Arkansas House Bill 2548 in 2001, which would have required public schools to identify evolution as an unproven theory, and which would have prohibited the use of public funds for the promotion of evolution-related information as fact.

In theory the club could qualify for SPL promotion due to its use of Hampden Park, but they have not played in Scotland's top flight since the 1957 – 58 season.

Critical race theory has stirred controversy since the 1980s over such issues as its deviation from the ideal of colorblindness, promotion of the use of narrative in legal studies, advocacy of " legal instrumentalism " as opposed to ideal-driven uses of the law, analysis of the Constitution and existing law as constructed according to and perpetuating racial power, and encouraging legal scholars to be partial on the side of ending racial subordination.

Alexandria's objections to Constantinople's promotion, which led to a constant struggle between the two sees in the first half of the 5th century, were supported, at least until the Fourth Council of Constantinople of 869 – 870, by Rome, which proposed the theory that the most important sees were the three Petrine ones, with Rome in first place.

For many, the identity of the Council in the latter half of the 20th century would closely overlap the development of area studies and the promotion of modernization theory.

Evolutionary biologist and geneticist Theodosius Dobzhansky was highly critical of evolutionary ethics: " No theory of evolutionary ethics can be acceptable unless it gives a satisfactory explanation of just why the promotion of evolutionary development must be regarded as the summum bonum " and " even if the direction of evolution were demonstrated to be " good ", man is likely to prefer to be free rather than to be reasonable ".

However, Faith Wilding in her account of the first Cyberfeminist International listed several areas that were agreed upon as areas in which more research and further work was considered desirable, including: promotion of cyberfeminist artists theorists and speakers ; publishing of cyberfeminist theory and criticism ; cyberfeminist education projects ; creating coalitions with female technical professionals ; and creating new self-representations and avatars that “ disrupt and recode the gender biases usual in current commercially available ones ”.