It was the prospect of bowling at this line-up that caused England's 1932 – 33 captain Douglas Jardine to adopt the tactic of fast leg theory, also known as Bodyline.

Jardine insisted that the tactic was legitimate and called it " leg theory " but it was widely disparaged by its opponents, who dubbed it " Bodyline " ( from " on the line of the body ").

Fender showed these letters to Jardine when it became clear that he was to captain the MCC in Australia during the 1932-33 tour, and he also discussed Bradman's discomfort at the Oval.

Jardine felt that Bradman was afraid to stand his ground against intimidatory bowling, citing instances in 1930 when he shuffled about, contrary to orthodox batting technique.

When Jardine was appointed England's captain for the 1932 – 33 English tour of Australia, a meeting was arranged with Nottinghamshire captain Arthur Carr and his two fast bowlers Harold Larwood and Bill Voce at London's Piccadilly Hotel to discuss a plan to combat Bradman's extraordinary skills.

He was representing England in a side captained by Jardine.

In the second innings, Jardine was 96 not out when the game ended, having batted his team to safety.

Jardine accelerated after another slow start, during which he was again barracked to score his third century.

It was not unusual for Oxford and Cambridge cricketers to wear similar caps while batting, as both Jardine and MCC captain Percy Chapman did so on this tour, although it was slightly unorthodox to wear them while fielding.

Jardine was rested from that match and his deputy, Bob Wyatt, deployed the full bodyline tactics for the first time on the tour.

Of the four fast bowlers in the tour party, Gubby Allen was a voice of dissent in the English camp, refusing to bowl short on the leg side, and writing several letters home to England critical of Jardine, although he did not express this in public in Australia.

Bradman missed the first Test due to illness, although Jardine refused to believe this and thought the real reason was that the batsman had suffered a nervous breakdown due to his tactical scheme.

Jardine, who was known for being extremely dour even by the standards of the day, openly exulted and danced wildly upon Bradman's demise.

Jardine wrote that Larwood had asked for the field, while Larwood said that it was Jardine's decision.

Jardine however insisted his tactic was not designed to cause injury and that he was leading his team in a sportsmanlike and gentlemanly manner, arguing that it was up to the Australian batsmen to play their way out of trouble.

William Jardine ( 24 February 1784 – 27 February 1843 ) was a Scottish physician and merchant.

Jardine was a resident in China from 1820 to 1839.

James Matheson joined him shortly after, and Magniac & Co. was reconstituted as Jardine, Matheson & Co in 1832.

Jardine, one of five children, was born in 1784 on a small farm near Lochmaben, Dumfriesshire, Scotland.

His father, Andrew Jardine, died when he was nine, leading the family in some economic difficulty.

The tourists were criticised in the press for not allowing Jardine to reach his hundred, but they had tried to help him with some easy bowling.

The tourists were criticised in the press for not allowing Jardine to reach his hundred, particularly as the match was reduced from three days to two days at the request of the Australians, who wished to have a rest day in between matches.

Once the team arrived in Australia, Jardine quickly alienated the press by refusing to give team details before a match and being uncooperative during interviews.

It had also been suggested in the press that Jardine should captain the Gentlemen, with a view towards the future of the England Test team, but this did not happen.

In this latter match, when Percy Chapman withdrew at the last minute, Jardine took over the captaincy, earning praise in the press for his performance.

Jardine never provided an explanation, to the Australian press nor afterwards.

Once the team arrived in Australia, Jardine quickly alienated the press by refusing to give team details before a match and being uncooperative when interviewed by journalists.

Sections of the press thought he should remain England captain, but he was replaced as Test captain by Jardine.

" Christopher Douglas believes that the difference between Jardine and Chapman in captaincy style made it harder for the press to accept Jardine.

Consequently, Fender was sacked in January 1932 and replaced with Jardine, a move which had been rumoured in the press for some time and which was leaked shortly afterwards.

Jardine wanted the opium trade to expand in China and despatched Matheson to England to lobby the Government to press the Qing government to further open up trade.

In 1970, Jardine Fleming, the first merchant bank in Asia, opened for business while a real estate company and sugar plantations in Hawaii and the Philippines were acquired.

During the 1970s Jardines also expanded their insurance interests with acquisitions in the United Kingdom and the United States laying the groundwork for the foundation of Jardine Insurance Brokers.

Hongkong Land became a Group subsidiary for the first time following a multi-year programme of steady open market purchases while Jardine Pacific raised its interest in Hong Kong Air Cargo Terminals Limited from 25 % to 42 %.

* Alain Le Pichon, China Trade and Empire: Jardine, Matheson & Co. And the Origins of British Rule in Hong Kong, 1827-1843 ( Oxford ; New York: Published for The British Academy by Oxford University Press, 2006 ).

Although Jardine may simply have worn the cap out of superstition, it conveyed a negative impression to the spectators ; his general demeanour drew one comment of " Where's the butler to carry the bat for you?

It is certain that Jardine by this stage had developed an intense dislike for Australian crowds.

* Machiavelli and the Italian City on the BBC's In Our Time with Melvyn Bragg ; with Quentin Skinner, Regius Professor of History at the University of Cambridge ; Evelyn Welch, Professor of Renaissance Studies at Queen Mary, University of London ; Lisa Jardine, Director of the Centre for Editing Lives and Letters at Queen Mary, University of London

Science fiction writer Jack Jardine ( writing as Larry Maddock ) originally came up with an idea for a " Man From U. N. C. L. E.

After Imperial Commissioner Lin Zexu confiscated 20, 000 cases of British-owned opium in 1839, Jardine arrived in London in September, and pressed Foreign Secretary Lord Palmerston for a forceful response.

In 1824, a very important opportunity arose for Jardine.

In later years, Jardine had helped Daniel by sending his young son Daniel Francis, his child by his Chinese wife, to Scotland for school.

Hollingworth, after an extensive search for a senior partner, settled with Jardine, whose business reputation was already well known throughout Asia.

This created the perfect opportunity for Matheson to join in commerce with Jardine.

Matheson proved a perfect partner for Jardine.

Rather than dismiss the elderly employee, Jardine had allowed the man to retire in honor and in his usual generous character, set up a considerable retirement fund for the man and his family.

Upon the death of his older brother, David, Jardine set up a fund for his brother's widow and arranged schooling for his four sons.

Jardine was known for his legendary imperiousness and pride.

With its first voyage carrying tea, the Jardine clipper ship " Sarah " left for England.