JI ’ s violent operations began during the communal conflicts in Maluku and Poso.

Professor JI Marais, Smuts ’ s benefactor at Cambridge, presided over the ceremony.

The reasons as to why the MMA consented to the LFO remains unclear, given the initial agreement was reached between the two parties in separate meetings between the JI ’ s leader Qazi Hussain Ahmed and the JUI-F ’ s leader Fazlur Rahman.

In fact, the ARD and other secular parties felt corroboration of such a relationship came in the form of the military ’ s impassivity towards the JI after evidence of its association with al-Qaeda, recognition of the MMA as the main opposition in Parliament, and the MMA ’ s reticence in the wake of the storming of the Lal Masjid.

For instance, following the 2002 elections the Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam-Samiul Haq ( JUI-S ) claimed the party ’ s politics and policy had been usurped by the JI and JIU-F, disadvantaging the smaller constituents of the MMA.

Due to the MMA ’ s undemocratic nature and monopolization by the JI and JIUF, Pir Muhammad defected, forming a “ forward bloc of ten MMA ’ s in the assembly .” To highlight unraveling of the party, although Qazi Hussain Ahmed, leader of the JI officially revoked Pir Muhammad ’ s affiliation with the MMA, Fazlur Rahman of the JUIF declared the JI dissident as an honorary member of the MMA, given he withdrew his name right before the electoral process.

The issue exacerbated the once already prevalent fissure between the JI and JIUF, for the JUIF ’ s constituents found it necessary for Durrani to attend, whereas the JI leader vehemently opposed.

The JI and JIU-F fielded separate candidates in its strongholds, and aligned with the Awami National Party ( ANP ) and the Pakistan People ’ s Party ( PPP ), respectively.

Due to such a split, the two parties performed poorly, for the JI garnered 91 of the Frontier ’ s 986 seats for Union Council nazims, whereas the JUI-F secured 161 seats.

* December 24, 2000, JI took part in a major coordinated terror strike, the Christmas Eve 2000 bombings.

For example, the Jemaah Islamiyah ( JI ) terror group is the latest anti-Pancasila manifestation.

At no time during his leadership of JI were any acts of terror carried out by JI against anyone, either in Indonesia or anywhere else.

* Declaring JI a terror group is starting point in fight against terror: Dr Gunaratna-Channel NewsAsia ( 2 October 2005 )

The Jemaah Islamiyah ( JI ) militant Islamic organization that aspired for the establishment of a Daulah Islamiyah that encompassed whole Southeast Asia including Indonesia, is responsible for series of terrorist attacks in Indonesia.

Jemaah Islamiah (, al-Jamāʿat ul-Islāmíyatu, meaning " Islamic Congregation ", frequently abbreviated JI ), is a Southeast Asian militant Islamist organization dedicated to the establishment of a Daulah Islamiyah ( regional Islamic caliphate ) in Southeast Asia incorporating Indonesia, Malaysia, the southern Philippines, Singapore and Brunei.

Back in Southeast Asia, the members of JI distributed pamphlets.

The Singapore branch was under the command of a Malaysia-based leadership structure called a regional shura ( consultative council ), within the larger network of JI organisation in Southeast Asia.

* Arnaiz-Villena A, Ruiz-del-Valle V, Gomez-Prieto P, Reguera R, Parga-Lozano C, Serano-Vela JI ( 2009 ) Estrildinae Finches ( Aves, Passeriformes ) from Africa, South Asia and Australia: a Molecular Phylogeographic Study.

* Arnaiz-Villena A, Ruiz-del-Valle V, Gomez-Prieto P, Reguera R, Parga-Lozano C, Serano-Vela JI ( 2009 ) Estrildinae Finches ( Aves, Passeriformes ) from Africa, South Asia and Australia: a Molecular Phylogeographic Study.

Riduan Isamuddin, the leader of JI who is better known as Hambali, had arranged their travels to Pakistan, using false documents and cover stories that they were accepted by a religious school for religious studies.

