Shortly after in 355, Constantius promoted Gallus ' younger half-brother and Constantius ' last surviving cousin, Julian to the rank of Caesar.

The massacre left Constantius, his older brother Constantine II, his younger brother Constans, and three cousins Gallus, Julian and Nepotianus as the only surviving male relatives of Constantine the Great.

She was a full-sister of Gallus and a half-sister of Julian.

Constantius II ordered the murders of many descendants from the second marriage of Constantius Chlorus and Theodora, leaving only Constantius and his brothers Constantine II and Constans I, and their cousins, Julian and Gallus ( Julian's half-brother ), as the surviving males related to Emperor Constantine.

After Eusebius died in 342, both Julian and Gallus were exiled to the imperial estate of Macellum in Cappadocia.

Constantius, after his experience with Gallus, intended his representative to be more a figurehead than an active participant in events, so he packed Julian off to Gaul with a small retinue and Constantius ' prefects in Gaul would keep him in check.

In 355, after deposing his cousin Gallus but still feeling the crises of the empire too much for one emperor to handle, Constantius raised his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar.

Gallus had three siblings: an elder sister, of unknown name, who was the first wife of Constantius II, an elder brother, also of unknown name, who died in the purges after the death of Constantine I, and a younger half-brother by his father's second marriage, named Flavius Claudius Iulianus, commonly known as Julian.

Gallus himself was one of the only imperial males, outside of the three sons of Constantine I and Fausta, who were not killed ; the others being Gallus ' younger half-brother, Julian, and their cousin, Nepotian, each of whom was very young at the time.

At which point, Eusebius was made bishop of Constantinople, which necessitated Gallus and Julian to follow him to that city.

It is believed that after the death of Eusebius in 341, Constantius then sent Gallus and Julian to continue their studies at the imperial household in Macellum, Cappadocia.

The same source claims that Gallus walked anonymously in Antioch by night, asking passersby for their opinion on their caesar, while Julian records the great amount of time spent by Gallus at the Hippodrome, probably to obtain popular support.

Iulius Constantius's sons Constantius Gallus and Julian married Constantine I's daughters by Fausta, Constantia and Helena, respectively.

# Constantius sole Emperor – Elevation and Death of Gallus – Danger and Elevation of Julian – Sarmatian and Persian Wars – Victories of Julian in Gaul – Paris

Some years ago Julian Huxley proposed to an audience made up of members of the British Association for the Advancement of Science that `` man's supernormal or extra-sensory faculties are ( now ) in the same case as were his mathematical faculties during the ice age ''.

Starting from Julian Date 2443144. 5 ( 1 January 1977 00: 00: 00 ), corrections were applied to the output of all participating clocks, so that TAI would correspond to proper time at mean sea level ( the geoid ).

Ammianus relates ( xvii. 1. 11 ) that much later the Emperor Julian undertook a punitive expedition against the Alemanni, who by then were in Alsace, and crossed the Main ( Latin Menus ), entering the forest, where the trails were blocked by felled trees.

Their most famous battle against Rome took place in Argentoratum ( Strasbourg ), in 357, where they were defeated by Julian, later Emperor of Rome, and their king Chnodomarius was taken prisoner to Rome.

It was at Anah that the emperor Julian met the first opposition on his disastrous expedition against Persia ( 363 ), when he got possession of the place and transported the people ; and there that Ziyad and Shureih with the advanced guard of Ali's army were refused passage across the Euphrates ( 36 / 657 ) to join Ali in Mesopotamia ( Tabari i. 3261 ).

The week cycle was not even interrupted when 10, 11, 12, or 13 dates were skipped when the Julian calendar was replaced by the Gregorian calendar by various countries.

Its main activists were Julian Lewis, Edward Leigh and Francis Holihan.

In 1980, Julian Simon repeatedly challenged environmental scientists to bet against him on trends in prices of commodities, asserting that humanity would never run out of anything ... Paul and the other scientists knew that the five metals in the proposed wager were not critical indicators and said so at the time ...

Although Augustus's succession plans were all but ruined due to the deaths of more than several family members, including many of his own descendants, in the end Tiberius remained faithful to his predecessor's wishes that the next emperor would hail from the Julian side of the Imperial Family.

In 358, Julian gained victories over the Salian Franks on the Lower Rhine, settling them in Toxandria in the Roman Empire, north of today's city of Tongeren, and over the Chamavi, who were expelled back to Hamaland.

If the cities were treated as relatively autonomous local administrative areas, it would simplify the problems of imperial administration, which as far as Julian was concerned, should be focused on the administration of the law and defense of the empire's vast frontiers.

