During the period c. 500-450 BC, the tin deposits seem to have become more important, and fortified settlements appear such as at Chun Castle and Kenidjack Castle, to protect both the tin smelters and mines.

In England, in the Anglo-Saxon period, Shires were established as areas used for the raising of taxes, and usually had a fortified town at their centre.

In antiquity, a Celtic oppidum stood on the “ Engehalbinsel ” north of Bern, fortified since the 2nd century BC ( late La Tène period ), thought to be one of the twelve oppida of the Helvetii mentioned by Caesar.

During the period of the Israelite Judges, Sisera commanded nine hundred iron chariots and oppressed the Israelites for twenty years from Harosheth Haggoyim, a fortified cavalry base.

After the collapse of Roman power the town seems to have been abandoned, but a fortified settlement from the Visigothic period has been excavated on the nearby Puig Rom.

The troubled 14th and 15th centuries were reason enough for the town to strengthen its fortifications, which still give the old part of the city its fortified character, and Langres entered a period of royal tutelage.

Posidonius fortified the Stoicism of the middle period with contemporary learning.

After the defeat of the English by Philip II, the fief returned to a descendant of the Berlay le Vieux family Sir of Bellay, Guillaume de Melun, during this period the fief went under a big renovation by the creation of high massive walls construction including 13 interlocking towers, with entry only via a fortified gateway and the name was anglicized from Barley to Balley.

Etruscan remains establish that the acropolis of San Cornelio, a small hill next to that of San Donatus, was occupied and fortified in the Etruscan period.

During the period of the Viking invasions it would seem that there was a relatively important fortified site ( see the Vita Berlindis ) in Asse.

Around the end of the Roman era and at the beginning of the Merovingian period, the hamlet had become a fortified stronghold, then known as Héristal.

That unstable period was marked by the rule of Prince Lazar's son, despot Stefan Lazarević, a true European-style knight and a poet ; and his cousin Đurađ Branković, who moved the capital north to the newly built fortified town of Smederevo.

The romantic temperament of the young Irishman found congenial soil in the wild surroundings of unexplored Canadian forests, and his enthusiasm for a life closer to nature may have been fortified by study of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's writings, for which at a later period Lord Edward expressed his admiration.

This route had been fortified in the intervening period, and senior leaders feared much more substantial resistance than during the prior encounter.

During this period it became heavily fortified.

Both Muscat, in particular " Brown Muscat ", and Muscadelle ( under the name " Tokay ") are made into long-lived, sweet fortified wines, which are often bottled after an extended period of barrel aging.

Sarushima was one of the locations fortified with coastal artillery during the Bakumatsu period and was subsequently incorporated into the Tokyo Bay Fortress during the Meiji period.

In this period many Saxon churches, and later the Székely churches of the Ciuc region, were fortified, which gave local architecture a distinctive appearance.

During the classical period, Athens was fortified to the north by the fortress of Eleutherae, which is preserved in an almost perfect condition.

On the area of later Devín caste one finds important clues to final period of Bronze Age ( Podoli Culture ), when a fortified settlement arose on the strategic place: rock-cliff over river Morava joining river Danube.

It was also a post town ( fortified during the Sengoku period ) on the primary route connecting Suruga with Kai Province.

In the central Hallstatt regions toward the end of the period, very rich graves of high-status individuals under large tumuli are found near the remains of fortified hilltop settlements.

By the emergence of Temasek as a fortified city and trading centre in the 14th century, the Srivijaya empire was in a long period of decline.

Local Māori were the target of raids by Ngāpuhi during the Musket Wars, and several pā sites from this period can still be found beside the Waikato River. In December 2011 several rua or food storage pits were found near the Waikato River bank, close to the Waikato museum.

Simpler gunfighter pā of the post contact period could be put in place in very limited time scales, sometimes two to fifteen days, but the more complex classic constructions took months of hard labour, and were often rebuilt and improved over many years.

He became particularly interested in graduating and precision measurement during the 1840's, and his thinking along these lines developed considerably during this period.

the company became `` J. R. Brown & Sharpe '', and entered into a new and important period of its development.

