) The ephemerides continued on this basis through 1983 ( with some changes due to adoption of improved values of astronomical constants ), after which, for 1984 onwards, they adopted the JPL ephemerides.

JPL continued to work on a more focused, low-cost experiments to lead to a Mars aerobot, under the name MABVAP, for " Mars Aerobot Validation Program ".

Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ) lost contact with Spirit after last hearing from the rover on March 22, 2010 and continued attempts to regain communications until May 25, 2011 bringing the elapsed mission time to 6 years 2 months 19 days or over 25 times the original planned mission duration.

After unsuccessful attempts to contact the lander by the Mars Odyssey orbiter up to and past the Martian summer solstice on May 12, 2010, JPL declared the lander to be dead.

Ephemeris data generated by JPL Horizons indicates that Opportunity would be able to observe the transit from the start until local sunset at about 19: 23 UTC, while Spirit would be able to observe it from local sunrise at about 19: 38 UTC until the end of the transit.

His next job was at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ) where he worked until 1986.

The lab has an open house once a year on a Saturday and Sunday in May or June, when the public is invited to tour the facilities and see live demonstrations of JPL science and technology.

* The First Man In Space – NASA / JPL translation of Soviet Radio and Newspaper Reports – May 1, 1961

* Mars Exploration Rover project, NASA / JPL document NSS ISDC 2001 27 May 2001

NASA / JPL Pasadena CA, May 1987.

NASA / JPL, May 1985

William Hayward Pickering, ONZ, KBE ( 24 December 1910 – 15 March 2004 ) was a New Zealand born rocket scientist who headed Pasadena, California's Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ) for 22 years, retiring in 1976.

JPL shows that the uncertainty region of the asteroid will cause it to mostly likely pass from 0. 06 AU to 0. 24 AU from the Earth in 2127.

In March 2011, astronomers at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ) reported that about " 1. 4 to 2. 7 percent " of all sunlike stars are expected to have earthlike planets " within the habitable zones of their stars ".

According to Slava Turyshev of JPL in the paper " Support for temporally varying behavior of the Pioneer anomaly from the extended Pioneer 10 and 11 data sets ," published in Physical Review Letters in 2011, the anomaly has a temporally-decaying ( not constant as previously thought ) nature and points towards Earth.

" 359 Georgia ( 1893 M )" JPL Small-Body Database, retrieved 28 August 2011

JPL traces its beginnings to 1936 in the Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology ( GALCIT ) when the first set of rocket experiments were carried out in the Arroyo Seco.

The forerunner of the DSN was established in January 1958, when JPL, then under contract to the U. S. Army, deployed portable radio tracking stations in Nigeria, Singapore, and California to receive telemetry and plot the orbit of the Army-launched Explorer 1, the first successful U. S. satellite.

During the initial proceedings it was learned that dBASE's file format and language had been based on a mainframe product used at JPL, where Ratliff had been working when he first created Vulcan.

There was an intentionally competitive aspect to this strategy, which was " won " by JPL in the spring of 1968 when it was shown that the problem was caused by the unexpectedly large local gravity anomalies on the moon arising from large ringed maria, mountain ranges and craters on the moon.

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory's ( JPL ) website shows that between the years 1900 and 2200, that the comet is only insignificantly perturbed by Saturn on July 29, 1957, when it passes within 1. 6AU of the giant planet's powerful influence.

Its earliest known appearance was when it was submitted to the USENET group net. sources in September, 1986 by a contributor from JPL called Adams Douglas, who was not the author of the program.

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ) is a federally funded research and development center ( FFRDC ) owned by NASA and operated as a division of Caltech through a contract between NASA and Caltech.

Remote Agent ( remote intelligent self-repair software )( RAX ), developed at NASA Ames Research Center and JPL, was the first artificial intelligence control system to control a spacecraft without human supervision.

* Electric Propulsion at NASA JPL

Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ) is a federally funded research and development center and NASA field center located in Pasadena, California.

JPL was transferred to NASA in December 1958, becoming the agency ’ s primary planetary spacecraft center.

Almost all of the of the U. S. federal government / NASA owned property that makes up the JPL campus is today located in the city of La Cañada Flintridge, California, on the northwest border of Pasadena, with a La Cañada Flintridge address ( 4800 Oak Grove Drive, La Cañada Flintridge, CA 91011 ).

JPL is a federally funded research and development center ( FFRDC ) managed and operated by Caltech under a contract from NASA.

On August 30, 2007, a group of JPL employees filed suit in federal court against NASA, Caltech, and the Department of Commerce, claiming their Constitutional rights were being violated by new, overly invasive background investigations.

* JPL NASA: Perspective View with Landsat Overlay, Lakes Managua and Nicaragua

The Mariner program was a program conducted by the American space agency NASA in conjunction with Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ) that launched a series of robotic interplanetary probes designed to investigate Mars, Venus and Mercury from 1962 to 1973.

No doubt several factors contributed to the " missing hyphen " narrative and its longevity, even in official accounts from technical cognoscenti at JPL and NASA.

** an expensive failure of a three-way collaboration ( JPL, NASA, USAF ),

That was the gamble that NASA and the JPL were forced to take.

By this time, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ) of the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ) had become interested in the idea of planetary aerobots, and in fact a team under Jim Cutts of JPL had been working on concepts for planetary aerobots for several years, as well as performing experiments to validate aerobot technology.

* NASA / JPL Ulysses website

* ESA / NASA / JPL: Ulysses subsystems and instrumentation in high detail

* Image Courtesy SRTM Team NASA / JPL / NIMA

* NASA JPL Pioneer 3 & 4

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ) at the California Institute of Technology was an Army research operation at that time, years before NASA.

* Official NASA JPL page about the Golden Record

JPL provided mission management for the NASA division for mission operations.

* NASA / JPL homepage for Stardust project