Examples of cognates in Indo-European languages are the words night ( English ), nuit ( French ), Nacht ( German ), nacht ( Dutch ), nag ( Afrikaans ), nicht ( Scots ), natt ( Swedish, Norwegian ), nat ( Danish ), nátt ( Faroese ), nótt ( Icelandic ), noc ( Czech, Slovak, Polish ), ночь, noch ( Russian ), ноќ, noć ( Macedonian ), нощ, nosht ( Bulgarian ), ніч, nich ( Ukrainian ), ноч, noch / noč ( Belarusian ), noč ( Slovene ), noć ( Serbo-Croatian ), νύξ, nyx ( Ancient Greek, νύχτα / nyhta in Modern Greek ), nox ( Latin ), nakt-( Sanskrit ), natë ( Albanian ), noche ( Spanish ), nos ( Welsh ), nueche ( Asturian ), noite ( Portuguese and Galician ), notte ( Italian ), nit ( Catalan ), noapte ( Romanian ), nakts ( Latvian ) and naktis ( Lithuanian ), all meaning " night " and derived from the Proto-Indo-European ( PIE ), " night ".

During his reign the words " Scots " and " Scotland " () are first used to mean part of what is now Scotland.

The Lake of Menteith, an Anglicisation of the Scots Laich o Menteith meaning a " low-lying bit of land in Menteith ", and applied to the loch there because of the similarity of the sounds of the words laich and lake.

The word tor ( Cornish tor, Old Welsh twrr, Modern Welsh tŵr, Scots Gaelic tòrr ), meaning hill, is notable for being one of the very few Celtic loanwords to be borrowed into vernacular English before the modern era – such borrowings are mainly words of a geographic or topographical nature.

Consequently, some Lowland Scots words have a z in place of a yogh.

Scots also includes loan words resulting from contact with Gaelic.

The use of " Scots " and " Scottish " is not altogether consistent ; but in most words and phrases referring to Scotland's people one or the other is normally used: there is a certain tendency for " Scottish " to be used in more formal contexts.

Related words include the Gaelic caileag (' young woman ', ' girl ') and the Lowland Scots carline / carlin (' old woman ', ' witch ').

This was intended as a classical, standard Scots for a world-class literature, although it was more often than not Scots words grafted on to a standard English grammatical structure somewhat removed from traditional spoken Scots, its main practitioners not being habitual Lowland Scots speakers themselves.

The binomial name derives from two Latin words, turdus, " thrush ", and merula, " blackbird ", the latter giving rise to its French name, merle, and its Scots name, merl.

It is coincidence that, in Lowland Scots the words " gang green " ( go green ) can be said to be an eggcorn for gangrene, as it describes the symptoms of the affliction.

This causes problems for those translating the series into other languages, where a literal translation of the words ' Danger ' and ' Mouse ' do not have those initials ; the Scots Gaelic version, for example, calls the series ( and the lead ) Donnie Murdo ( two given names unconnected either with mice or danger ).

The words " seely " ( with other forms being seily, seelie and sealy ) and " unseely " are Scots, Northern and Middle English terms meaning " happy ", " lucky " or " blessed " and " unhappy ", " misfortunate " or " unholy ," respectively.

The word could also be linked to many similar words in other European languages: bogle ( Scots ), boeman ( Dutch ), busemann ( Norwegian ), bøhmand ( Danish ), bòcan, púca, pooka or pookha ( Irish ), pwca, bwga or bwgan ( Welsh ), puki ( Old Norse ), pixie or piskie ( Cornish ), puck ( English ), bogu ( Slavonic ), buka ( Russian, бука ), bauk ( Serbian ), baubas ( Lithuanian ), baubau ( Romanian ), babau ( Italian ), bobo ( Polish ), sarronco ( Portuguese ), torbalan ( Bulgarian ), Μπαμπούλας ( Greek ).

One such theory is that the name was originally used in reference to Loudoun Hill, being a combination of two Scots words law and dun, which roughly translates as Firehill.

In these repeated strips, some particularly Scots words were replaced ( e. g., ' ahint ' became ' behind ') and the pre-decimal coinage was updated.

