At the same time, the Romantic reaction to the Enlightenment produced thinkers, such as Johann Gottfried Herder and later Wilhelm Dilthey, whose work formed the basis for the " culture concept ," which is central to the discipline.

* 1744 – Johann Gottfried Herder, German writer ( d. 1803 )

Scholars of ballads are often divided into two camps, the ‘ communalists ’ who, following the line established by the German scholar Johann Gottfried Herder ( 1744 – 1803 ) and the Brothers Grimm, argue that ballads arose by a combined communal effort and did not have a single author, and ‘ individualists ’, following the thinking of English collector Cecil Sharp, who assert that there was a single original author.

According to Johann Gottfried Walther, writing in 1732, the reason for the name is that " it sounded from far off not unlike a trumpet ".

In 1691 Gottfried Leibniz, Christiaan Huygens, and Johann Bernoulli derived the equation in response to a challenge by Jakob Bernoulli.

Sapir's 1905 Master's thesis was an analysis of Johann Gottfried Herder's Treatise on the Origin of Language, and included examples from Inuit and Native American languages, not at all familiar to a Germanicist.

The legend of Der Erlkönig appears to have originated in fairly recent times in Denmark and Goethe based his poem on " Erlkönigs Tochter " (" Erlkönig's Daughter "), a Danish work translated into German by Johann Gottfried Herder.

" The term is further derived from the German expression Volk, in the sense of " the people as a whole " as applied to popular and national music by Johann Gottfried Herder and the German Romantics over half a century earlier.

* 1724 – Gottfried Heinrich Bach, German son of Johann Sebastian Bach ( d. 1763 )

Weimar ’ s Courtyard of the Muses, a tribute to The Enlightenment and the Weimar Classicism depicting German poets Friedrich Schiller | Schiller, Christoph Martin Wieland | Wieland, Johann Gottfried Herder | Herder and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe | Goethe.

Johann Gottfried von Herder ( 1744 – 1803 ) broke new ground in philosophy and poetry, as a leader of the Sturm und Drang movement of proto-Romanticism.

Other books found in the Harmony Society's library in Economy, include those by the following authors: Christoph Schütz, Gottfried Arnold, Justinus Kerner, Thomas Bromley, Jane Leade, Johann Scheible ( Sixth and Seventh Books of Moses ), Paracelsus, and Georg von Welling, among others.

* 1750 – Johann Gottfried Vierling, German organist and composer ( d. 1813 )

* 1728 – Johann Gottfried Müthel, German composer and noted keyboard virtuoso ( d. 1788 )

He is known as a student of Johann Gottfried Walther and Johann Sebastian Bach.

He wrote numerous histories under the pseudonyms of Abeleus, Philipp Arlanibäus, Johann Ludwig Gottfried and Gotofredus.

Under the influence of Johann Gottfried Herder, he was for 13 years headmaster at the gymnasium and consistorial councilor in Weimar, from 1790 to 1804.

Some notable mathematicians include Archimedes of Syracuse, Leonhard Euler, Carl Gauss, Johann Bernoulli, Jacob Bernoulli, Aryabhata, Brahmagupta, Bhaskara II, Nilakantha Somayaji, Omar Khayyám, Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī, Bernhard Riemann, Gottfried Leibniz, Andrey Kolmogorov, Euclid of Alexandria, Jules Henri Poincaré, Srinivasa Ramanujan, Alexander Grothendieck, David Hilbert, Alan Turing, von Neumann, Kurt Gödel, Joseph-Louis Lagrange, Georg Cantor, William Rowan Hamilton, Carl Jacobi, Évariste Galois, Nikolay Lobachevsky, Rene Descartes, Joseph Fourier, Pierre-Simon Laplace, Alonzo Church, Nikolay Bogolyubov and Pierre de Fermat.

* 1715 – Johann Gottfried Bernhard Bach, German child of Johann Sebastian Bach and Maria Barbara Bach ( d. 1739 )

The term nationalism was coined by Johann Gottfried Herder ( nationalismus ) during the late 1770s.

* 1752 – Johann Gottfried Eichhorn, German theologian ( d. 1827 )

Goethe's associate Johann Gottfried Herder wrote an essay titled Extract from a correspondence about Ossian and the Songs of Ancient Peoples ( 1773 ) in the early days of the Sturm und Drang movement.

The city is the birthplace of one of Johann Sebastian Bach's cousins, Johann Bernhard Bach, as well as Johann Sebastian Bach's father Johann Ambrosius Bach.

