The first linguist to offer reconstructed forms from a proto-language was August Schleicher, in his Compendium der vergleichenden Grammatik der indogermanischen Sprachen, originally published in 1861.

It was not until Benedict that the inflectional systems of these languages were recognized as ( partially ) native to the family, and subsequent work has reconstructed such a system for the proto-language.

In the early 30s Tolkien decided that the proto-language of the Elves was Valarin, the tongue of the gods or Valar: " The language of the Elves derived in the beginning from the Valar, but they change it even in the learning, and moreover modified and enriched it constantly at all times by their own invention.

The proto-language from which all of the languages of the family descend, Proto-Algonquian, was spoken at least 3, 000 years ago.

He constructed the grammar and vocabulary of at least fifteen Elvish languages and dialects in roughly 3 eras: 1910-c. 1930 Primitive Quendian the proto-language, Common Eldarin, Quenya and Goldogrin ; the middle era from c. 1935 till 1955, where Goldogrin had significantly changed and was now Noldorin, joined by Telerin, Ilkorin, Doriathrin and the Avarin.

He was the chief pioneer of lexicostatistics, which attempts to classify languages on the basis of the extent to which they have replaced basic words reconstructible in the proto-language, and glottochronology, which extends lexicostatistics by computing divergence dates from the lexical retention rate.

One might point to a culture map and hazard a guess as to which language, typically a proto-language, was spoken in each culture.

The term " Proto-Italic ", in Pallottino's view, is less useful because there was no single proto-language in Italy.

However, another division was proposed in the 1960s by Vyacheslav Ivanov and Vladimir Toporov: that the Balto-Slavic proto-language split from the start into West Baltic, East Baltic and Proto-Slavic.

The concept of actually reconstructing an Indo-European proto-language was suggested by William Wotton in 1713, while showing, among others, that Icelandic (" Teutonic '), the Romance languages, and Greek were related.

Nelme was interested in Anglo-Saxon as proto-language, and compiled ( or suggested the compilation of ) an Anglo-Saxon dictionary.

He was the first to publish a comprehensive theory about how many languages that are spoken on the islands of Southeast Asia and the Pacific Ocean can be traced back to one proto-language.

) It was previously believed that the Torricelli word order was a result of contact with Austronesian languages, but it is now thought more likely that SVO order was present in the Torricelli proto-language ( Donohue 2005 ).

In Greek mythology Artemis was the leader ( ηγεμόνη: hegemone ) of the nymphs, who had similar functions with the Nordic Elves.

The High King of the Elves in the West was Ingwë, an echo of the name Yngvi often found as a name for Frey, whose abode was in Álfheim according to the Grímnismál.

" The language of the Quendelie ( Elves ) was thus very early sundered into the branches Eldarin and Avarin ".

Below is a family tree of the Elvish languages, showing how the Primitive Quendian word kwendī " people " ( later meaning " Elves ") was altered in the descendant languages.

The Wizards were commanded to aid Men, Elves, and Dwarves, but only through counsel ; it was forbidden to use force to dominate them — an injunction Saruman disregarded.

Conflict was avoided by the arrival of the Goblin and Warg army who wanted the treasure out of greed, and the Dwarves decided to ally with the Elves and Men to fight this greater evil in what became known as the Battle of Five Armies.

A colony was settled in Ithilien by the Elves of Mirkwood, welcomed there by Legolas, and " it became once again the fairest country in all the westlands ", until after some time all Elves had departed over the Sea .</ div >

After Sam and Rose's first child was born it was revealed that Frodo would leave Middle-earth, along with Bilbo ( Sam's old hero ), Gandalf and most of the remaining High Elves ( Wood Elves had no part of this exodus from Middle-earth ), for the Undying Lands.

Sam was particularly interested in the Elves, and always hoped to one day see one.

Khuzdul was written in Cirth, a runic alphabet developed by the Elves.

Upon seeing this, and understanding that Aulë had not acted in defiance or intent for domination, Ilúvatar decided that their creation was not an evil deed and sanctified them, though he did not allow them to " awake " before the Elves ( whom he had designated as " The Firstborn ").

After the ensuing Battle of the Five Armies, in which the Eagles, the Elves of Mirkwood, the Men of Dale, and the Dwarves of the Iron Hills ( as well as Thorin's band ) defeated an invading horde of Goblins and in which Thorin was killed, his cousin Dáin II Ironfoot, already King of the Iron Hills, became King Under the Mountain, and the Lonely Mountain was not abandoned again.

Sauron, who by the second millennium of the Second Age was nearly defeated by the Elves, took advantage of the division.

After Morgoth's defeat, Sauron extended his influence over the Easterlings, and although Sauron was defeated by the Last Alliance of Elves and Men at the end of the Second Age, the Easterlings were the first enemies to attack Gondor again in.

Three were intended for the Elves, Seven for Dwarves, Nine for Men, and one, the One Ring, was created by Sauron himself in Mount Doom.

Sauron's plan was not completely successful ; for the Elves hid their rings and did not use them while Sauron held the One, and the Dwarves ' rings did not respond to the One's control as Sauron expected.

The Elves became aware of him and understood who he was and his purpose.

It was the only thing in his life for which he felt guilt.

The land over which he sped was the land he had created and lived in: his valley.

On a shelf in the office behind the counter was a small radio dialed permanently on a station which broadcast only vulgar commercials and cheap popular music.

No one was behind it, but in the rear wall of the office I noticed, for the first time, a door which had been left partially open.

The only thing which would have attracted attention was that two wore the uniform of prison guards, three the striped suits of convicts.

For everyone involved knew that the whole valley was a powder keg, and Mitchell Barton the fuse which could send it into explosive violence.

There a dozen giant monitors played their seventy-five-foot jets of water against the huge seam of tertiary gravel which was the mountainside.

When they reached their neighbor's house, Pamela said a few polite words to Grace and kissed Melissa lightly on the forehead, the impulse prompted by a stray thought -- of the type to which she was frequently subject these days -- that they might never see one another again.

But she was caught in it, and she faced the terrible possibility that, if it were a dream, it was one from which she might never awaken.

The slight flutter that had disturbed the motion of her heart when she entered the forest was gone now, and even the dim groves of trees through which she occasionally passed did not reawaken her fear.

The herd was watered and then thrown onto a broad grass flat which was to be the first night's bedground.

There was no lock on the door, only an iron hook which he unfastened.

Jess's coarse features twisted in a surprised grin which was smashed out of shape by Curt's fist.

Stevens was grunting over the last empty pocket when Russ abruptly rose and lunged toward Carmer's hat, which had tumbled half-a-dozen feet away when he first fell.

He had no idea which was up and which was down.

I was again in motion and at a speed which belied the truck's similarity to Senor X's Ford turtle.

But it was only Johnson reaching around the wire chicken fencing, which half covered the truck cab's glassless rear window.

The car was just about to us, its driver's fat, solemn face intent on the road ahead, on business, on a family in Sante Fe -- on anything but an old pick-up truck in which two human beings desperately needed rescue.

There had been a good second or two during which my muffler had been blowing out, and now I was certain I'd seen her somewhere before.

There was something about the contour of her face, her smile that was like New Orleans sunshine, the way she held her head, the way she walked -- there was scarcely anything she did which did not fascinate me.