The JI group were also plotting to attack United States Navy personnel and their families who often traveled between the Yishun MRT Station and Sembawang Wharf via shuttle buses.

In August 2002, ISD conducted another major security operation and arrested 18 persons, most of them were members of JI, while two were members of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front ( MILF ), a militant separatist group in the Philippines.

As of 11 November 2005, 36 alleged members of JI or the Moro Islamic Liberation Front were being detained under the Internal Security Act.

In schools and workplaces, inter-racial confidence circles were formed to promote inter-racial and inter-religious understanding between the different racial and religious communities, while Islamic scholars and counselors in Singapore participated in the rehabilitation of the detained JI members.

# Flexible Mechanisms: The " flexibility " mechanisms which the United States had strongly favored when the Protocol was initially put together, including emissions trading ; Joint Implementation ( JI ); and the Clean Development Mechanism ( CDM ) which allow industrialized countries to fund emissions reduction activities in developing countries as an alternative to domestic emission reductions.

After the fall of the Suharto regime in 1998, both men returned to Indonesia where JI gained a terrorist edge when one of its founders, the late Abdullah Sungkar, established contact with Osama Bin Laden's al-Qaeda network.

In April 2008, the South Jakarta District Court declared JI an illegal organisation when sentencing former leader Zarkasih and military commander Abu Dujana to 15 years on terrorism charges.

The Singapore JI branch was started as early as 1993, when Ibrahim Maidin underwent military training in Afghanistan and was subsequently appointed leader of JI in Singapore.

JI has its roots in Darul Islam ( DI, meaning " House of Islam "), a radical Islamist / anti-colonialist movement in Indonesia in the 1940s.

* August 5, 2006, Al-Qaeda's Al Zawahiri appeared on a recorded video announcing that JI and Al-Qaeda had joined forces and that the two groups will form " one line, facing its enemies.

Founded during British control in India, the JI moved its organization after the Indian partition to the newly created Ideological Muslim state of Pakistan, initially setting up its organizational mass in West-Pakistan.

* A British-born Australian named Jack Roche confessed to being part of a JI plot to blow up the Israeli embassy in Canberra, Australia on 28 May 2004.

The Singapore embassies attack plot was a plan in 2001 by Jemaah Islamiyah ( JI ) to bomb the diplomatic missions and attack personnel of the United States, Australia, the United Kingdom, and Israel based in Singapore.

Several members also attended a training camp in southern Philippines, known as Camp Hudaybiyya, set up by Moro Islamic Liberation Front ( MILF ) and run by Indonesian JI members.

* Under Joint Implementation ( JI ) a developed country with relatively high costs of domestic greenhouse reduction would set up a project in another developed country.

On that day, the student councillors, carrying the institute flag, set off on a symbolic relay run, carrying a torch to signify that the JI spirit would continue to burn at the new premises.

This measure has the great advantage that the projects / activities are managed according to the quality standards set out for CDM / JI projects but the certificates provided are not registered by the governments of the host countries or the Executive Board of the UNO.

The JI was established as a loose confederation of several Islamic groups.

MI, along with many other junior colleges, and as well, the former JI and OI, regulates the naming conventions over several aspects related to the institution.

* February 27, 2008, the leader of JI in Singapore, Mas Selamat bin Kastari, escaped from the Whitley Road Detention Centre.

The Singapore branch of JI was organised into at least three groups.

Investigators in Singapore had found similar tapes at the residence of Mohamed Khalim bin Jaffar, one of arrested JI members.

The Singapore government presented these material as evidences of a direct link between the JI group and Al-Qaeda.

* Ibrahim Maidin, leader of Singapore JI branch

# Jemaah Islamiya organization ( JI ) ( Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, Singapore )

The main terrorist threat to Singapore is from Jemaah Islamiah ( JI ), which has links to al-Qaeda and Abu Sayyaf.