* August 7 – Jin Shengtan, Chinese editor, writer and critic ( b. 1608 )

** Jin Shengtan, Chinese editor ( d. 1661 )

Jin Shengtan () ( 1610 ?－ 7 August 1661 ), former name Jin Renrui ( 金人瑞 ), also known as Jin Kui ( 金喟 ), was a Chinese editor, writer and critic, who has been called the champion of Vernacular Chinese literature.

" On the other hand, the famous critic Jin Shengtan considered it silly to declare a book containing sex to be immoral, since " If we consider more carefully, what day is without it?

* Jin Shengtan ( 金聖嘆 ) ( born Jin Renrui 金人瑞 )

The Jurchen-founded Jin Dynasty was defeated by the Mongols, who then proceeded to defeat the Southern Song in a long and bloody war, the first war in which firearms played an important role.

Before that, it had been the capital of the Jin, who did not rule all of China.

South Korean scholar So Jin Cheol claim that Bu is not Yūryaku but Sima, who became King Muryeong of Baekje.

In the last two works, we also get the point of view of Armsman Roic and the boy Jin, who are less privileged and articulate.

In the Middle Ages, the Mongol Empire's campaign against China ( then comprising the Western Xia Dynasty, Jin Dynasty, and Southern Song Dynasty ) by Genghis Khan until Kublai Khan, who eventually established the Yuan Dynasty in 1271, with their armies was extremely effective, allowing the Mongols to sweep through large areas.

* The Emperor of Jin China surrenders to the Mongols under Genghis Khan, who have besieged Beijing for a year.

* Jin China is overrun by the Mongols under Genghis Khan, who plunder the countryside and cities, until only Beijing remains free, despite two bloody palace coups and a lengthy siege.

Liu Bian took the Han throne as Emperor Shao, and He Jin plotted with warlord Yuan Shao to assassinate the Ten Attendants, a clique of ten eunuchs led by Zhang Rang who controlled much of the imperial court.

He is replaced by his granduncle Sima Yu, who is installed as Jin Jianwendi.

In the early 12th century the Tungusic Jurchen people, who were Liao's tributaries, overthrew the Liao and formed the Jin Dynasty ( 1115 – 1234 ), which went on to control parts of Northern China and Mongolia.

The Former Zhao state is proclaimed ; Liu Can and the state ruling family at Pingyang is executed by a coup d ' état of Jin Zhun, who is in turn overthrown by Shi Le and Liu Yao.

In 194 BC, King Jun fled to Jin state after a coup by Wiman, who founded Wiman Joseon.

On January 9, 1127, Jin forces ransacked Kaifeng, capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, capturing both Emperor Qinzong and his father, Emperor Huizong, who had abdicated in panic in the face of Jin forces.

In 1149 he was murdered by a cabal of relatives and nobles, who made his cousin Wányán Liàng the next Jin emperor.

In Empire of The Steppes, René Grousset reports that the Mongols were always amazed at the valor of the Jin warriors, who held out until seven years after the death of Genghis Khan.

As the Liao Empire fell apart and the Song retreated beyond the Yangtze, the army of the new Jin Dynasty absorbed many soldiers who formerly fought for the Liao or Song.

Both in 1129 – 30 and in 1161 Jin forces were defeated by the Southern Song navies when trying to cross the Yangtze River into the core Southern Song territory ( see Battle of Tangdao and Battle of Caishi ), even though for the latter campaign the Jin had equipped a large navy of their own, using Chinese shipbuildiers and even Chinese captains who had defected from the Southern Song.

But heavy Chinese resistance and the geography of the area halted the Jin advance, and they were forced retreat and withdraw, and they had not been able to escape the Song navy when trying to return until they were directed by a Chinese defector who helped them escape in Chenkiang.

Later on during the Western Jin Dynasty, it was a Xiongnu noble from Hetao, Liu Yuan, who established the Han Zhao kingdom in the region, thereby beginning the Sixteen Kingdoms period that saw the disintegration of northern China under a variety of Han and non-Han ( including Xiongnu and Xianbei ) regimes.

The Khitans were later replaced by the Jurchens, precursors to the modern Manchus, who established the Jin Dynasty over Manchuria and northern China.

