As the meter is defined in terms of the second, and the speed of light is constant for all observers, the terrestrial meter appears to change in length compared to the " planetary meter " on a periodic basis.

The multiplication operation is defined as: multiplication by 1 means no change, multiplication by 2 means shifting to the left, and multiplication by 3 means shifting to the left and then performing xor with the initial unshifted value.

He is defined by Thomas Carlyle as " a failure of a Fritz ," with " features " of a Frederick the Great in him, " but who burnt away his splendid qualities as a mere temporary shine for the able editors, and never came to anything, full of fire, too much of it wildfire, not in the least like an Alcibiades except in the change of fortune he underwent ".

Cauchy defined continuity of f as follows: an infinitely small increment of the independent variable x produces always an infinitely small increment change of f ( x ).

In the latter, only taxa associated with a rank can be named, yet there are not enough ranks to name a long series of nested clades ; ranks determine the form of names, so names must in many cases change when a name is inserted into such a series ; and taxon names cannot be defined in a way that guarantees them to refer to clades.

The condition number of ƒ at a point x ( specifically, its relative condition number ) is then defined to be the maximum ratio of the fractional change in ƒ ( x ) to any fractional change in x, in the limit where the change δx in x becomes infinitesimally small:

Note: Step ( in the description below ) is defined as: a transfer / change of weight to the opposite foot while hopping ( this is usually minimal ; almost more of a scoot than a literal hop ).

* Darwin ( unit ), a unit of evolutionary change, defined by J. B. S.

Under Java or C ++ the visibility of an object is defined in the code itself, meaning that to support a similar change the programmer would be forced to re-write the definitions completely, and could not have two versions at the same time.

* The relation " is approximately equal to " between real numbers, even if more precisely defined, is not an equivalence relation, because although reflexive and symmetric, it is not transitive, since multiple small changes can accumulate to become a big change.

Although the Ediacaran Period does contain soft-bodied fossils, it is unusual in comparison to later periods because its beginning is not defined by a change in the fossil record.

Rather, the beginning is defined at the base of a chemically distinctive carbonate layer ( this bed is characterized by an unusual depletion of < sup > 13 </ sup > C ), referred to as a " cap carbonate ", because it caps glacial deposits and indicates a sudden climatic change at the end of the Marinoan ice age.

Enthalpy change is defined by the following equation:

* Enthalpy of reaction, defined as the enthalpy change observed in a constituent of a thermodynamic system when one mole of substance reacts completely.

* Enthalpy of formation, defined as the enthalpy change observed in a constituent of a thermodynamic system when, one mole of a compound is formed from its elementary antecedents.

* Enthalpy of combustion, defined as the enthalpy change observed in a constituent of a thermodynamic system, when one mole of a substance combusts completely with oxygen.

* Enthalpy of hydrogenation, defined as the enthalpy change observed in a constituent of a thermodynamic system, when one mole of an unsaturated compound reacts completely with an excess of hydrogen to form a saturated compound.

* Enthalpy of atomization, defined as the enthalpy change required to atomize one mole of compound completely.

* Enthalpy of neutralization, defined as the enthalpy change observed in a constituent of a thermodynamic system, when one mole of water is produced when an acid and a base react.

* Standard Enthalpy of solution, defined as the enthalpy change observed in a constituent of a thermodynamic system, when one mole of an solute is dissolved completely in an excess of solvent.

* Standard enthalpy of Denaturation ( biochemistry ), defined as the enthalpy change required to denature one mole of compound.

* Enthalpy of hydration, defined as the enthalpy change observed when one mole of gaseous ions are completely dissolved in water forming one mole of aqueous ions.

* Enthalpy of fusion, defined as the enthalpy change required to completely change the state of one mole of substance between solid and liquid states.

The standardized form of Austrian German for official texts and schools is defined by the Austrian Dictionary (), published under the authority of the Austrian Federal Ministry of Education, Arts and Culture.

It is named after Ernst Abbe ( 1840 – 1905 ), the German physicist who defined it.

A felony ( German: Verbrechen ) is defined as a crime which has a usual minimum sanction of one year of imprisonment.

About seven million of them are foreign residents, which is defined as those not having German citizenship.

In 1999, Chancellor Gerhard Schröder's government defined a new basis for German foreign policy by taking a full part in the decisions surrounding the NATO war against Yugoslavia and by sending German troops into combat for the first time since World War II.

The Danish and German geographical mile ( geografisk mil and geographische Meile or geographische Landmeile, respectively ) is 4 minutes of arc, and was defined as approximately 7421. 5 metres by the astronomer Ole Rømer of Denmark.

Explaining the internal impact of the DDR regime from the perspective of German history in the long term, historian Gerhard A. Ritter ( 2002 ) has argued that the East German state was defined by two dominant forces – Soviet Communism on the one hand, and German traditions filtered through the interwar experiences of German Communists on the other.

Controversially, this defined " persons of German ethnic origin " who had been expelled, or were to be expelled from their countries of birth into the postwar Germany, as individuals who would " not be the concern of the Organization.

The German archaeologist Willi Wegewitz defined several Iron Age burial sites at the lower Elbe as Langobardic.

German nationality law defined ' German ' on the basis of German ancestry, excluding all non-Germans from the people.

" In the early nineteenth century, German theologian Julius Wegscheider defined pantheism as the belief that God and the world established by God are one and the same.

