JI ’ s terror plans in Southeast Asia were exposed when its plot to set off several bombs in Singapore was foiled by the local authorities.

Professor JI Marais, Smuts ’ s benefactor at Cambridge, presided over the ceremony.

The reasons as to why the MMA consented to the LFO remains unclear, given the initial agreement was reached between the two parties in separate meetings between the JI ’ s leader Qazi Hussain Ahmed and the JUI-F ’ s leader Fazlur Rahman.

In fact, the ARD and other secular parties felt corroboration of such a relationship came in the form of the military ’ s impassivity towards the JI after evidence of its association with al-Qaeda, recognition of the MMA as the main opposition in Parliament, and the MMA ’ s reticence in the wake of the storming of the Lal Masjid.

For instance, following the 2002 elections the Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam-Samiul Haq ( JUI-S ) claimed the party ’ s politics and policy had been usurped by the JI and JIU-F, disadvantaging the smaller constituents of the MMA.

Due to the MMA ’ s undemocratic nature and monopolization by the JI and JIUF, Pir Muhammad defected, forming a “ forward bloc of ten MMA ’ s in the assembly .” To highlight unraveling of the party, although Qazi Hussain Ahmed, leader of the JI officially revoked Pir Muhammad ’ s affiliation with the MMA, Fazlur Rahman of the JUIF declared the JI dissident as an honorary member of the MMA, given he withdrew his name right before the electoral process.

The issue exacerbated the once already prevalent fissure between the JI and JIUF, for the JUIF ’ s constituents found it necessary for Durrani to attend, whereas the JI leader vehemently opposed.

The JI and JIU-F fielded separate candidates in its strongholds, and aligned with the Awami National Party ( ANP ) and the Pakistan People ’ s Party ( PPP ), respectively.

Due to such a split, the two parties performed poorly, for the JI garnered 91 of the Frontier ’ s 986 seats for Union Council nazims, whereas the JUI-F secured 161 seats.

While at high school, Horton adopted Calvinistic beliefs and began attending the " Philidelphia Conference on Reformed Theology ", where he met James Montgomery Boice, RC Sproul and JI Packer.

By conducting religious classes, Maidin began recruiting other members into the JI organisation.

Founded during British control in India, the JI moved its organization after the Indian partition to the newly created Ideological Muslim state of Pakistan, initially setting up its organizational mass in West-Pakistan.

At no time during his leadership of JI were any acts of terror carried out by JI against anyone, either in Indonesia or anywhere else.

The Jemaah Islamiyah ( JI ) militant Islamic organization that aspired for the establishment of a Daulah Islamiyah that encompassed whole Southeast Asia including Indonesia, is responsible for series of terrorist attacks in Indonesia.

Jemaah Islamiyah means " Islamic Group " or " Islamic Community " and is often abbreviated JI.

# Flexible Mechanisms: The " flexibility " mechanisms which the United States had strongly favored when the Protocol was initially put together, including emissions trading ; Joint Implementation ( JI ); and the Clean Development Mechanism ( CDM ) which allow industrialized countries to fund emissions reduction activities in developing countries as an alternative to domestic emission reductions.

Tuesday 22 October-Omar al-Faruq allegedly tells CIA bin Laden transferred nearly US $ 135, 000 to JI for purchase of explosives from Indonesian military sources.

Saturday 30 November-Australian Police now claim JI operating in Indonesia.

Jemaah Islamiah (, al-Jamāʿat ul-Islāmíyatu, meaning " Islamic Congregation ", frequently abbreviated JI ), is a Southeast Asian militant Islamist organization dedicated to the establishment of a Daulah Islamiyah ( regional Islamic caliphate ) in Southeast Asia incorporating Indonesia, Malaysia, the southern Philippines, Singapore and Brunei.

JI was added to the United Nations 1267 Committee's list of terrorist organizations linked to al-Qaeda or the Taliban on 25 October 2002 under UN Security Council Resolution 1267.

JI has its roots in Darul Islam ( DI, meaning " House of Islam "), a radical Islamist / anti-colonialist movement in Indonesia in the 1940s.

The JI was formally founded on January 1, 1993, by JI leaders, Abu Bakar Bashir and Abdullah Sungkar while hiding in Malaysia from the persecution of the Suharto government.

After the fall of the Suharto regime in 1998, both men returned to Indonesia where JI gained a terrorist edge when one of its founders, the late Abdullah Sungkar, established contact with Osama Bin Laden's al-Qaeda network.

