The term was coined in an October 1940 science fiction fanzine by Russ Chauvenet and first popularized within science fiction fandom, from whom it was adopted by others.

The term " fanzine " was coined by Russ Chauvenet in the October 1940 edition of his fanzine Detours.

The term " fanzine " was coined in October 1940 by Russ Chauvenet.

Louis Russell " Russ " Chauvenet ( February 12, 1920 – June 24, 2003 ) was a champion chess player and one of the founders of science fiction fandom.

Chauvenet was the U. S. Amateur Champion in 1959, as well as state champion for Virginia in 1942 through 1948 and for Maryland in 1963, 1969 and 1976.

Chauvenet was a founder of Boston's The Stranger Club ( the members of which were guests of honor at the 47th World Science Fiction Convention ), and hosted its first meeting at his home in 1940.

Chauvenet was also an enthusiastic sailor, who built his own Windmill class sailboat and participated in regattas, as well as a medal-winning runner.

In 1954, he was awarded the Bôcher Memorial Prize of the American Mathematical Society and in 1971 the Chauvenet Prize of the Mathematical Association of America for his paper A Motivated Account of an Elementary Proof of the Prime Number Theorem.

William Chauvenet ( 24 May 1820, Milford, Pennsylvania-13 December 1870, St. Paul, Minnesota ) was a professor of mathematics, astronomy, navigation, and surveying who was instrumental in the establishment of the U. S. Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland, and later the second chancellor of Washington University in St. Louis.

William Chauvenet was born on a farm near Milford, Pennsylvania to William Marc Chauvenet and Mary B. Kerr and was raised in Philadelphia.

William Chauvenet was placed in charge of the school in 1842 and formalized much of the study.

He certainly didn't want a wife who was fickle as Ann.

He knew who was riding after him -- the men he had known all his life, the men who had worked for him, sworn their loyalty to him.

He was riding between two warriors, who held him erect when he started to slump.

It was, I felt, possible that they were men who, having received no tickets for that day, had remained in the hall, to sleep perhaps, in the corners farthest removed from the counter with its overhead light.

Hague, like all who worked near the pits, was partly deafened from the constant assault against his eardrums.

Facing the forest now, she who had not dared to enter it before, walked between two trees at random and headed in what she believed was the direction of the pool.

Donna, his young wife, the girl who was both daughter and wife to him.

Lewis was a man who had made a full-time job of cow stealing.

He was a man, those neighbors testified later, who didn't have a friend in the world.

But to the cattlemen who had been facing bankruptcy from rustling losses and to the cowboys who had been faced with lay-offs a few years earlier, he was becoming a vastly different type of legendary figure.

Then, with a glory that almost wiped out the deep, downward sags in her careworn face, Matilda leaned over the wheel and shouted to Hez, who was stumbling along in the heat and the dust on the opposite side of the wagon `` Pa!!

Out in the center of the circle the farmer, who was Dan, wasted no time when they came to the line, `` The farmer choose his wife ''.

`` Gyp Carmer couldn't have known about Colcord's money unless he was told -- and who else would have told him ''??

Mrs. Roebuck smilingly declined and began suddenly to go on about her son, who was `` onleh a little younguh than you bawhs ''.

`` You know who the other man was ''??

Present at the scene -- in addition to the dead man, who was indeed Louis Thor -- had been Thor's partner Bill Blake, and Antony Rose, an advertising agency executive who handled the zing account.

My new Aunt was perhaps three or four years older than I and it had been a long time since I had seen as gorgeous a woman who oozed sex.

I don't even remember who wrote it but it was one of those 15th or 16th century poets.

If it were not that I knew who it was I could have mistaken it for my Aunt so well did her clothes fit him.

The Grafin, who was charmed by her, told her, `` Your sister who was here two years ago has quite dark hair.

Indeed, mathematically speaking, it was both functionally and symbolically the most important number in the entire diagram.

Using this physical explanation of electromagnetic motion, Ampère developed a physical account of electromagnetic phenomena that was both empirically demonstrable and mathematically predictive.