* 1654 – Johann Bernhard Staudt, Austrian Jesuit composer ( d. 1712 )

* 1723 – Johann Bernhard Basedow, German educator, writer, and reformer ( d. 1790 )

* Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach, Austrian architect

** Johann Bernhard Basedow, German educational reformer ( b. 1723 )

* September 11 – Johann Bernhard Basedow, German educational reformer ( d. 1790 )

In fact he exerted enormous influence on the North German School of composers, in particular Georg Anton Benda, Bernhard Joachim Hagen, Ernst Wilhelm Wolf, Johann Gottfried Müthel, Friedrich Wilhelm Rust and many others.

His pupils included Anton Colander, Christoph Bernhard, Matthias Weckmann, Heinrich Albert, Johann Theile, Friedrich Werner, Philipp Stolle Johann Nauwach, Caspar Kittel, Christoph Kittel, Clemens Thieme, Johann Klemm, Johann Vierdanck, David Pohle, Constantin Christian Dedekind, Johann Jakob Loewe ( or Löwe ), Johann Kaspar Horn, Friedrich von Westhoff, Adam Krieger, Johann Wilhelm Furchheim, Carlo Farina.

Bernhard Riemann, Johann Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet and a number of significant mathematicians made their contributions to mathematics here.

pl: Johann Gustav Bernhard Droysen

Johann Gottfried Bernhard Bach ( May 11, 1715 – May 27, 1739 ) was the fourth child to reach adulthood of Johann Sebastian Bach and Maria Barbara Bach.

Aventinus, whose name was real name is Johann or Johannes Turmair ( Aventinus being the Latin name of his birthplace ) wrote the Annals of Bavaria, a valuable record of the early history of Germany and the first major written work on the subject.

After its introduction on Plancius's globe, the first known depiction of the constellation in a celestial atlas was in Johann Bayer's Uranometria of 1603, where it was called " Apis Indica ".

His few remaining masses ( the story of his having composed two hundred is hardly credible ) and church music in general are comparatively unimportant, except the great St Cecilia Mass ( 1721 ), which is one of the first attempts at the style which reached its height in the great masses of Johann Sebastian Bach and Beethoven.

Most of the brighter stars were assigned their first systematic names by the German astronomer Johann Bayer in 1603, in his star atlas Uranometria ( named after Urania, the Greek Muse of Astronomy, along with Uranus, the Greek god of the sky and heavens ).

Johann Bayer was the first uranographer to put Chamaeleon in a celestial atlas.

They were first observed in 1869 by German physicist Johann Hittorf, and were named in 1876 by Eugen Goldstein kathodenstrahlen, or cathode rays.

In 1869, German physicist Johann Hittorf was first to realize that something must be travelling in straight lines from the cathode to cast the shadows.

The mathematical properties of the catenary curve were first studied by Robert Hooke in the 1670s, and its equation was derived by Leibniz, Huygens and Johann Bernoulli in 1691.

The first known reference to one was by Johann Speth in 1693 and the earliest such extant signed and dated clavichord was built in 1716 by Johann Michael Heinitz.

Avicenna also " described diabetes insipidus very precisely for the first time ", though it was later Johann Peter Frank ( 1745 – 1821 ) who first differentiated between diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus.

Hydrothermal synthetic emeralds have been attributed to IG Farben, Nacken, Tairus, and others, but the first satisfactory commercial product was that of Johann Lechleitner of Innsbruck, Austria, which appeared on the market in the 1960s.

His hurried effort was published by his friend Johann Froben of Basel in 1516 and thence became the first published Greek New Testament, the Novum Instrumentum omne, diligenter ab Erasmo Rot.

It was seen first in Johann Froben ’ s revised edition of the Adagia published in Basel in 1515.

* 1643 – Johann Kasimir Kolbe von Wartenberg, first Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Prussia ( d. 1712 )

Another scholar of the time interested in grimoires, the antiquarian bookseller Johann Scheible, first published the Sixth and Seventh Books of Moses, two influential magical texts that claimed to have been written by the ancient Jewish figure Moses.

Its first depiction in a celestial atlas was in Johann Bayer's Uranometria of 1603.

The word " halogen " had actually first been proposed in 1811 by Johann Salomo Christoph Schweigger as a name for the newly discovered element chlorine, but Davy's proposed term for this element eventually won out, and Schweigger's term was kept at Berzelius ' suggestion as the term for the element group that contains chlorine.

The first depiction of this constellation in a celestial atlas was in Johann Bayer's Uranometria of 1603.

Johann Fichte was the first German philosopher to make an attempt at a presuppositionless theory of knowledge, wherein nothing outside of thought is assumed to exist apart from the primordial analysis of the Ego.

John Jacob Astor ( born Johann Jakob Astor ; July 17, 1763 – March 29, 1848 ) was a German-American business magnate, merchant and investor who was the first prominent member of the Astor family and the first multi-millionaire in the United States.

Johann Carolus's Relation aller Fürnemmen und gedenckwürdigen Historien, published in 1605 in Strassburg, is often recognized as the first newspaper.

Johann Jakob gave his son his first musical training.