Recruiting, training, indoctrination, financial and operational links between the JI and other militant groups, such as al-Qaeda, the Abu Sayyaf Group ( ASG ), the Moro Islamic Liberation Front ( MILF ), the Misuari Renegade / Breakaway Group ( MRG / MBG ) and the Philippine Rajah Sulaiman movement ( RSM ) have existed for many years, and continue to this day.

The Bali and JW Marriott attacks showed that JI did not rule out attacking the same target more than once.

The JI also has been directly and indirectly involved in dozens of bombings in the southern Philippines, usually in league with the ASG.

The JI was established as a loose confederation of several Islamic groups.

Back in Southeast Asia, the members of JI distributed pamphlets.

In 2003, Indonesian police confirmed ' the existence of Mantiqe IV "- the JI regional cell " which covers Irian Jaya and Australia.

In April 2008, the South Jakarta District Court declared JI an illegal organisation when sentencing former leader Zarkasih and military commander Abu Dujana to 15 years on terrorism charges.

* December 24, 2000, JI took part in a major coordinated terror strike, the Christmas Eve 2000 bombings.

* March 12, 2000, 3 JI members are arrested in Manila carrying plastic explosives in their luggage.

The attack known as the 2002 Bali Bombing is the most deadly attack executed by JI to date.

* A British-born Australian named Jack Roche confessed to being part of a JI plot to blow up the Israeli embassy in Canberra, Australia on 28 May 2004.

* JI are widely suspected of being responsible for the bombing outside the Australian embassy in Jakarta on September 9, 2004, which killed 11 Indonesians and wounded over 160 more.

The AMPAS was originally conceived by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studio boss Louis B. Mayer as a professional honorary organization to help improve the film industry ’ s image and help mediate labor disputes.

The International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences defines psychological altruism as " a motivational state with the goal of increasing another ’ s welfare ".

Psychological altruism is contrasted with psychological egoism, which refers to the motivation to increase one ’ s own welfare.

One way is a sincere expression of Christian love, " motivated by a powerful feeling of security, strength, and inner salvation, of the invincible fullness of one ’ s own life and existence ".

Another way is merely " one of the many modern substitutes for love, ... nothing but the urge to turn away from oneself and to lose oneself in other people ’ s business.

* David Firestone-When Romney ’ s Reach Exceeds His Grasp-Mitt Romney quotes the song

" Swift extends the metaphor to get in a few jibes at England ’ s mistreatment of Ireland, noting that " For this kind of commodity will not bear exportation, and flesh being of too tender a consistence, to admit a long continuance in salt, although perhaps I could name a country, which would be glad to eat up our whole nation without it.

George Wittkowsky argued that Swift ’ s main target in A Modest Proposal was not the conditions in Ireland, but rather the can-do spirit of the times that led people to devise a number of illogical schemes that would purportedly solve social and economic ills.

In response, Swift ’ s Modest Proposal was " a burlesque of projects concerning the poor ", that were in vogue during the early 18th century.

Critics differ about Swift ’ s intentions in using this faux-mathematical philosophy.

Charles K. Smith argues that Swift ’ s rhetorical style persuades the reader to detest the speaker and pity the Irish.

Swift ’ s specific strategy is twofold, using a " trap " to create sympathy for the Irish and a dislike of the narrator who, in the span of one sentence, " details vividly and with rhetorical emphasis the grinding poverty " but feels emotion solely for members of his own class.

Swift ’ s use of gripping details of poverty and his narrator ’ s cool approach towards them create " two opposing points of view " that " alienate the reader, perhaps unconsciously, from a narrator who can view with ' melancholy ' detachment a subject that Swift has directed us, rhetorically, to see in a much less detached way.

Once the children have been commodified, Swift ’ s rhetoric can easily turn " people into animals, then meat, and from meat, logically, into tonnage worth a price per pound ".

Swift uses the proposer ’ s serious tone to highlight the absurdity of his proposal.

In making his argument, the speaker uses the conventional, text book approved order of argument from Swift ’ s time ( which was derived from the Latin rhetorician Quintilian ).

James Johnson argued that A Modest Proposal was largely influenced and inspired by Tertullian ’ s Apology: a satirical attack against early Roman persecution of Christianity.

Johnson notes Swift ’ s obvious affinity for Tertullian and the bold stylistic and structural similarities between the works A Modest Proposal and Apology.

He reminds readers that " there is a gap between the narrator ’ s meaning and the text ’ s, and that a moral-political argument is being carried out by means of parody ".