The JPL Director also serves as a Caltech Vice President and is responsible to the President of the Institute for the management of the Laboratory.

In addition to managing JPL, Caltech also operates the Palomar Observatory in San Diego County, the Owens Valley Radio Observatory in Bishop, California, the Submillimeter Observatory and W. M. Keck Observatory at the Mauna Kea Observatory, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory at Livingston, Louisiana and Richland, Washington, and Kerckhoff Marine Laboratory in Corona del Mar, California.

In addition to its government work, JPL has also assisted the nearby motion picture and television industries, by advising them about scientific accuracy in their productions.

JPL has also conducted extensive mapping missions of Earth.

The JPL Advanced Projects Design Team, also known as Team X, is an interdisciplinary team of engineers that " utilizes concurrent engineering methodologies to complete rapid design, analysis and evaluation of mission concept designs ".

JPL also provided a set of atmospheric and navigation sensors for the Solo Spirit round-the-world manned balloon flights, both to support the balloon missions and to validate technologies for planetary aerobots.

JPL has also pursued similar studies on Venus aerobots.

While the IND is best known for its duties relating to the Deep Space Network, the organization also maintains the JPL Advanced Multi-Mission Operations System ( AMMOS ) and JPL's Institutional Computing and Information Services ( ICIS ).

Cole also took steps to control its technology by creating an in-house development organization ( headed by Harvey Jean, formerly of JPL, as VP engineering ), and to diversify by funding two outside development teams: Forefront Corporation ( the developer of the product that would later be named " Framework ") and Queue Associates.

The JPL astronomers also noted that there are " 50 billion other galaxies ," potentially yielding more than one sextillion " Earth analog " planets if all galaxies have similar numbers of planets to the Milky Way.

In 2007, researchers at JPL / Caltech have also discovered Raman lasing with fluorite resonators, demonstrating record low threshold and high efficiency.

The project is carried out by a multi-university consortium headed by the University of Pennsylvania and which also includes University of Toronto, Brown University, the University of Miami, the University of British Columbia, JPL, INAOE, and Cardiff University.

World Wind is also capable of displaying MODIS imagery from the JPL Aqua and Terra satellites.

* NASA's Planetary Data System ( PDS )-a database of information on solar system objects, also maintained by JPL

* NASA / IPAC Extragalactic Database ( NED )-a database of information on objects outside the Milky Way, also maintained by JPL.

People of note born in Wynnewood include musician Roy Milton, General Tommy Franks, who commanded the invasion forces of Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan and Operation Iraqi Freedom in Iraq, and Donna Shirley, who led the Mars Pathfinder project at JPL and James Allen, former NFL running back for the Chicago Bears and Houston Texans.

He led the science team, which included members from Cornell University, University of Maryland, University of Arizona, Brown University, Belton Space Exploration Initiatives, JPL, University of Hawaii, SAIC, Ball Aerospace, and Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik.

JPL engineers designed and operated Ranger and Surveyor missions to the Moon that prepared the way for Apollo.

When SIM Lite entered what JPL terms " Phase B " in 2003 Fringes: Space Interferometry Mission Newsletter, called it a most important milestone on the way to a 2009 launch.

Brought back to Earth by the U. S. Space Shuttle, the WFPC2 is loaded for transport after display at JPL on its way to its final home at the National Air and Space Museum in 2010

The Mariner program was a program conducted by the American space agency NASA in conjunction with Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ) that launched a series of robotic interplanetary probes designed to investigate Mars, Venus and Mercury from 1962 to 1973.

Mariner 3 ( together with Mariner 4 known as Mariner-Mars 1964 ) was one of two identical deep-space probes designed and built by Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ) for NASA's Mariner Mars 1964 Project that were intended to conduct close-up ( flyby ) scientific observations of the planet Mars and transmit information on interplanetary space and the space surrounding Mars, televised images of the Martian surface and occultation data of spacecraft radio signals as affected by the Martian atmosphere back to Earth.

