In March 2011, astronomers at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ) reported that about " 1. 4 to 2. 7 percent " of all sunlike stars are expected to have earthlike planets " within the habitable zones of their stars ".

The JPL Director also serves as a Caltech Vice President and is responsible to the President of the Institute for the management of the Laboratory.

In addition to managing JPL, Caltech also operates the Palomar Observatory in San Diego County, the Owens Valley Radio Observatory in Bishop, California, the Submillimeter Observatory and W. M. Keck Observatory at the Mauna Kea Observatory, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory at Livingston, Louisiana and Richland, Washington, and Kerckhoff Marine Laboratory in Corona del Mar, California.

JPL also led the way in interplanetary exploration with the Mariner missions to Venus, Mars, and Mercury.

In addition to its government work, JPL has also assisted the nearby motion picture and television industries, by advising them about scientific accuracy in their productions.

JPL has also conducted extensive mapping missions of Earth.

The JPL Advanced Projects Design Team, also known as Team X, is an interdisciplinary team of engineers that " utilizes concurrent engineering methodologies to complete rapid design, analysis and evaluation of mission concept designs ".

JPL also provided a set of atmospheric and navigation sensors for the Solo Spirit round-the-world manned balloon flights, both to support the balloon missions and to validate technologies for planetary aerobots.

JPL has also pursued similar studies on Venus aerobots.

While the IND is best known for its duties relating to the Deep Space Network, the organization also maintains the JPL Advanced Multi-Mission Operations System ( AMMOS ) and JPL's Institutional Computing and Information Services ( ICIS ).

Cole also took steps to control its technology by creating an in-house development organization ( headed by Harvey Jean, formerly of JPL, as VP engineering ), and to diversify by funding two outside development teams: Forefront Corporation ( the developer of the product that would later be named " Framework ") and Queue Associates.

In 2007, researchers at JPL / Caltech have also discovered Raman lasing with fluorite resonators, demonstrating record low threshold and high efficiency.

The project is carried out by a multi-university consortium headed by the University of Pennsylvania and which also includes University of Toronto, Brown University, the University of Miami, the University of British Columbia, JPL, INAOE, and Cardiff University.

World Wind is also capable of displaying MODIS imagery from the JPL Aqua and Terra satellites.

* NASA's Planetary Data System ( PDS )-a database of information on solar system objects, also maintained by JPL

* NASA / IPAC Extragalactic Database ( NED )-a database of information on objects outside the Milky Way, also maintained by JPL.

The similarity between Mimas's appearance and the Death Star in Star Wars due to the large size of Herschel has often been noted, both in the press and in NASA / JPL press releases.

3200 Phaethon (, sometimes incorrectly spelled Phaeton ) is an asteroid with an unusual orbit that brings it closer to the Sun than any other named asteroid ( though there are several unnamed asteroids, including three numbered ones, with smaller perihelia, e. g. ).< ref name = jplperilist > JPL Small-Body Database Search Engine results for asteroids with q < 0. 141 AU Retrieved 2011-09-05.

These are some of the missions partially sponsored by JPL:

The details of this cooperation and operation are available in a two-volume technical report from JPL.

* Portions of this article are adopted from NASA / JPL MER article.

Typically, unmanned earth observation missions and observatories in Earth orbit are managed by GSFC, while unmanned planetary missions are managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ) in Pasadena, California.

Partnering with the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ) on the mission are the California Institute of Technology, Orbital Sciences Corporation, University of California, Berkeley, Yonsei University, Johns Hopkins University, Columbia University, and Laboratoire d ' Astrophysique de Marseille, France.

that the JPL Ephemeris Tape System was " used for virtually all computations of spacecraft trajectories in the US space program ", and that it had, as its current lunar ephemeris, an evaluation of the Improved Lunar Ephemeris incorporating a number of corrections: sources are named as ' The Improved Lunar Ephemeris ' ( documentation which was the report of the Eckert computations carried out by the SSEC, complete with lunar position results from 1952 – 1971 ), with corrections as described by Eckert et al.

In 2008, JPL spent over $ 1. 6 billion on research and development and employed over 5, 000 project-related and support employees.

OTT protects and manages the intellectual property developed by faculty members, students, other researchers, and JPL technologists.

JPL scientists confirmed that another impact event on Jupiter had occurred, probably a small undiscovered comet or other icy body.

Among other limitations, the Army submission focused on the vehicle, while a payload was assumed to become available from JPL, and the network of ground tracking stations was assumed to be a Navy project.

Both JPL and Lockheed Martin began to prepare flight data and other records for the MIB.

One driven out of Caltech and NASA JPL, the other from the German scientists that developed the early V2 rocket guidance and MIT.

The community surrounding JPL drove tremendous innovation in telecommunication, interplanetary exploration and earth monitoring ( among other areas ).

Old Pasadena began as the center of an enlightened " Athens of the West " that gave rise to Caltech, JPL, as well as Beckman Instruments, Aerojet and numerous other industrial giants.

According to Slava Turyshev of JPL in the paper " Support for temporally varying behavior of the Pioneer anomaly from the extended Pioneer 10 and 11 data sets ," published in Physical Review Letters in 2011, the anomaly has a temporally-decaying ( not constant as previously thought ) nature and points towards Earth.

By 2005, Greenland was beginning to lose more ice volume than anyone expected – an annual loss of up to per year, according to more recent satellite gravity measurements released by JPL.

JPL continued to work on a more focused, low-cost experiments to lead to a Mars aerobot, under the name MABVAP, for " Mars Aerobot Validation Program ".

* telnet :// ssd. jpl. nasa. gov: 6775 telnet for JPL Horizons, easier and more comprehensive than web version

* telnet :// ssd. jpl. nasa. gov: 6775 telnet for JPL Horizons, easier and more comprehensive than web version

* telnet :// ssd. jpl. nasa. gov: 6775 telnet for JPL Horizons, easier and more comprehensive than web version

JPL reported that MARIE-measured radiation levels were two to three times greater than at the International Space Station ( which is 100-200mSv / a ).

The same driving commands produced the same results in a software testbed at JPL, indicating that the curving resulted from how software parameters were set, rather than a hardware problem.

Mariner 3 ( together with Mariner 4 known as Mariner-Mars 1964 ) was one of two identical deep-space probes designed and built by Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ) for NASA's Mariner Mars 1964 Project that were intended to conduct close-up ( flyby ) scientific observations of the planet Mars and transmit information on interplanetary space and the space surrounding Mars, televised images of the Martian surface and occultation data of spacecraft radio signals as affected by the Martian atmosphere back to Earth.

The JPL mission designers planned multiple launches in each block, to maximize the engineering experience and scientific value of the mission and to assure at least one successful flight.

Five tiger teams were set up to find and correct the problem, one at each NASA center, from CalTech JPL in the west to Goddard SFC ( GSFC ) in the east.

JPL eventually fired 3, 544 at White Sands during the testing program, where it was discovered that the launch of one rocket would affect the flight path of the ones behind it, making the dispersion too large to be a useful weapon.