He established the consistent use of the chemical balance, used oxygen to overthrow the phlogiston theory, and developed a new system of chemical nomenclature which held that oxygen was an essential constituent of all acids ( which later turned out to be erroneous ).

But, because the writer had an incomplete and erroneous view of historical details in the second half of the sixth century, Daniel ’ s era, such imbalances support the theory of a late date of writing.

** Most forms of cognitivism hold that some such propositions are true, as opposed to error theory, which asserts that all are erroneous.

While also refining Galen's erroneous theory of the pulse, Avicenna provided the first correct explanation of pulsation: " Every beat of the pulse comprises two movements and two pauses.

When he contracted both syphilis and gonorrhea, he claimed it proved his erroneous theory that they were the same underlying venereal disease.

Outlier points can therefore indicate faulty data, erroneous procedures, or areas where a certain theory might not be valid.

:" I adopted the term " hypnotism " to prevent my being confounded with those who entertain those extreme notions that a mesmeriser's will has an " irresistible power … over his subjects " and that clairvoyance and other " higher phenomena " are routinely manifested by those in the mesmeric state, as well as to get rid of the erroneous theory about a magnetic fluid, or exoteric influence of any description being the cause of the sleep.

Avram Davidson proposed the theory that Hyperborea was derived from a logical ( though erroneous ) explanation by the Greeks for the insects, which apparently originated in a warm climate, found embedded inside the amber arriving in their cities from cold northern countries.

His theory, for example, that the blood carried the pneuma, or life spirit, which gave it its red colour, coupled with the erroneous notion that the blood passed through a porous wall between the ventricles of the heart, delayed the understanding of circulation and did much to discourage research in physiology.

One theory is that the erroneous information may have originated from a misunderstanding of the concept Meters of Head in relation to the development of the Espeland river for hydropower.

They also resulted in an erroneous assumption of a fictional planet Vulcan within the orbit of Mercury ( but the explanation of the precession of Mercury's orbit by Einstein is considered one of the triumphs of his general relativity theory ).

However, the erroneous dating became intertwined with numerous episodes of Scandinavian intrigue, as the theory was elaborated to serve a variety of agendas of kings and nobles prior to its redating.

Joyce in his The Origin and History of Irish Names of Places, published in Dublin in 1871, dismisses as erroneous and an invention of later times, the theory that the Irish name for Buttevant meant the Church of the Curse, and cites the Four Masters noting that a Franciscan Friary was founded at Cill na Mullach in 1251.

A romantic, if erroneous, theory is that the folly is in fact a medieval watchtower, a tale which has been further embellished by a few fanciful locals who insist that it may have been the holding place for Anne Boleyn on her journey from Hever Castle to London for her trial and execution.

According to Fallmerayer, the Mongol suzerainty accepted by Manuel I ended at the death of Hulagu Khan in 1265, but this theory is disputed and probably erroneous in view of subsequent events and the deposition of his successor George.

However, the surface temperature gradient can produce erroneous vapor-pressure measurements for the bulk liquid helium unless precautions are taken to isolate the tube ( which passes through the surface to the vapor pressure bulb ) from the liquid helium surface.

All these phenomena, molecular absorption and radiation scattering, can result in artificially high absorption and an improperly high ( erroneous ) calculation for the concentration or mass of the analyte in the sample.

It was most popular in the early days of computing, but applies even more today, when powerful computers can spew out mountains of erroneous information in a short time.

Investigators doing in vitro work must be careful to avoid over-interpretation of their results, which can sometimes lead to erroneous conclusions about organismal and systems biology.

* Automatic learning procedures can make use of statistical inference algorithms to produce models that are robust to unfamiliar input ( e. g. containing words or structures that have not been seen before ) and to erroneous input ( e. g. with misspelled words or words accidentally omitted ).

It can also result in erroneous scientific support for widely held cultural myths, for example the scientific racism that supported ideas of racial superiority in the early 20th century, and creation science today.

An erroneous precedent may at first be only slightly inconsistent with the Constitution, and then this error in interpretation can be propagated and increased by further precedent until a result is obtained that is greatly different from the original understanding of the Constitution.

There is little evidence on the subject of Ptolemy's ancestry, apart from what can be drawn from the details of his name ( see above ); however modern scholars refer to Abu Ma ’ shar ’ s account as erroneous, and it is no longer doubted that the astronomer who wrote the Almagest also wrote the Tetrabiblos as its astrological counterpart.

" Gravy " is an erroneous English translation from the Italian sugo which means juice, but can also mean sauce ( as in sugo per pastasciutta ).

Hence, Dr. Gould dismissed the IQ number as an erroneous artifact of the statistical mathematics applied to the raw IQ-test data ; especially because psychometric data can be variously analyzed to produce multiple IQ scores.

