After her death, Josiah was married to Abiah Folger on July 9, 1689, in the Old South Meeting House by Samuel Willard.

Jöns Jacob Berzelius, Joseph Priestley, Humphry Davy, Linus Pauling, Gilbert N. Lewis, Josiah Willard Gibbs, Robert Burns Woodward, and Fritz Haber also made notable contributions.

In the late 19th century, Josiah Willard Gibbs had formulated a theory to predict whether a chemical reaction is spontaneous based on the free energy

William Thomson ( Lord Kelvin ) amalgamated all of these laws into the laws of thermodynamics, which aided in the rapid development of explanations of chemical processes by Rudolf Clausius, Josiah Willard Gibbs, and Walther Nernst.

when Josiah Willard Gibbs introduced " a heat function for constant pressure ".

* 1839 – Josiah Willard Gibbs, American physicist ( d. 1903 )

A major breakthrough in the understanding of materials occurred in the late 19th century, when the American scientist Josiah Willard Gibbs demonstrated that the thermodynamic properties related to atomic structure in various phases are related to the physical properties of a material.

One milestone was the publication in 1876 by Josiah Willard Gibbs of his paper, On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances.

Hence, the foundations of statistical thermodynamics were laid down in the late 1800s by those such as Maxwell, Boltzmann, Max Planck, Clausius, and Josiah Willard Gibbs who began to apply statistical and quantum atomic theory to ideal gas bodies.

During the years 1873 – 76 the American mathematical physicist Josiah Willard Gibbs published a series of three papers, the most famous being On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances.

In 1875, in the work of Josiah Willard Gibbs, the basic thermodynamic quantities were energy potentials, such as internal energy, as dependent variables, and entropy, considered as a fundamental independent variable.

Josiah Willard Gibbs, who was exposed to quaternions through James Clerk Maxwell's Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, separated off their vector part for independent treatment.

* February 11 – Josiah Willard Gibbs, American physicist and chemist ( d. 1903 )

Gibbs was the fourth of the five children, and the only son, of Josiah Willard Gibbs and his wife Mary Anna, née Van Cleve.

His given name, which he shared with his father and several other members of his extended family, derived from his ancestor Josiah Willard, who had been Secretary of the Province of Massachusetts Bay in the 18th century.

The American Mathematical Society endowed the Josiah Willard Gibbs Lectureship in 1923 to increase public awareness of mathematics and its applications.

The United States Navy oceanographic research ship USNS Josiah Willard Gibbs ( T-AGOR-1 ), in service from 1958 to 1971, was named for Gibbs.

# REDIRECT Josiah Willard Gibbs

* 1876 – Josiah Willard Gibbs publishes the first of two papers ( the second appears in 1878 ) which discuss phase equilibria, statistical ensembles, the free energy as the driving force behind chemical reactions, and chemical thermodynamics in general.

In the United States, the pioneering work of Josiah Willard Gibbs became the basis for statistical mechanics.

It is named after Josiah Willard Gibbs and Hermann von Helmholtz.

Chemical potential was first described by the American engineer, chemist and mathematical physicist Josiah Willard Gibbs.

The Gibbs free energy, originally called available energy, was developed in the 1870s by the American mathematician Josiah Willard Gibbs.

Josiah Willard Gibbs in his papers used the term fundamental functions.

* February 5 – Josiah Thomas, Australian politician ( b. 1863 )

* Sir Josiah Mason, an English pen-manufacturer, was born in Mill Street on 23 February 1795.

On 23 February 1875, Sir Josiah Mason, the Birmingham industrialist and philanthropist, who made his fortune in making key rings, pens, pen nibs and electroplating, founded Mason Science College.

Walton only served in that position from November 16, 1795, to February 20, 1796, until a successor, Josiah Tattnall, was officially elected.

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Sir Josiah Mason ( 23 February 1795 – 16 June 1881 ) was an English pen-manufacturer.

Sir Josiah John Guest, 1st Baronet, known as John Josiah Guest, ( 2 February 1785 – 26 November 1852 ) was a Welsh engineer and entrepreneur.

He was born in New York City on February 7, 1806, the son of New York Attorney General Josiah Ogden Hoffman and Maria ( Fenno ) Hoffman ( 1781 – 1823, daughter of John Fenno ).

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Josiah Hornblower ( February 23, 1729 – January 21, 1809 ) was an English engineer and statesman in America Belleville, New Jersey.

* Thomas Wedgwood IV ( 1716, Burslem – 23 February 1773, Burslem, Master Potter of the Churchyard Words and the Overhouse, Burslem, taught his younger brother Josiah the potter's trade.

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On February 25, 1866, miners found a human skull in a mine, beneath a layer of lava, below the surface of the earth, which made it into the hands of Josiah Whitney, then the State Geologist of California as well as a Professor of Geology at Harvard University.

She was killed, along with her unborn baby ( Josiah Hawk ), three other children – Ricarda Star, Sunshine Karma, and Eli Changing Sun – and her mother in an arson attack on the Duck Valley Indian Reservation in northern Nevada on 12 February 1979.