The community surrounding JPL drove tremendous innovation in telecommunication, interplanetary exploration and earth monitoring ( among other areas ).

On December 3, 1958, JPL was transferred from the US Army to NASA and given responsibility for the design and execution of lunar and planetary exploration programs using remotely-controlled spacecraft.

Mariner Mark II was NASA's planned family of unmanned spacecraft for the exploration of the outer solar system that were to be developed and operated by JPL between 1990 through the year 2010.

* Star with Midriff Bulge Eyed by Astronomers, JPL press release, July 25, 2001.

) The ephemerides continued on this basis through 1983 ( with some changes due to adoption of improved values of astronomical constants ), after which, for 1984 onwards, they adopted the JPL ephemerides.

In 1954, JPL teamed up with Wernher von Braun ’ s rocketeers at the Army Ballistic Missile Agency ’ s Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville, Alabama, to propose orbiting a satellite during the International Geophysical Year.

JPL has been recognized four times by the Space Foundation: with the Douglas S. Morrow Public Outreach Award, which is given annually to an individual or organization that has made significant contributions to public awareness of space programs, in 1998 ; and with the John L. " Jack " Swigert, Jr., Award for Space Exploration on three occasions – in 2009 ( as part of NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander Team ), 2006 and 2005.

Almost all of the of the U. S. federal government / NASA owned property that makes up the JPL campus is today located in the city of La Cañada Flintridge, California, on the northwest border of Pasadena, with a La Cañada Flintridge address ( 4800 Oak Grove Drive, La Cañada Flintridge, CA 91011 ).

The city of La Cañada Flintridge, California was incorporated in 1976, well after JPL attained international recognition with a Pasadena address.

JPL manages the worldwide Deep Space Network, with facilities in California's Mojave Desert, in Spain near Madrid, and in Australia near Canberra.

The rebadging rules were designed to make JPL compliant with FIPS 201.

Conversely, JPL, through the Caltech lawyers representing the laboratory, allege that Coppedge's termination was simply due to budget cuts and his demotion from team lead was because of harassment complaints and from on-going conflicts with his co-workers.

* JPL NASA: Perspective View with Landsat Overlay, Lakes Managua and Nicaragua

On 1989-Aug-25 Castalia passed ( within eleven lunar distances ) of Earth, allowing it to be observed with radar from the Arecibo Observatory by Scott Hudson ( Washington State University ) and Steven J. Ostro ( JPL ).

* The Jet Propulsion Laboratory Developmental Ephemeris ( JPL DE ) is a widely used model of the solar system, which combines celestial mechanics with numerical analysis and astronomical and spacecraft data.

Together with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ), ABMA built Explorer 1 in 84 days and launched it on January 31, 1958.

Among the inner centaurs, 2005 VD, with a perihelion distance very near Jupiter, is listed as a centaur by both JPL and DES.

In 1971 Fred collaborated with Jack Hatfield, a programmer at JPL, to write an enhanced version of RETRIEVE which became the JPLDIS project.

The antennas at all three DSN Complexes communicate directly with the Deep Space Operations Center ( DSOC ) located at the JPL facilities in Pasadena, California.

The Interplanetary Network Directorate ( IND ) manages the program within JPL and is charged with the development and operation of it.

Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ) lost contact with Spirit after last hearing from the rover on March 22, 2010 and continued attempts to regain communications until May 25, 2011 bringing the elapsed mission time to 6 years 2 months 19 days or over 25 times the original planned mission duration.

In the early 1990s KDA was involved with NASA's JPL and Germany's DASA in software development of the test / checkout system, as well as spacecraft hardware production, for the NASA / ESA Cassini-Huygens space probe.

Hence, beginning in 1958, NASA JPL and the Caltech crew became focused primarily on unmanned flight and shifted away from military applications with a few exceptions.

Wilshire relies on the field of quantitative analytics, which uses mathematical tools to analyze market risks-a methodology Tito is credited with helping to develop by applying the same techniques he used to determine a spacecraft's path at JPL.