For this reason, Justice Black and Justice Douglas indicated their disapproval of special interrogatories even in civil cases.

Because it allows for community standards and demands " serious " value, Justice Douglas worried in his dissent that this test would make it easier to suppress speech and expression.

As a result, they apply the Lemon Test only selectively, holding Justice Douglas ' statement in Zorach v. Clauson, " e are a religious people whose institutions presuppose a Supreme Being ".

This happened in the majority opinion by Justice William O. Douglas in Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U. S. 479, 484 ( 1965 ) which cited the amendment as implying a belief that an individual's home should be free from agents of the state.

" However, Justice William O. Douglas rejected that view ; Douglas wrote that, " The Ninth Amendment obviously does not create federally enforceable rights.

Political leaders and reformers like Mahatma Gandhi, President John F. Kennedy, civil rights activist Martin Luther King, Jr., Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas, and Russian author Leo Tolstoy all spoke of being strongly affected by Thoreau's work, particularly Civil Disobedience, as did " right-wing theorist Frank Chodorov devoted an entire issue of his monthly, Analysis, to an appreciation of Thoreau.

Justice Douglas, dissenting in Wheeling Steel Corp. v. Glander ( 337 U. S. 562, 1949 ), gave an opinion similar to, but shorter than, the one quoted above, to which Justice Black concurred.

Yet both Justice Black and Justice Douglas dissented from the Supreme Court's 1957 decision in United States v. United Auto Workers, 352 U. S. 567 ( 1957 ), in which the Court, on procedural grounds, overruled a lower court decision striking down the prohibition on corporate and union political expenditures:

It was this group that obtained the help of Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas by participating in a Dam Protest Hike which drew local and national attention to the situation.

Justice Douglas threatened to write a dissent from the reargument order ( he and the other liberal Justices were suspicious that Rehnquist and Powell would vote to uphold the statute ), but was coaxed out of the action by his colleagues, and his dissent was merely mentioned in the reargument order without further statement or opinion.

United States Supreme Court Associate Justice William O. Douglas was one famous summer visitor to Wallowa County, building a vacation cabin on Lostine River Road in 1939.

One view of the statutory purpose, urged for example by Justice Douglas, was that the goal was not only to protect consumers, but at least as importantly to prohibit the use of power to control the marketplace.

" Dissenting opinion of Justice Douglas in United States v. Columbia Steel Co.

Maine Township is best known as being the birthplace of Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas.

In Village of Belle Terre v. Boraas, the United States Supreme Court, in an opinion written by Justice William O. Douglas, held that it was constitutional to forbid more than two people unrelated by blood, adoption, or marriage — not counting household servants — from living and cooking together as a single housekeeping unit in the village for the purpose of maintaining a quiet residential sector, a legitimate state interest.

* William O. Douglas ( 1898 – 1980 ), American Associate Justice of the Supreme Court

* Charles Douglas III ( born 1942 ), U. S. Representative from New Hampshire and New Hampshire Supreme Court Associate Justice

Justice Douglas ' dissenting opinion held that:

Announced on December 14, 1964, the opinion of the court was delivered by Justice Tom C. Clark, with concurring opinions by Justice Arthur Goldberg, Justice Hugo Black, and Justice William O. Douglas.

Mr. Justice Black was one of the minority that rested on the Article 1, power.

Mr. Justice Black no doubt concurs in principle but is more apt to make exceptions to achieve a generous and `` just '' result.

Mr. Justice Black led a reversing majority: `` Strict local rules of pleading cannot be used to impose unnecessary burdens upon rights of recovery authorized by federal law ''.

* 1886 – Hugo Black, U. S. Supreme Court Justice ( d. 1971 )

In particular, Supreme Court Justice Hugo Black wrote in a dissent that " t is high time, in my judgment, to wipe out root and branch the judge-invented and judge-maintained notion that judges can try criminal contempt cases without a jury.

In the 1961 decision, Justice Hugo Black commented in a footnote, " Among religions in this country which do not teach what would generally be considered a belief in the existence of God are Buddhism, Taoism, Ethical Culture, Secular Humanism, and others.

Nonetheless, this case was cited by Justice Black to justify the inclusion of secular humanism in the list of religions in his note.

Presumably Justice Black added the word secular to emphasize the non-theistic nature of the Fellowship of Humanity and distinguish their brand of humanism from that associated with, for example, Christian humanism.

* Hugo Black, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States who cited John Lilburne's trial in several opinions beginning with In re Oliver in 1948

Justice Hugo Black adopted Jefferson's words in the voice of the Court, and concluded that " government must be neutral among religions and nonreligion: it cannot promote, endorse, or fund religion or religious institutions.

Nevertheless, the Court's balance began to shift within months when Justice van Devanter retired and was replaced by Senator Hugo Black.

* September 25 – Hugo Black, American Supreme Court Justice ( b. 1886 )

* February 27 – Hugo Black, U. S. Supreme Court Justice ( d. 1971 )

In a case challenging corporate tax rates, Justice Black wrote:

Seagal is credited as a producer and sometimes a writer on many of these DTV movies, which include Black Dawn, Belly of the Beast, Out of Reach, Submerged, Kill Switch, Urban Justice, Pistol Whipped, Against the Dark, Driven to Kill, A Dangerous Man, Born to Raise Hell and The Keeper, a movie released in Japan fifteen weeks earlier than the United States.