But it soon became clear that the search for eighteenth-century furniture ( which Mrs. Kennedy feels is the proper period for the White House ) must be pursued in places other than government storage rooms.

Starting with the 7th Academy Awards, held in 1935, the period of eligibility became the full previous calendar year from January 1 to December 31.

From the mid 1980s, Algerian cinema began to go through a long period of lethargy where major productions became rare.

Apollo became extremely important to the Greek world as an oracular deity in the archaic period, and the frequency of theophoric names such as Apollodorus or Apollonios and cities named Apollonia testify to his popularity.

By contrast, the cursive developed out of the Nabataean alphabet in the same period soon became the standard for writing Arabic, evolving into the Arabic alphabet as it stood by the time of the early spread of Islam.

Much of the Alpine culture is unchanged since the medieval period when skills that guaranteed survival in the mountain valleys and in the highest villages became mainstays, leading to strong traditions of carpentry, woodcarving, baking and pastry-making, and cheesemaking.

During this period winter sports were slowly introduced: in 1882 the first figure skating championship was held in St. Moritz, and downhill skiing became a trendy sport with English visitors early in the 20th century, as the first ski-lift was installed in 1908 above Grindelwald.

During the post-World War I period ski-lifts were built in Swiss and Austrian towns to accommodate winter visitors, but summer tourism continued to be important ; by the mid-20th century the popularity of downhill skiing increased greatly as it became more accessible and in the 1970s several new villages were built in France devoted almost exclusively to skiing, such a Les Menuires.

In this later period, the Pueblo II became more self-contained, decreasing trade and interaction with more distant communities.

Minimization of punctuation in typewritten material became economically desirable in the 1960s and 1970s for the many users of carbon-film ribbons, since a period or comma consumed the same length of non-reusable expensive ribbon as did a capital letter.

No larger settlements, however, have been found to have existed in this remote rural area, located at least 15 km from the nearest road even in Roman times, up to the early medieval period when the place is mentioned as a king's mansion for the first time, not long before Charlemagne became ruler of the Germanic Franks.

During the Tokugawa period ( 1600 – 1868 ) the Ainu became increasingly involved in trade with Japanese who controlled the southern portion of the island that is now called Hokkaido.

Throughout this period Ainu became increasingly dependent on goods imported by Japanese, and suffered from epidemic diseases such as smallpox.

During the Akkadian period, the Akkadian language became the lingua franca of the Middle East, and was officially used for administration, although the Sumerian language remained as a spoken and literary language.

The 1830 – 1850 period later became known as the era of Jacksonian democracy.

Later, in the fourth century AD Amasus became the see of a Christian bishop and continued to flourish until the Byzantine period.

One of the most successful designs of this period was the Douglas DC-3, which became the first airliner that was profitable carrying passengers exclusively, starting the modern era of passenger airline service.

It was known as Asuristan during this period, and became a main centre of the Church of the East ( now the Assyrian Church of the East ), with a flourishing Syriac ( Assyrian ) Christian culture which exists there to this day.

In the Neo-Assyrian period the Aramaic language became increasingly common, more so than Akkadian — this was thought to be largely due to the mass deportations undertaken by Assyrian kings, in which large Aramaic-speaking populations, conquered by the Assyrians, were relocated to Assyria and interbred with the Assyrians.

Soon the little shop became much too small and they moved to a much larger factory building nearby ( formerly a window glass factory ), and started mass producing the Aster for a period of a few years, in which time its staff grew twentyfold.

With the development of effective anti-aircraft artillery in the period before the Second World War, military pilots, once the " knights of the air " during the First World War, became far more vulnerable to ground fire.

During this period the Muslim world became an intellectual centre for science, philosophy, medicine and education as the Abbasids championed the cause of knowledge and established the " House of Wisdom " ( Arabic: بيت الحكمة ) in Baghdad.

It was founded by the Carthaginians as a trading station, and after a period of decline became under the Romans one of the more important towns in the province of Hispania Baetica.