Inefficiency comes not just from the fact that the device is always conducting to some extent ( that happens even with class AB, yet its efficiency can be close to that of class B ); it is that the standing current is roughly half the maximum output current ( although this can be less with square law output stage ), together with the problem that a large part of the power supply voltage is developed across the output device at low signal levels ( as with classes AB and B, but unlike output stages such as class D ).

Inefficiency in the public sector has been rising however at a gradual pace ; external resistance to developing the country's richest natural resources is mounting ; and power sectors including infrastructure have all contributed to slowing economic growth.

# Inefficiency — Some idling power is wasted as the power supply is left running when the equipment power switch is off or the equipment is disconnected from the power supply.

* Inefficiency: in the latter situation people who may not need milk cannot get something of equivalent value ( without subsequently trading or selling the milk ).

Phlogiston remained the dominant theory until Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier showed that combustion requires a gas that has weight ( oxygen ) and could be measured by means of weighing closed vessels.

As an overview, to drive a vehicle weighing more than for commercial purposes requires a specialist licence ( the type varies depending on the use of the vehicle and number of seats ).

Eugenio B. Gutierrez was elected Mayor on March 3, 1980, having anticipated what the LAM requires for further development ,- Mayor Gutierrez expanded the LAM area by swapping lots owned by the Lingao's for unused municipal lands ; another weighing scale was added ; large size steel tubing was used to enclose the LAM perimeter.

* Weight: a bus which can carry 20 persons and has a range of 20 km requires a flywheel weighing three tonnes.

Ultimately, responsible officials must make judgments on these matters, sometimes using intuition and scientifically weighing alternatives as the situation requires and permits.

Determining how much insurance to get, at the most cost effective terms requires knowledge of the market for personal insurance.

Major reasons to accumulate assets include, purchasing a house or car, starting a business, paying for education expenses, and saving for retirement .< p > Achieving these goals requires projecting what they will cost, and when you need to withdraw funds.

Major disadvantages of intensive / flexible therapy are that it requires greater amounts of education and effort to achieve the goals, and it substantially increases the daily cost of diabetes care.

* The system requires near-constant availability, so it cannot be taken out of service, and the cost of designing a new system with a similar availability level is high.

In equilibrium these prices must equal the respective marginal costs MC < sub > 1 </ sub > and MC < sub > 2 </ sub >; remember that marginal cost equals factor ' price ' divided by factor marginal productivity ( because increasing the production of good by one very small unit through an increase of the employment of factor j requires increasing the factor employment by 1 / MP < sub > ji </ sub > and thus increasing the cost by w < sub > j </ sub >/ MP < sub > ji </ sub >, and through the condition of cost minimization that marginal products must be proportional to factor ' prices ' it can be shown that the cost increase is the same if the output increase is obtained by optimally varying all factors ).

However, this support for heterogeneity has a major cost: it requires correct reference count management by all parties involved.

Designing transformers for lower loss requires a larger core, good-quality silicon steel, or even amorphous steel for the core and thicker wire, increasing initial cost so that there is a trade-off between initial cost and running cost ( also see energy efficient transformer ).

Moving an object up an inclined plane requires less force than lifting it straight up, at a cost of an increase in the distance moved.

The " cost " of a defined benefit plan is not easily calculated, and requires an actuary or actuarial software.

It has reduced erase and write times, and requires less chip area per cell, thus allowing greater storage density and lower cost per bit than NOR flash ; it also has up to ten times the endurance of NOR flash.

Often printers with soft plastic drums can have a very high cost of ownership that does not become apparent until the drum requires replacement.

* increasingly in specialist scientific magnets, particularly where size and electricity consumption are critical ( while HTS wire is much more expensive than LTS in these applications, this can be offset by the relative cost and convenience of cooling ); the ability to ramp field is desired ( the higher and wider range of HTS's operating temperature means faster changes in field can be managed ); or cryogen free operation is desired ( LTS generally requires liquid helium that is becoming more scarce and expensive ).

While these considerations may be directed toward any building, achieving an ideal optimized cost / performance solution requires careful, holistic, system integration engineering of these scientific principles.

Ground source heat pumps are simpler and more reliable than air source heat pumps-they do not need fan systems or defrosting systems and can be housed inside-but the need for a ground heat exchanger requires a higher initial capital cost in exchange for lower annual running costs as well-designed ground source heat pump systems enjoy a more efficient operation.

Next G uses the 850 MHz band, since it requires fewer base stations to provide coverage, providing a lower capital cost.

