After the indecisive < ref name =" British historian Townsend Miller "> British historian Townsend Miller: “ But, if the outcome of < nowiki > battle of </ nowiki > Toro, militarily, is debatable, there is no doubt whatsoever as to its enormous psychological and political effects ” in The battle of Toro, 1476, in History Today, volume 14, 1964, p. 270 </ ref > Battle of Toro in 1476 against King Ferdinand II of Aragon, the husband of Isabella I of Castile, he went to France to obtain the assistance of Louis XI, but finding himself deceived by the French monarch, he returned to Portugal in 1477 in very low spirits.

* his successor in Naples, King Ferdinand I of Naples, ( b. 1423 ; reigned 1458 – 1494 ).

Palamedes, Creugas and Damoxenus, the Combat of Theseus and the Centaur, and Hercules and Lichas may close the class of heroic compositions, although the catalogue might be swelled by the enumeration of various others, such as Hector and Ajax, King Ferdinand of Naples, and others.

Despite pleas from Nelson and Hamilton, King Ferdinand of Naples refused to lend his frigates to the British fleet, fearing French reprisals.

On his return to Naples, Nelson was greeted with a triumphal procession led by King Ferdinand IV and Sir William Hamilton and was introduced for only the third time to Sir William's wife Emma, Lady Hamilton, who fainted violently at the meeting, and apparently took several weeks to recover from her injuries.

The apple of discord: King George I of Greece and Tsar Ferdinand of Bulgaria at Thessaloniki, December 1912.

In 1214, Ferdinand, Infante of Portugal, and Count of Flanders desired the return of the cities of Aire-sur-la-Lys and Saint-Omer, which he had recently lost to Philip II, King of France in the Treaty of Pont-à-Vendin.

Count Ferdinand remained imprisoned following his defeat, while King John obtained a five year truce, on very lenient terms given the circumstances.

Another Hungarian parliament elected Ferdinand Habsburg as King of Hungary.

She was the youngest surviving child of King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile.

* 1285 – King Ferdinand IV of Castile ( d. 1312 )

The spark was Napoleon's invasion of Spain, after which he deposed King Ferdinand VII and, in July 1808, placed his brother Joseph Bonaparte on the Spanish throne.

In 1512 under Ferdinand the Catholic as King of the first political unit referred to as Spain, joint Spanish troops from both the Kingdom of Castile and the Kingdom of Aragon commanded by Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo, second Duke of Alba, first invaded partially the Kingdom of Navarre.

Albert ( full name: Frederick Augustus Albert Anton Ferdinand Joseph Karl Maria Baptist Nepomuk Wilhelm Xaver Georg Fidelis ) ( Dresden, 23 April 1828 – Schloss Sibyllenort ( Szczodre ), 19 June 1902 ) was a King of Saxony and a member of the House of Wettin.

* 1861 – King Ferdinand of Bulgaria ( d. 1948 )

# On 15 September 1790, to his double first cousin Maria Teresa of the Two Sicilies ( 6 June 1772 – 13 April 1807 ), daughter of King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies ( both were grandchildren of Empress Maria Theresa and shared all of their other grandparents in common ), with whom he had twelve children, of whom only seven reached adulthood.

* 1309-While the King Ferdinand IV of Castile laid siege on Algeciras, Alonso Pérez de Guzmán ( known to the Spanish records as Guzmán el Bueno ) was sent to capture the town.

* 1479 20 January – Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon – the Catholic Monarchs, jointly rule the kingdoms of Castile and Aragon, including Gibraltar.

The oath of King Ferdinand, known as the " Catholic Monarch " on June 30, 1476 is depicted in a painting by Francisco de Mendieta popularly known as El besamanos (" The Royal audience ").

After the accession of King Louis II, George was aided in his reforming efforts by Queen Maria, a sister of Charles V and Ferdinand I, who was favorably inclined toward the new doctrine.

King Ferdinand made George the most alluring offers of Silesian possessions if he would support the emperor, but he strongly rejected them.

Isabella retained the throne and ruled jointly with her husband, King Ferdinand II.

The French were decisively defeated at the Battle of Vitoria in 1813, and the following year, Ferdinand VII was restored as King of Spain.

Leonora was the daughter of Ferdinand I, the Aragonese King of Naples, and Isabella of Taranto.

For Spain, dates commonly used are the death of King Ferdinand II in 1516, the death of Queen Isabella I of Castile in 1504, or the conquest of Granada in 1492.

He was the only legitimate son of King Denis of Portugal by his wife Elizabeth of Aragon.

Afonso was born in Sintra, the eldest son of King Edward of Portugal by his wife, Eleanor of Aragon.

A denarius of Alfonso's, minted at Jaca, bearing his effigy and the inscription ANFUS-REX ARA-GON ( Anfusus rex Aragonensium, King Alfonso of Aragon ).

Alfonso III ( 1265, Valencia – 18 June 1291 AD ), called the Liberal ( el Liberal ) or the Free ( also " the Frank ," from el Franc ), was the King of Aragon and Count of Barcelona ( as Alfons II ) from 1285.

Alfonso IV, called the Kind ( also the Gentle or the Nice, ) ( 1299, Naples – 24 January 1336 ) was the King of Aragon and Count of Barcelona ( as Alfonso III ) from 1327 to his death.

Alfonso the Magnanimous KG ( also Alphonso ; ; 1396 – 27 June 1458 ) was the King of Aragon ( as Alfonso V ), Valencia ( as Alfonso III ), Majorca, Sardinia and Corsica ( as Alfonso II ), and Sicily and Count of Barcelona ( as Alfonso IV ) from 1416 and King of Naples ( as Alfonso I ) from 1442 until his death.

* Alfonso V of Aragon ( 1396 – 1458 ), King of Naples as Alfonso I

* Violant of Hungary or Yolanda ( c. 1215 – 12 October 1251 ), wife of King James I of Aragon

Alicante was finally taken in 1246 by the Castilian king Alfonso X, but it passed soon and definitely to the Kingdom of Valencia in 1298 with King James II of Aragon.

Catharine of Aragon ( Castilian: Catalina de Aragón ; ; 16 December 1485 – 7 January 1536 ) was the Spanish Queen consort of England as the first wife of King Henry VIII of England and Princess of Wales as the wife to Arthur, Prince of Wales.

Simon de Montfort was granted the Trencavel lands by the Pope and did homage for them to the King of France, thus incurring the enmity of Peter of Aragon who had held aloof from the conflict, even acting as a mediator at the time of the siege of Carcassonne.

* 1208 – King James I of Aragon ( d. 1276 )

Charles Quint, under the titles of Count of Burgundy, Holy Roman Emperor, and King of Aragon, Castile and Germany, among others, encircled France.

* 1509 – Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon are crowned King and Queen of England.

* 1283 – Battle of the Gulf of Naples: Roger of Lauria, admiral to King Peter III of Aragon, captures Charles of Salermo.

* 1287 – King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca.

* King James I of Aragon ( 1208 – 1276 )

* King James I of Sicily ( 1267 – 1327 ), also King James II of Aragon