Justice Hugo Black stated: By this time, four states had a minimum voting age below 21.

* Young Black Men and the Criminal Justice System: A Growing National Problem ( 1990 ) – a report that documented that nearly one in four African American males in the age group 20-29 was under some form of criminal justice supervision

* Young Black Americans and the Criminal Justice System: Five Years Later ( 1995 ) – a report demonstrating that the proportion of African American males ages 20-29 under criminal justice supervision was approaching one in three

Jamil Abdullah Al-Amin (; born October 4, 1943, as Hubert Gerold Brown ), also known as H. Rap Brown, was chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee in the 1960s, and during a short-lived ( six months ) alliance between SNCC and the Black Panther Party, he served as their Minister of Justice.

Petitioner was not denied due process in the administrative proceedings, because the statement in question was in his file, to which he had access, and he had opportunities to rebut it both before the hearing officer of the Department of Justice and before the appeal board.

Petitioner, who claims to be a conscientious objector, contends that he was denied due process, both in the proceedings before a hearing officer of the Department of Justice and at trial.

In an age of oratory, he was the king of orators, and both he himself and Chief Justice Marshall were bathed in manly tears, as Uncle Dan'l reached his thundering climax:

Justice Holmes cautioned that “ the proper derivation of general principals in both common and constitutional law ... arise gradually, in the emergence of a consensus from a multitude of particularized prior decisions .” Justice Cardozo noted the “ common law does not work from pre-established truths of universal and inflexible validity to conclusions derived from them deductively ,” but “ ts method is inductive, and it draws its generalizations from particulars .”

Lord Chief Justice Edward Coke, a 17th-century English jurist and Member of Parliament, wrote several legal texts that formed the basis for the modern common law, with lawyers in both England and America learning their law from his Institutes and Reports until the end of the 18th century.

Politics of Eritrea takes place in a framework of a single-party presidential republic, whereby the Eritrean President is both head of state and head of government and a single-party state, led by the People's Front for Democracy and Justice.

The Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) is a governmental agency belonging to the United States Department of Justice that serves as both a federal criminal investigative body and an internal intelligence agency ( counterintelligence ).

In its sentence from September 1997, the International Court of Justice stated that both sides breached their obligation and that the 1977 Budapest Treaty is still valid.

* 1921 – Former U. S. President William Howard Taft is sworn in as 10th Chief Justice of the U. S. Supreme Court, becoming the only person to ever be both President and Chief Justice.

In Justice League # 2, Batman notes that he and Superman have at least one thing in common: both of them speak openly of their distaste for Luthor.

The Court, with John Marshall as Chief Justice, found firstly that Madison's refusal to deliver the commission was both illegal and remediable.

Although drug use, as opposed to trafficking, is seen primarily as a public health issue, responsibility for drug policy is shared by both the Ministry of Health, Welfare, and Sports, and the Ministry of Justice.

On 27 November 2003, the Dutch Justice Minister Piet Hein Donner announced that his government was considering rules under which coffeeshops would only be allowed to sell soft drugs to Dutch residents in order to satisfy both European neighbors ' concerns about the influx of drugs from the Netherlands, as well as those of Netherlands border town residents unhappy with the influx of " drug tourists " from elsewhere in Europe.

In addition, the NTSB has assisted the National Aeronautics and Space Administration in its investigations of both the Challenger and the Columbia space shuttle disasters, assisted the Department of Justice during the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack investigations, and assisted the U. S. military in its investigation of the aircraft that crashed in the former Yugoslavia that took the lives of more than 30 Americans, including Commerce Secretary Ron Brown.

Nevertheless, Borden's successor, Arthur Meighen appointed Bennett Minister of Justice in his government, as it headed into the 1921 federal election in which both the government and Bennett were defeated.

Some of these journals include, Police Quarterly and the Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, so that both sides of the argument are present and evaluated.

Vice Presidents John Tyler and Millard Fillmore were both sworn in on the death of their predecessors by Chief Justice William Cranch of the Circuit Court of the District of Columbia.

While both ` Abdu ' l-Bahá and Shoghi Effendi, heads of the religion after Bahá ' u ' lláh, considered establishing the Universal House of Justice, they both declined to do so.

While Shoghi Effendi, the Guardian of the Bahá ' í Faith stated that a purely vegetarian diet would be preferable since it avoided killing animals, both he and the Universal House of Justice, the governing body of the Bahá ' ís have stated that these teachings do not constitute a Bahá ' í practice and that Bahá ' ís can choose to eat whatever they wish but should be respectful of others ' beliefs.

The decision to emphasize the Copyright clause argument was based on both the minority opinion of Judge Sentelle in the appeals court, and on several recent Supreme Court decisions authored by Chief Justice William Rehnquist: United States v. Lopez and United States v. Morrison.