Seven Founders -- George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay -- determined the destinies of the new nation.

As Madison commented to Jefferson in 1789, `` We are in a wilderness without a single footstep to guide us.

Historians have traditionally regarded the great debates of the Seventeen Nineties as polarizing the issues of centralized vs. limited government, with Hamilton and the nationalists supporting the former and Jefferson and Madison upholding the latter position.

The state's rights position was formulated by Jefferson and Madison in the Kentucky and Virginia Resolves, but in their later careers as heads of state the two proved themselves better Hamiltonians than Jeffersonians.

In purchasing Louisiana, Jefferson had to adopt Hamilton's broad construction of the Constitution, and so did Madison in advocating the rechartering of Hamilton's bank, which he had so strenuously opposed at its inception, and in adopting a Hamiltonian protective tariff.

Opposition to them resulted in the highly controversial Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, authored by James Madison and Thomas Jefferson.

Jefferson and James Madison also secretly drafted the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions denouncing the federal legislation, though state legislatures rejected these resolutions.

Though the resolutions followed the " interposition " approach of James Madison, Jefferson advocated nullification and at one point drafted a threat for Kentucky to secede.

" Chernow argues that neither Jefferson nor Madison sensed that they had sponsored measures as inimical as the Alien and Sedition Acts themselves.

In 1787, James Madison wrote Thomas Jefferson in France for background information on constitutional government to use at the Constitutional Convention.

* Presidents Park – Freshmen – Completed in 1989, and housing approximately 1, 100 students in twelve halls ( Adams, Kennedy, Roosevelt, Harrison, Lincoln, Truman, Jackson, Madison, Wilson, Jefferson, Monroe, Washington ).

Breaking with Hamilton and what became the Federalist Party in 1791, Madison and Thomas Jefferson organized what they called the Republican Party ( later called by historians the Democratic-Republican Party ) He co-authored, along with Thomas Jefferson, the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions in 1798 to protest the Alien and Sedition Acts.

As Jefferson ’ s Secretary of State ( 1801 – 1809 ), Madison supervised the Louisiana Purchase, which doubled the nation ’ s size.

As a young man during the American Revolutionary War, Madison served in the Virginia state legislature ( 1776 – 79 ), where he became known as a protégé of the delegate Thomas Jefferson.

Madison attained prominence in Virginia politics, working with Jefferson to draft the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, which was finally passed in 1786.

Working closely with Madison and Jefferson, Bishop Madison helped lead the College through the changes involving separation from both Great Britain and the Church of England.

Madison and Thomas Jefferson were the leaders of this second group.

As early as May 26, 1792, Hamilton complained, " Mr. Madison cooperating with Mr. Jefferson is at the head of a faction decidedly hostile to me and my administration.

Congressman Madison and Vice President Jefferson were outraged.

Madison and Jefferson secretly drafted the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions declaring the Alien and Sedition Acts to be unconstitutional and noted that " states, in contesting obnoxious laws, should ' interpose for arresting the progress of the evil.

Jefferson went further, urging states to secede if necessary, though Madison convinced Jefferson to back down from this extreme view.

On September 15, 1794, James Madison married Dolley Payne Todd, a young widow, at Harewood, in what is now Jefferson County, West Virginia.

Due to pressure against the Adams Administration from Jefferson and his supporters, Congress released the papers related to the XYZ Affair, which rallied a shift in popular opinion from Jefferson and the French government to supporting Adams.

Working closely with Aaron Burr, Jefferson rallied his party and ran for the Presidency in 1800.

The first day, 1, 000 protestors rallied against the busing, and a few days into the process, 8, 000 to 10, 000 whites from Jefferson County, Kentucky, many teenagers, rallied at the district's high schools and fought with police trying to break up the crowds.

Working closely with Aaron Burr of New York, Jefferson rallied his party, attacking the new taxes especially, and ran for the Presidency in the 1800 election.

He supported Alexander Hamilton's programs to pay off all state and national debt, to implement an effective tax system and to create a national bank ( despite opposition from Thomas Jefferson ).