Yacht (, from Dutch / Low German jacht meaning hunting or hunt, compare Standard German / High German Jagd ) was originally defined as a light, fast sailing vessel used by the Dutch navy to pursue pirates and other transgressors around and into the shallow waters of the Low Countries.

* In German the term Adverb is differently defined than in the English language.

In 1879, the German mycologist Heinrich Anton de Bary defined it as " the living together of unlike organisms.

Through Savigny and his circle of friends — German romantics such as Clemens Brentano and Ludwig Achim von Arnim — the Grimms were introduced to the ideas of Johann Gottfried Herder, who felt that German literature should return to what he defined as Volkspoesie ( natural poetry ) as opposed to Kunstpoesie ( artistic poetry ).

On July 4, 1936 an agreement was signed under League auspices that defined a refugee coming from Germany as " any person who was settled in that country, who does not possess any nationality other than German nationality, and in respect of whom it is established that in law or in fact he or she does not enjoy the protection of the Government of the Reich " ( article 1 ).

Low productivity and competitiveness on the European and world markets alike due to inadequate R & D funding and a lack of a clearly defined development policy remain a significant obstacle for foreign investment and economic growth.

Tom McPhail defined " Electronic colonialism as the dependency relationship established by the importation of communication hardware, foreign-produced software, along with engineers, technicians, and related information protocols, that vicariously establish a set of foreign norms, values, and expectations which, in varying degrees, may alter the domestic cultures and socialization processes.

# The limits of foreign assistance must be clearly defined and carefully used.

Einstein's theory of special relativity, like Newtonian mechanics, assumes the equivalence of all inertial reference frames, but makes an additional assumption, foreign to Newtonian mechanics, namely, that in free space light always is propagated with the speed of light c < sub > 0 </ sub >, a defined value independent of its direction of propagation and its frequency, and also independent of the state of motion of the emitting body.

This plan, defined as the mandate system, was adopted by the " Council of Ten " ( the heads of government and foreign ministers of the main Allied powers: Britain, France, the United States, Italy, and Japan ) on 30 January 1919 and transmitted to the League of Nations.

Objectivism holds that the proper functions of a government are " the police, to protect men from criminals — the armed services, to protect men from foreign invaders — the law courts, to settle disputes among men according to objectively defined laws ," the executive, and legislatures.

Police forces are often defined as being separate from military or other organizations involved in the defense of the state against foreign aggressors ; however, gendarmerie and military police are military units charged with civil policing.

Special drawing rights ( SDRs ) are supplementary foreign exchange reserve assets defined and maintained by the International Monetary Fund ( IMF ).

Created in 1969 to supplement a shortfall of preferred foreign exchange reserve assets, namely gold and the US dollar, the value of a SDR is defined by a weighted currency basket of four major currencies: the US dollar, the euro, the British pound, and the Japanese yen.

* Official or state terrorism –" referring to nations whose rule is based upon fear and oppression that reach similar to terrorism or such proportions .” It may also be referred to as Structural Terrorism defined broadly as terrorist acts carried out by governments in pursuit of political objectives, often as part of their foreign policy.

The definition of a " protected computer " is defined in and broadly encompasses those computers used in interstate or foreign commerce or communication, including ones located outside the United States.

This revision left large populations of ethnic Bulgarians outside the new country and defined Bulgaria's militaristic approach to foreign affairs and its participation in four wars during the first half of the 20th century.

In 1276 and 1280 Emperor Rudolf I codified the previously poorly defined rights of the city and granted it the privilege de non Evocando or the right that their citizens were protected from trial in foreign courts.

The attacks were defined as acts of " air piracy " and the Marque and Reprisal Act of 2001 was introduced, which would have granted the president the authority to use letters of marque and reprisal against the specific terrorists, instead of warring against a foreign state.

As navigable waters are defined as " navigable waters of the United States are those waters that are subject to the ebb and flow of the tide and / or are presently being used, or have been used in the past, or may be susceptible for use to transport interstate or foreign commerce ".

The Bush Doctrine has been defined as a collection of strategy principles, practical policy decisions, and a set of rationales and ideas for guiding United States foreign policy.

The Truman Doctrine was followed by the Eisenhower Doctrine, the Kennedy Doctrine, the Johnson Doctrine, the Nixon Doctrine, and the Carter Doctrine, all of which defined the foreign policy approaches of these respective U. S. presidents on some of the largest global challenges of their administrations.

The Reagan Doctrine was especially significant because it represented a substantial shift in the post – World War II foreign policy of the U. S. Prior to the Reagan Doctrine, U. S. foreign policy in the Cold War was rooted in " containment ," as originally defined by George F. Kennan, John Foster Dulles, and other post – World War II U. S. foreign policy experts.

" If one looks up in a Chinese-English dictionary the two dozen or so partly generic words used for various foreign peoples throughout Chinese history, one will find most of them defined in English as, in effect, ' a kind of barbarian '.

The oldest and most widely used expression systems are cell-based and may be defined as the " combination of an expression vector, its cloned DNA, and the host for the vector that provide a context to allow foreign gene function in a host cell, that is, produce proteins at a high level ".

Once ambitious to become Secretary of State in a Republican administration, Luce penned a famous article in Life magazine in 1941, called " The American Century ", which defined the role of American foreign policy for the remainder of the 20th century ( and perhaps beyond ).