However, sometimes samples containing pure enantiomers may be made and sold at a higher cost in cases where the use requires specifically one isomer ( e. g., for a stereospecific reagent ); compare omeprazole and esomeprazole.

The physical capital maintenance concept requires the adoption of the current cost basis of measurement.

If the price of the tickets rises to an amount that requires him to pay more than the value he places on them, he should figure the change in prospective cost into the decision-making and re-evaluate his decision.

This is because protein folding requires entropic cost.

Carter writes that integrity requires three steps: " discerning what is right and what is wrong ; acting on what you have discerned, even at personal cost ; and saying openly that you are acting on your understanding of right from wrong.

There are complications, and the technique requires careful preparation and a level of skill and experience above that required for a single anchor.

It's a court procedure required by the debtor which has been in business for more than two years and requires approval by a judge.

The US FDA requires the use of the standard on June 30, 2013, while Health Canada recently extended the required date from June 2012 to April 2013.

Where an extractor requires that every event gets the same probability under the uniform distribution and the extracted distribution, only the latter is required for a disperser.

When an application makes a request that requires a domain name lookup, such programs send a resolution request to the DNS resolver in the local operating system, which in turn handles the communications required.

However, often, the required output signal is another analog output signal, which requires a digital-to-analog converter ( DAC ).

Type checking is not required as the function will work with any sequence of data of any type and requires no external libraries.

Its present canon law requires that an ecumenical council be convoked and presided over, either personally or through a delegate, by the Pope, who is also to decide the agenda ; but the church makes no claim that all past ecumenical councils observed these present rules, declaring only that the Pope's confirmation or at least recognition has always been required, and saying that the version of the Nicene Creed adopted at the First Council of Constantinople ( 381 ) was accepted by the Church of Rome only seventy years later, in 451.

It requires the possibility of naturalisation, and provides that the period of residence required for eligibility cannot be more than ten years lawful and habitual residence.

This is because each step in the shift operation of a ternary heap requires three comparisons and one swap, whereas in a binary heap two comparisons and one swap are required.

Exchanging traffic between the two networks requires special translator gateways, but this is not generally required, since most computer operating systems and software implement both protocols for transparent access to both networks, either natively or using a tunneling protocol like 6to4, 6in4, or Teredo.

A manic episode is defined in the American Psychiatric Association's diagnostic manual as a period of seven or more days ( or any period if admission to hospital is required ) of unusually and continuously effusive and open elated or irritable mood, where the mood is not caused by drugs / medication or a medical illness ( e. g., hyperthyroidism ), and ( a ) is causing obvious difficulties at work or in social relationships and activities, or ( b ) requires admission to hospital to protect the person or others, or ( c ) the person is suffering psychosis.

The analysis so far has been two dimensional ; it turns out that an unperturbed orbit is two-dimensional in a plane fixed in space, and thus the extension to three dimensions requires simply rotating the two-dimensional plane into the required angle relative to the poles of the planetary body involved.

Instead, it requires that students demonstrate that they have learned the required skills and content.

The association of the 19S and 20S particles requires the binding of ATP to the 19S ATPase subunits, and ATP hydrolysis is required for the assembled complex to degrade folded and ubiquitinated proteins.

Note that only the step of substrate unfolding requires energy from ATP hydrolysis, while ATP-binding alone can support all the other steps required for protein degradation ( e. g., complex assembly, gate opening, translocation, and proteolysis ).

Formation of a public limited company requires a minimum of two directors ( differing from country to country: in India three directors are required ).

The equation is monochromatic, so color radiosity rendering requires calculation for each of the required colors.

The typical RTTY signal with 170 Hz shift at 45. 45 baud requires around 250 Hz receiver bandwidth, over double that required by PSK31.

This requires pulling the tiller to windward ( i. e. ' to weather '), or turning the wheel leeward, in order to counteract the effect and maintain the required course.

Efficiency in cross-country skiing depends on keeping the skis narrow to reduce drag, and thus requires them to be very long in order to produce the required amount of float.

In order to analyze how much time and space a given algorithm requires, computer scientists express the time or space required to solve the problem as a function of the size of the input problem.

In this assembly line fashion, any one instruction still requires as long to complete, but as soon as it finishes executing, the next instruction is right behind it, with most of the steps required for its execution already completed.

Pressure dependence of water melting pointNot only is heat required to raise the temperature of the solid to the melting point, but the melting itself requires heat called the heat of fusion.

DDD requires more digits in the number dialed than are required for calling within the local area or area code.