That is to say, erroneous beliefs about the observable world can be proven wrong and corrected by other observations.

Free distance can be interpreted as the minimal length of an erroneous " burst " at the output of a convolutional decoder.

By adding t check symbols to the data, an RS code can detect any combination of up to t erroneous symbols, and correct up to ⌊ t / 2 ⌋ symbols.

For instance, in some state courts the prosecution can lodge an appeal after a defendant is acquitted: although the appellate court cannot set aside a not-guilty verdict due to double jeopardy, it can issue a ruling as to whether a trial court's ruling on a particular issue during the trial was erroneous.

Further, RAIDs are fragile and can be rendered useless by one erroneous hit on the controller.

However, jokes also can have an element of misunderstanding: This parody is the shortest possible example of an erroneous recursive definition of an object, the error being the absence of the termination condition ( or lack of the initial state, if looked at from an opposite point of view ).

The Global Positioning System uses signals at 1575. 42 MHz ( L1 ) and 1227. 6 MHz ( L2 ) which can be distorted by a disturbed ionosphere and a receiver computes an erroneous position or fails to compute any position.

Flow meters in the pipeline can transmit erroneous flow information, and the corrosion rate of the pipeline is dramatically increased.

It is required, therefore, that the critic can distinguish erroneous readings from correct ones.

Nevertheless, despite one's best effort, " t can happen that moral conscience remains in ignorance and makes erroneous judgments about acts to be performed or already committed ...

Certainly this is equivalent to a renunciation of a positive conception of the Divine Being ; for negative statements may suffice to prevent erroneous ideas, but a positive knowledge can never be obtained through them alone ( ib.

Above the Arctic Circle, from the spring equinox to the autumnal equinox ( depending on latitude ), the sun can shine for 24 hours a day ; at the extreme ( that is, the Pole ), it rises and sets only once a year, possibly leading to the erroneous conclusion that a " day " for such persons is a year long, and therefore that living a thousand days would be the same as living a thousand years.

There is also an element of risk, in that if a certain attempt at a solution is extremely erroneous, it can produce disastrous results that may or may not be repairable.

The appellate court will typically be deferential to the lower court's findings of fact ( such as whether a defendant committed a particular act ), unless clearly erroneous, and so will focus on the court's application of the law to those facts ( such as whether the act found by the court to have occurred fits a legal definition at issue ).

" Their doctrines have numerous resemblances to those of the Bogomils and the earlier Paulicians as well as the Manicheans and the Christian Gnostics of the first few centuries AD, although, as many scholars, most notably Mark Pegg, have pointed out, it would be erroneous to extrapolate direct, historical connections based on theoretical similarities perceived by modern scholars.

Gambler's fallacy arises out of a belief in the law of small numbers, or the erroneous belief that small samples must be representative of the larger population.

A biased sample causes problems because any statistic computed from that sample has the potential to be consistently erroneous.

# Kenji Tokitsu prefers to assume a birth date of 1581, which avoids the necessity of assuming the tombstone to be erroneous ( although this poses the problem of from whom then Musashi received the transmission of the family martial art ).

He came to the erroneous conclusion that they might be composed of a single type of ( very large ) molecule.

Augustine begins the book by asking why " the power of eloquence, which is so efficacious in pleading either for the erroneous cause or the right ", should not be used for righteous purposes ( IV. 3 ).

In 1616, the Roman Inquisition's consultants gave their assessment of the proposition that the Sun is immobile and at the center of the universe and that the Earth moves around it, judging both to be " foolish and absurd in philosophy " and that the first was " formally heretical " while the second was " at least erroneous in faith ".

The answer might be given as an erroneous imaginary number instead of approximately 0. 5 as a real number.

A state's consent may be invalidated if there was an erroneous understanding of a fact or situation at the time of conclusion, which formed the " essential basis " of the state's consent.

ways to instill it would be Dehumanization, mostly by propaganda, for example: a video containing group members shown distorted, erroneous, and in proportional phases of horror sounding.

He was summoned again before the Court in July to answer for " erroneous " and " dangerous opinions ", and the Court declared that he should be removed from his church position.

It may also be an erroneous attempt to reveal a truth.

This practice also ensures that, in case of a fault in the signalling system, an incapacitated signalman, or the unexpected entry of a train, that a train will never be shown an erroneous " clear " signal.

This second reconstruction also exchanged the front and rear ends of the creature, which further investigation showed to be erroneous.

* The seven tribes of the Magyars settle in the Carpathian Basin under the leadership of Árpád ( The traditional date of 896 held during the 20th century has proved to be erroneous ).

A good-faith belief that a law is unjust or unconstitutional is no excuse, but " reasonable compliance upon an official statement of law, afterward determined to be invalid or erroneous " does not constitute a criminal act.