Several relics were found during the draining, one of them being a sceptre, " apparently of cane, hilted with ivory, and mounted with silver, upon which ... were the letters of the words, " Mary, Queen of Scots ," found near the Mary Knowe, where she is supposed to have landed after her escape from the castle.

This gave him the idea of bringing out a collection of Scots songs with new accompaniments and respectable words.

I would have those words translated into all languages, so that not only Scots and Irishmen, but Turks and Saracens might read them.

For example, the Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America ( RPCNA ) produced psalm books based on the Scots Metrical Psalter, with the intention of making the words more modern and the translation more accurate.

The Reformed Presbyterian Church of Ireland, however, produced a split leaf version of the Scots Metrical Psalter, but with additional " Alternative versions " of the words included as the second half of the book.

The song is mentioned in The Scots Musical Museum as The flowres of the Forrest, and the air ( or tune ) apparently survived, but several versions of the words were written down later, the most usual being by Jean Elliot published about 1755-see links below.

In certain obscure magical writings of Egyptian origin ἀβραξάς or ἀβρασάξ is found associated with other names which frequently accompany it on gems ; it is also found on the Greek metal tesseræ among other mystic words.

Although Afrikaans adopted words from languages such as Malay, Portuguese, the Bantu languages, and the Khoisan languages, an estimated 90 to 95 percent of Afrikaans vocabulary is ultimately of Dutch origin.

Category: English words and phrases of foreign origin

The current Romance language spoken, Galego, has many words of Celtic origin and is the ancestor of the Portuguese language used mainly in Brazil and Portugal.

The censors ' regulation of public morality is the origin of the modern meaning of the words " censor " and " censorship.

In linguistics, cognates are words that have a common etymological origin.

False cognates are words that are commonly thought to be related ( have a common origin ) whereas linguistic examination reveals they are unrelated.

False cognates arise in the same way as false or folk etymology, spurious explanations for the origin of words.

The construction involves replacing a common word with a rhyming phrase of two or three words and then, in almost all cases, omitting the secondary rhyming word, in a process called hemiteleia, making the origin and meaning of the phrase elusive to listeners not in the know.

The use of rhyming slang has spread beyond the purely dialectal and some examples are to be found in the mainstream British English lexicon and internationally, although many users may be unaware of the origin of those words.

( In these examples and many subsequent ones the final step of hemiteleia has been omitted in order to allow the reader more readily to trace the origin of the substituted words ).

The study of placenames is called toponymy, while that of the origin and historical usage of placenames as words is etymology.

In other words, the apparent velocity in the rotating frame is altered by the amount of the apparent rotation at each point, which is perpendicular to both the vector from the origin and the axis of rotation and directly proportional in magnitude to each of them.

There are also numerous words of Genoese and Ponzese origin.

The first steps toward the modern restaurant were locations that offered restorative bouillons, or restaurants – these words being the origin of the name " restaurant ".

The term should be distinguished from " false cognates ", which are similar words in different languages that appear to have a common historical linguistic origin ( whatever their current meaning ) but actually do not.

Demand in English and demande in French or domanda in Italian are representative of a particularly treacherous sort of false friend, in which – despite a common origin – the words have differently shaded meanings.

An estimated 12 % of the English vocabulary has Greek origin, while numerous Greek words have English derivatives.

The Treasury Department subsequently stated that the country of origin markings of goods from the West Bank and Gaza shall not contain the words " Israel ", " Made in Israel ", " Occupied Territories-Israel ", or words of similar meaning.

In some words of French origin, the " soft G " is pronounced as a fricative (), as in rouge, beige, and genre.

In words of Romance origin, ⟨ g ⟩ is usually soft before ⟨ e ⟩, ⟨ i ⟩, and ⟨ y ⟩ and hard otherwise, although it is soft in algae, gaol, and an alternate pronunciation of vegan.

There are many English words of non-Romance origin where ⟨ g ⟩ is hard though followed by ⟨ e ⟩ or ⟨ i ⟩ ( e. g. get, gift ), and a few in which ⟨ g ⟩ is soft though followed by ⟨ a ⟩ ( margarine ).

Danish and Norwegian settlement made enough of an impact to leave significant traces in the English language ; many fundamental words in modern English are derived from Old Norse, though of the 100 most used words in English the vast majority are Old English in origin.