Sun Quan also sought out talented young men to serve as his personal advisors, and it was around this time that he befriended Lu Su and Zhuge Jin, who would later play prominent roles in his administration.

In 1234, the Jin Dynasty was conquered by the Mongols, who took control of northern China, maintaining uneasy relations with the Southern Song.

It exists mainly as a mixture of mythological stories and historical legends recorded in local annals such as the Chronicles of Huayang compiled in the Jin Dynasty ( 265 – 420 ), and oral literature such as the folk stories of Emperor Duyu 杜宇 who lost his kingdom and died a miserable death.

General-in-Chief He Jin ( d. 189 CE ), half-brother to Empress He ( d. 189 CE ), plotted with Yuan Shao ( d. 202 ) to overthrow the eunuchs by having several generals march to the outskirts of the capital.

After defeating the Later Qin army in several battles, as well as an army of Northern Wei troops which had crossed to assist the Later Qin, Liu Yu recaptured the vital cities of Chang ' an and Luoyang, the former capitals of the Jin Empire.

After Jin Dynasty attacked and took parts of the northern territories from the Song Dynasty, initiating the Southern Song period, Western Xia also attacked and took several thousands square miles of land.

The Jurchens then invaded territories under the Han Chinese Northern Song Dynasty and overran most of northern China, first setting up puppet regimes like Qi and Chu, later directly ruling as a dynastic state in Northern China named Jin (" Gold ", not to be confused with the several Jin Dynasties named after the region around Shanxi and Henan ).

The struggle for hegemony eventually created a state system dominated by several large states, such as Jin, Chu, Qin and Qi, while the smaller states of the Central Plains tended to be their satellites and tributaries.

In the Battle of Fancheng, Guan Yu defeated the reinforcement force led by Yu Jin and accepted the surrender of several thousand men.

The state of Jin still nominally existed for several decades afterwards.

Qin and Jin engaged in several battles over the next few years.

He also had several known daughters: Huai Ying ( wife of Duke Huai of Jin, later wife of Duke Wen of Jin ), Wen Ying ( wife of Duke Wen of Jin ), Qin Ying ( wife of King Gong of Chu ), Jianbi and Nongyu ( wife of Xiao Shi ).

In 546 a similar four-power conference recognized several smaller states as satellites of Qi, Jin and Qin.

As Huan himself died in early 373, the threats of a Huan usurpation dissipated, and Jin continued for several decades longer.

Waley also suggests a comparison of the several poems present in the Jin Ping Mei to the poetic production of Xu Wei, and draws attention to the fact that the circulation of the work from Soochow in the XVIII century began from the only known complete copy of a manuscript in the possession of the Xu family, attributed to a scholar of the Jiajing period ; which would, Waley observe, perfectly fit Xu Wei himself.

His dukedom lasted several generations during Wei's successor state, the Jin Dynasty, before being extinguished in the turmoils caused by the Wu Hu.

Er-lang Shen may be a deified version of several semi-mythical folk heroes who help regulate China's torrential floods, dating variously from the Qin, Sui and Jin dynasties.

Chinese stelae from before the Tang dynasty are rare: there are a handful from before the Qin dynasty, roughly a dozen from the Western Han, 160 from the Eastern Han, and several hundred from the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties, and Sui dynasty.

Such division greatly weakened the defense of Wu and three out of these five sons of his were killed in the battles several years after his death, when the Jin Dynasty conquered Wu and united China.

Around the lake is a park in which are found several attractions: Lotus Flower Pagoda ( Lianhua SO, a white structure reminiscent of the White Pagoda ( Baita ) in Beijing's Beihai Park ; Small Gold Mountain ( Xiao Jin Shan ); and the Fishing Platform ( Diaoyutai ), a favorite retreat of the Qing emperor Qian Long.

Before Cao led the main army to the frontline, Yue was assigned several thousand soldiers to reinforce Yu Jin at Yan Ford ( 延津 ; north of modern-day Yanjin, Henan ).

This event led to a civil war in Jin, known as the Li Ji Unrest, where Duke Xian led several campaigns against his own sons, forcing them to flee Jin.

At the same time, though, it laid the framework for the political situation in the later years of Jin, when several houses of nobles came to dominate the ducal court.