Infrared astronomy is the branch of astronomy and astrophysics that studies astronomical objects visible in infrared ( IR ) radiation.

Infrared astronomy began in the 1830s, a few decades after the discovery of infrared light by William Herschel in 1800.

Infrared and optical astronomy are often practiced using the same telescopes, as the same mirrors or lenses are usually effective over a wavelength range that includes both visible and infrared light.

Infrared astronomy has also been used to assess the composition of solid materials in the interstellar medium, including silicates, kerogen-like carbon-rich solids, and ices.

Notable examples of bolometers employed in submillimeter astronomy include the Herschel Space Observatory, the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope, and the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy ( SOFIA ).

* Infrared astronomy

* Infrared astronomy studies radiation with a wavelength that is too long to be visible to the naked eye but is shorter than radio waves.

Such cameras are often tuned for non-visible radiation for Infrared photography ( for night vision and heat sensing ) or X-ray ( for medical and video astronomy use ).

* Infrared astronomy deals with the detection and analysis of infrared radiation ( this typically refers to wavelengths longer than the detection limit of silicon solid-state detectors, about 1 μm wavelength ).

# REDIRECT Infrared astronomy

The Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer ( NICMOS ) is a scientific instrument for infrared astronomy, installed on the Hubble Space Telescope ( HST ), operating from 1997 to 1999, and from 2002 to 2008.

* Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer, a scientific instrument for infrared astronomy

The NASA Infrared Telescope Facility ( NASA IRTF ) is a telescope optimized for use in infrared astronomy and located at the Mauna Kea Observatory in Hawai ' i. It was first built to support the Voyager missions and is now the USA national facility for infrared astronomy, providing continued support to planetary, solar neighborhood, and deep space applications.

Infrared radiation in the spectral distribution of a black body is usually considered a form of heat, since it has an equivalent temperature, and is associated with an entropy change per unit of thermal energy.

Infrared Data Association ( IrDA ) uses infrared light, which has a frequency below the human eye's sensitivity.

Infrared technology is low-cost and has the advantage of being allowed aboard.

The high data speeds of UMTS are now most often utilised for Internet access: experience in Japan and elsewhere has shown that user demand for video calls is not high, and telco-provided audio / video content has declined in popularity in favour of high-speed access to the World Wide Web — either directly on a handset or connected to a computer via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Infrared or USB.

Since 2003, Bahrain has been granted over $ 100 million in Foreign Military Funding to pay for various high profile weapons systems, to include an AN / TPS-59 ( v ) 3B Early Warning Radar, Large Aircraft Infrared Countermeasures ( LAIRCM ), Air-to-Air Missile Avoidance System for the King's Plane ( Boeing 747-400 ), as well as an Avenger Air Defense Vehicle.

Infrared observation has shown there are no bodies of three or more Jupiter masses in this system.

Efke's Infrared Film, sold under the brand name Efke IR820 is currently the only infrared film manufactured that has good IR sensitivity beyond 750nm extending out to 820nm.

However, a new system called Airborne Volcanic Object Infrared Detector ( AVOID ) has recently been developed by Nicarnica Aviation, a daughter company of the Norwegian Institute for Air Research, which will allow pilots to detect ash plumes up to 100 km ( 62 mi ) ahead and fly safely around them.

Infrared observations of the star using an adaptive optics system on the Very Large Telescope show that Achernar has a companion star in a close orbit.

It is maintained by the Infrared Data Association but has also been adopted by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group and the SyncML wing of the Open Mobile Alliance ( OMA ).

* Radar / Infrared / Laser: This form of navigation provides information to guidance relative to a known target, it has both civilian ( ex rendezvous ) and military applications.

Since then Majik has released tracks on the Mo ' Wax label, and now runs his own label, Infrared.

" Infrared grade " fused quartz ( tradenames " Infrasil ", " Vitreosil IR " and others ) which is electrically fused, has a greater presence of metallic impurities, limiting its UV transmittance wavelength to around 250 nm, but a much lower water content, leading to excellent infrared transmission up to 3. 6 μm wavelength.

Infrared microspectroscopy has identified conifers of the family Sciadopityaceae as the principal source of Baltic amber rather than as previously thought members of the families Araucariaceae and Pinaceae.

Unlike NMR, Infrared and UV-Visible spectroscopies, microwave spectroscopy has not yet found widespread application in analytical chemistry.