The congressional nominating caucus experienced little opposition during the administrations of Jefferson and Madison, but this situation changed in the election year of 1816.

" Due to their opposition to Hamilton, Jefferson and James Madison organized and led the anti-administration party ( called Republican, and known later as Democratic-Republican ).

Jacksonians looked to Jefferson for opposition to the National Bank and internal improvements and support of egalitarian democracy and state power.

Four states ' electors voted for Clinton and one ( Kentucky ) for Jefferson for Vice President in opposition to incumbent John Adams as well as casting their votes for President Washington.

* June 20 – Compromise of 1790: Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton come to an agreement: Madison agrees to not be " strenuous " in opposition for the assumption of state debts by the federal government ; Hamilton agrees to support the capital site being above the Potomac.

In the next election, Jackson's and Adams ' supporters saw value in establishing the opinion of Jefferson in regards to their respective candidates and against their opposition.

Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson and James Madison led the opposition, which claimed that the bank was unconstitutional, and that it benefited merchants and investors at the expense of the majority of the population.

During the early 19th century, several attempts to create a second medical school in Philadelphia had been stymied, largely due to the efforts of University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine alumni In an attempt to circumvent that opposition, a group of Philadelphia physicians led by Dr. George McClellan sent a letter to the trustees of Jefferson College in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania ( now Washington & Jefferson College ) in 1824, asking the College to establish a medical department in Philadelphia.

Having already lost the presidential contest, Federalist Party Representatives in the lame duck House session seized upon the opportunity to embarrass their opposition and attempted to elect Burr over Jefferson.

In later years, she renewed correspondence with Thomas Jefferson, whose political opposition to her husband had hurt her deeply.

While the Assembly ’ s reasoning is superficially logical, its rejection of the name “ Jefferson ” almost certainly was motivated by the considerable antagonism held by dominant Federalist politicians in Hartford, who led New England in their opposition to President Jefferson and his policies.

The Society's name is said to have been based on the 18th-century Federalist Party ; however, James Madison associated with Thomas Jefferson and the Democratic-Republican Party in opposition to Federalist Party policies borne from a loose interpretation of the Commerce Clause.

According to Jefferson, the clause was opposed by South Carolina and Georgia, plus unspecified " northern brethren "; that is the limit of known information about opposition to the clause.

In that house, or the church itself, he was visited by Founding Fathers of the United States such as Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, and Thomas Paine ; other American politicians such as John Adams, who later became the second president of the United States, and his wife Abigail ; British politicians such as Lord Lyttleton, the Earl of Shelburne, Earl Stanhope ( known as " Citizen Stanhope "), and even the Prime Minister William Pitt ; philosophers David Hume and Adam Smith ; agitators such as prison reformer John Howard, gadfly John Horne Tooke, and husband and wife John and Ann Jebb, who between them campaigned on expansion of the franchise, opposition to the war with America, support for the French Revolution, abolitionism, and an end to legal discrimination against Roman Catholics ; writers such as poet and banker Samuel Rogers ; and clergyman-mathematician Thomas Bayes, of Bayes ' theorem.

* June 20, 1790: Compromise of 1790: Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton come to an agreement: Madison agrees to not be " strenuous " in opposition for the assumption of state debts by the federal government ; Hamilton agrees to support the capital site being above the Potomac River.

But, the four presidential terms spanning the period from 1800 to 1817 “ did little to advance the cause of states ’ rights and much to weaken it .” Over Jefferson ’ s opposition, the power of the federal judiciary, led by Federalist Chief Justice John Marshall, increased.

Hardee renewed his opposition to serving under Bragg and joined a group of officers who finally convinced Confederate President Jefferson Davis to relieve his old friend.

The term was commonly used to refer to the Democratic-Republican Party which Jefferson founded in opposition to the Federalist Party of Alexander Hamilton.

In the October 4, 2008 Democratic primary, opposition to Jefferson was split among six contenders.

The idea of loyal opposition in the United States was formed during the rivalry between Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton and the peaceful transfer of power when Jefferson won the presidential election.