In 1927, the first mathematically complete quantum description of a simple chemical bond, i. e. that produced by one electron in the hydrogen molecular ion, H < sub > 2 </ sub >< sup >+</ sup >, was derived by the Danish physicist Oyvind Burrau.

The Carnot engine model was graphically expanded upon by Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron in 1834 and mathematically elaborated upon by Rudolf Clausius in 1857 and 66 from which the concept of entropy emerged.

Positing classical-era astronomers ' use of Babylonian eclipse records mostly from the 13th century BC provides a feasible and mathematically consistent The concept that an eclipsing body caused these luminosity variations was introduced by John Goodricke in 1783.

Gilbert Newton Lewis ForMemRS ( October 23, 1875 – March 23, 1946 ) was an American physical chemist known for the discovery of the covalent bond ( see his Lewis dot structures and his 1916 paper " The Atom and the Molecule "), his purification of heavy water, his reformulation of chemical thermodynamics in a mathematically rigorous manner accessible to ordinary chemists, his theory of Lewis acids and bases, and his photochemical experiments.

He was born in Pavia, Lombardy, the illegitimate child of Fazio Cardano, a mathematically gifted lawyer, who was a friend of Leonardo da Vinci.

Galileo also performed mechanical experiments, and insisted that motion itself — regardless of whether that motion was natural or artificial — had universally consistent characteristics that could be described mathematically.

This was first shown by Newton, whose shell theorem mathematically predicts a gravitational force ( from the shell ) of zero everywhere inside a spherically symmetric hollow shell of matter, regardless of the shell's thickness.

The work of Lorentz was mathematically perfected by Henri Poincaré who formulated on many occasions the Principle of Relativity and tried to harmonize it with electrodynamics.

In the 1960s, the chaotic nature of the atmosphere was first observed and mathematically described by Edward Lorenz, founding the field of chaos theory.

The mathematician Leonhard Euler was one of the first to analyze plane mazes mathematically, and in doing so made the first significant contributions to the branch of mathematics known as topology.

This limitation was first elucidated by Heisenberg through a thought experiment, and is represented mathematically in the new formalism by the non-commutativity of quantum observables.

The converse effect was mathematically deduced from fundamental thermodynamic principles by Gabriel Lippmann in 1881.

While spacetime can be viewed as a consequence of Albert Einstein's 1905 theory of special relativity, it was first explicitly proposed mathematically by one of his teachers, the mathematician Hermann Minkowski, in a 1908 essay building on and extending Einstein's work.

A more mathematically oriented definition with a similar " universal " nature was introduced by Alonzo Church, whose work on lambda calculus intertwined with Turing's in a formal theory of computation known as the Church – Turing thesis.

When Einstein received his Nobel Prize in 1921, it was not for his more difficult and mathematically laborious special and general relativity, but for the simple, yet totally revolutionary, suggestion of quantized light.

In 1883 Hopkinson showed mathematically that it was possible to connect two alternating current dynamos in parallel — a problem that had long bedeviled electrical engineers.

During the 1940s, Onsager studied the statistical-mechanical theory of phase transitions in solids, deriving a mathematically elegant theory which was enthusiastically received.

He described nature as being governed by laws which were difficult to discern or to state mathematically, and the highest aim of natural philosophy was understanding these laws through inductive reasoning, finding a single unifying explanation for a phenomenon.

It was first demonstrated mathematically by economists Kenneth Arrow and Gérard Debreu.

The operating principle of the refrigeration cycle was described mathematically by Sadi Carnot in 1824 as a heat engine.

Willcocks in 1946 and has 24 squares ; however, it was not until 1982 that Duijvestijn, Pasquale Joseph Federico and P. Leeuw mathematically proved it to be the lowest-order example.

After its descendant, the mathematically complex International Offshore Rule ( IOR ) of the 1970s, contributed to much decreased seaworthiness ( and even speed ), the simpler Performance Handicap Racing Fleet ( PHRF ) system was adopted.