Dyson is best known for demonstrating in 1949 the equivalence of the formulations of quantum electrodynamics that existed by that time – Richard Feynman's diagrams, on the one hand, and, on the other, the operator method developed by Julian Schwinger and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga.

File: Richard Feynman Nobel. jpg | Richard Feynman ( 1918-1988 ): developed the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, the theory of quantum electrodynamics, and the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium, awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965 with Julian Schwinger and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, developed the Feynman diagram representing subatomic particle behavior.

Based on Bethe's intuition and fundamental papers on the subject by Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Julian Schwinger, Richard Feynman and Freeman Dyson, it was finally possible to get fully covariant formulations that were finite at any order in a perturbation series of quantum electrodynamics.

* March 31 – Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Japanese physicist, Nobel laureate ( d. 1979 )

** Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Japanese physicist, Nobel Prize laureate ( b. 1906 )

* 1943 Sin-Itiro Tomonaga publishes his paper on the basic physical principles of quantum electrodynamics

; Sin-Itiro Tomonaga ( member of the Japanese academy of Sciences, president of the Scientific Council of Japan ): for substantial scientific contributions to the development of physics.

Later important contributors to twentieth century mathematical physics include: Satyendra Nath Bose, Julian Schwinger, Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Richard Feynman, Freeman Dyson, Hideki Yukawa, Roger Penrose, Stephen Hawking, Edward Witten, and Rudolf Haag.

This problem of systematically handling the infinities of quantum field theory to obtain finite physical quantities was solved for QED by Richard Feynman, Julian Schwinger and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, who received the 1965 Nobel prize for these contributions.

# REDIRECT Sin-Itiro Tomonaga

Among his fellow students, were the sons of Hideki Yukawa and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga.

* Sin-Itiro Tomonaga ( 1906-1979 ), a Japanese physicist and Nobel Prize winner, influential in the development of quantum electrodynamics

# REDIRECT Sin-Itiro Tomonaga

# REDIRECT Sin-Itiro Tomonaga

* 1948 – Richard Feynman, Julian Schwinger, Sin-Itiro Tomonaga and Freeman Dyson: Quantum electrodynamics

of physicists, including two Nobel Laureates: Hideki Yukawa and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga.

# REDIRECT Sin-Itiro Tomonaga

# REDIRECT Sin-Itiro Tomonaga

# REDIRECT Sin-Itiro Tomonaga

# REDIRECT Sin-Itiro Tomonaga

# REDIRECT Sin-Itiro Tomonaga

# REDIRECT Sin-Itiro Tomonaga

# REDIRECT Sin-Itiro Tomonaga

# REDIRECT Sin-Itiro Tomonaga

Although his arguments sometimes lacked mathematical rigor even by physicists ' standards and glossed over details such as the derivation of Ward-Takahashi identities of the quantum theory, his calculations worked, and Freeman Dyson soon demonstrated that his method was substantially equivalent to those of Julian Schwinger and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, with whom Feynman shared the 1965 Nobel Prize in Physics.

The University of Tsukuba has provided several Nobel Prize winners so far, such as Leo Esaki, Hideki Shirakawa and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga.

One way of describing the divergences was discovered in the 1930s by Ernst Stueckelberg, in the 1940s by Julian Schwinger, Richard Feynman, and Shin ' ichiro Tomonaga, and systematized by Freeman Dyson.

** Physics-Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Julian Schwinger, Richard P. Feynman

It was the harbinger of modern quantum electrodynamics developed by Julian Schwinger, Richard Feynman, and Shinichiro Tomonaga.

QED and the Men Who Made It: Dyson, Feynman, Schwinger, and Tomonaga.

The technique of renormalization, suggested by Ernst Stueckelberg and Hans Bethe and implemented by Dyson, Feynman, Schwinger, and Tomonaga compensates for this effect and eliminates the troublesome infinities.

The early development of the field involved Fock, Pauli, Heisenberg, Bethe, Tomonaga, Schwinger, Feynman, and Dyson.

Feynman's mathematical technique, based on his diagrams, initially seemed very different from the field-theoretic, operator-based approach of Schwinger and Tomonaga, but Freeman Dyson later showed that the two approaches were equivalent.

QED originated in the 1930s, and in the late 1940s and early 1950s it was reformulated by Feynman, Tomonaga and Schwinger, who jointly received the Nobel prize for this work in 1965.

This " divergence problem " was solved in the case of quantum electrodynamics during the late 1940s and early 1950s by Hans Bethe, Tomonaga, Schwinger, Feynman, and Dyson, through the procedure known as renormalization.

The first approach that bore fruit is known as the " interaction representation ", ( see the article Interaction picture ) a Lorentz covariant and gauge-invariant generalization of time-dependent perturbation theory used in ordinary quantum mechanics, and developed by Tomonaga and Schwinger, generalizing earlier efforts of Dirac, Fock and Podolsky.

Tomonaga and Schwinger invented a relativistically covariant scheme for representing field commutators and field operators intermediate between the two main representations of a quantum system, the Schrödinger and the Heisenberg representations ( see the article on quantum mechanics ).

Although both Feynman's heuristic and pictorial style of dealing with the infinities, as well as the formal methods of Tomonaga and Schwinger, worked extremely well, and gave spectacularly accurate answers, the true analytical nature of the question of " renormalizability ", that is, whether ANY theory formulated as a " quantum field theory " would give finite answers, was not worked-out till much later, when the urgency of trying to formulate finite theories for the strong and electro-weak ( and gravitational interactions ) demanded its solution.

Thanks to the somewhat brute-force, clanky and heuristic methods of Feynman, and the elegant and abstract methods of Tomonaga / Schwinger, from the period of early renormalization, we do have the modern theory of quantum electrodynamics ( QED ).

and the men who made it: Dyson, Feynman, Schwinger, and Tomonaga, Princeton University Press ( 1994 ) 0-691-03327-7

Andrei Sakharov classified Ward as one of the " titans " of quantum electrodynamics alongside Dyson, Feynman, Schwinger, and Tomonaga.