It has been succeeded by a Boeing 747-based airborne observatory equipped with a larger aperture telescope, the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy ( SOFIA ).

However, SPICAV has an additional channel known as SOIR ( Solar Occultation at Infrared ) that will be used to observe the Sun through Venus's atmosphere in the infrared.

The pod is limited in being primarily a daylight / clear-weather system, and is being slowly replaced by the more capable Thomson-CSF PDLCT (" Pod de Designation Laser a Camera Thermique " / Laser Designation Pod with Infrared Camera ") and Thales Damocles, which has a FLIR.

Sugars also have known infrared absorption spectra and this has made it possible to develop instruments for measuring sugar concentration using NIR ( Near Infra Red ) and FT-IR ( Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry ) techniques.

In recent years, the company has expanded the Smartset line adding models with features including a time projector, Infrared touchless snooze control, CD-R / CD-RW, and an integrated " Made for iPod " top-mounting docking station.

Infrared has significant limitations ; one being that it is line of sight only ; there had to be a clear space between the IR port and the controller.

This shock has been made visible via NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer.

The Spacelab Infrared Telescope ( IRT ) was also flown on the mission.

* Many other forms of spectroscopy also rely upon Fourier Transforms to determine the three-dimensional structure and / or identity of the sample being analyzed, including Infrared and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopies.

Infrared is also used to observe distant, red-shifted galaxies that were formed much earlier in the history of the universe.

Infrared LEDs are also used in the remote control units of many commercial products including televisions, DVD players, and other domestic appliances.

Infrared and ultraviolet are also greatly blocked.

Infrared receivers also tend to have a more or less limited operating angle, which mainly depends on the optical characteristics of the phototransistor.

Here is the UKIRT ( then called Infrared Flux Collector ) compared to the other largest optical telescopes circa 1978, only a some of these could also see in the near infrared.

He also makes music under the names Innervisions and Infrared.

The crew also deployed and retrieved the SPAS-II which carried the Infrared Background Signature Survey ( IBSS ) experiment.

Hornsby also co-performed the improvisation " Silver Apples of the Moon " for the Grateful Dead's Infrared Roses.

In addition to the main optical payload SEVIRI ( Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager ), Meteosat-8 also carries the secondary payload GERB ( Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget ) instrument.

Infrared ( IR ) imaging may also be used to penetrate haze over long distances, with a combination of IR-pass optical filters ( such as the Wratten 89B ) and IR-sensitive detector.

Infrared seeker was developed by TsKB-589 GKOT ( currently TsKB Geofizika ), who also developed seeker for 9M31 missile of 9K31 Strela-1.

Infrared communication ports, like the ones found on laptop computers ( such as IrDA ), can also be used.

The Infrared Optical Telescope Array ( IOTA ) began with an agreement in 1988 among five Institutions, the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Harvard University, the University of Massachusetts Amherst, the University of Wyoming, and MIT / Lincoln Laboratory, to build a two-telescope stellar interferometer for the purpose of making fundamental astrophysical observations, and also as a prototype instrument on which we could perfect techniques which could later lead to the development of a larger, more powerful array.

Letters of June 16, 1975 ( 2 papers ), and also " 1 / f Macroscopic Quantum Fluctuations of Electric Currents Due to Bremsstrahlung with Infrared Radiative Corrections ", Zeitschrift fuer Naturforschung 30a, p. 1201 ( 1975 ).

The DDM-NG also offers improved rejection of false alarms and gives an angular localisation capability which will be compatible with the future use of Directional Infrared Counter Measures ( DIRCM ).

Operators can also use a variety of camera systems such as CCTV systems, or the high tech military version, called the Wide-Area Infrared Surveillance Thermal Imager or WISTI.

Diffusive Optical Imaging ( DOI ) also known as Near Infrared Optical tomography ( NIROT ) or Diffuse Optical Tomography ( DOT ) is a technique that gives neuroscientists the ability to simultaneously obtain information about the source of neural activity as well as its time course.

The phone can also be used as a modem via Bluetooth, Infrared or USB.

While most of the TerraServer imagery is focused on high resolution, color, satellite and aerial imagery, TerraServer. com also offers Color Infrared Imagery, Panchromatic Imagery, Low Resolution Satellite Imagery, and Topographic Maps.