Julian soon discovered that wealthy merchants were causing food problems, apparently by hoarding food and selling it at high prices.

Various parts of Libanius ' orations may suggest that both sides were justified to some extent while Ammianus blames Julian for " a mere thirst for popularity ".

Julian Jaynes ( February 27, 1920 – November 21, 1997 ) was an American psychologist, best known for his book The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind ( 1976 ), in which he argued that ancient peoples were not conscious.

A 2012 book titled The Julian Jaynes Collection gathers together many of the lectures and articles by Jaynes relevant to his theory ( including some that were previously unpublished ), along with interviews and question and answer sessions where Jaynes addresses misconceptions about the theory and extends the theory into new areas.

As the kingdom was by now a relatively unimportant state, the Mongols paid little attention to it, but there were a few skirmishes in 1260: the forces of Julian of Sidon killed the nephew of Kitbuqa, who responded by sacking Sidon, and John II of Beirut was also captured by the Mongols during another raid.

Important pioneers in lute revival were Julian Bream, Hans Neemann, Walter Gerwig, Suzanne Bloch and Diana Poulton.

The Nationals were stung in early 2006, when their only Victorian senator, Julian McGauran, defected to the Liberals and created a serious rift between the Nationals and the Liberals.

Based on Bethe's intuition and fundamental papers on the subject by Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Julian Schwinger, Richard Feynman and Freeman Dyson, it was finally possible to get fully covariant formulations that were finite at any order in a perturbation series of quantum electrodynamics.

Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Julian Schwinger and Richard Feynman were jointly awarded with a Nobel prize in physics in 1965 for their work in this area.

There were also autographs by band members from Depeche Mode, Tool, the Fray, Judas Priest, Pearl Jam and more, as well as signatures from Ricky, Julian and Bubbles from " Trailer Park Boys: The Movie " on a rare Epiphone guitar.

Judge and Mrs. Julian Hazard are now at Laguna Beach, while the Frank Wangemans have moved from Beverly Hills to New York, where he is general manager of the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel.

* 357, Battle of Strasbourg — Julian expels the Alemanni from the Rhineland

Most recently, Mike Piazza, then of the New York Mets, was hit in the head by a pitch from Julian Tavarez of the St. Louis Cardinals on September 10, 2005.

Pompey's plan was to allow Caesar's infantry to advance, have his cavalry attack and push back the numerically inferior Julian horses, and then attack Caesar's infantry from behind.

Due to the change from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar, Bealltainn in Scotland was commonly celebrated on 15 May while in Ireland " Old Beltane " or " Old May " began about the night of 11 May.

Julian Bream of Britain managed to get nearly every British composer from William Walton to Benjamin Britten to Peter Maxwell Davies to write significant works for guitar.

The Julian calendar " jumps " from 1 BC to 1 AD.

However, when Constantius requested reinforcements from Julian ’ s army for the eastern campaign, the Gallic legions revolted and proclaimed Julian Augustus.

There she trained at the Académie Julian, the largest art school in Paris, and at the Académie Colarossi, receiving weekly critiques from established masters like Tony Robert-Fleury and William-Adolphe Bouguereau.

where hereafter is Julian centuries from J2000. 0.

Among the Oriental Orthodox some churches have changed from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar and the date for Easter as for other fixed and moveable feasts is the same as in the Western church.

In the introduction to Newcomb's Tables of the Sun ( 1895 ) the basis of the tables ( p. 9 ) includes a formula for the Sun's mean longitude, at a time indicated by interval T ( in Julian centuries of 36525 mean solar days ) reckoned from Greenwich Mean Noon on 0 January 1900:

In the Aeneid ( published circa 17 BC ), Vergil claims the descent of Augustus Caesar's Julian clan from the hero Aeneas through his son Ascanius, also called Iulus.

* 1753 – In Sweden February 17 is followed by March 1 as the country moves from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar.

The long-standing astronomical convention dating from the work of Ptolemy, was to refer to noon as zero hours ( see Julian day ).

Selections from Iberia have rarely been attempted on solo guitar but have been very effectively performed by guitar ensembles, such as the performance by John Williams and Julian Bream of Iberia's opening " Evocation.

* 363 – Roman Emperor Julian is killed during the retreat from the Sassanid Empire.

The Presbyter Julian and the Bishop Longinus conducted a mission among the Nabataeans, and Justinian attempted to strengthen Christianity in Yemen by despatching a bishop from Egypt.

Julian (, ; 331 / 332 – 26 June 363 ), commonly known as Julian the Apostate or Julian the Philosopher, was Roman Emperor from 361 to 363 and a noted philosopher and Greek writer.