Hoxha's leadership was characterized by his proclaimed firm adherence to anti-revisionist Marxism – Leninism from the mid-1970s onwards.

It was organized on Leninism.

The position was adopted as State policy after Stalin's January 1926 article On the Issues of Leninism ( К вопросам ленинизма ).

In February 1917, for five years, Leninism was the Russian application of Marxist economics and political philosophy, effected and realised by the Bolshevik party, the vanguard party who led the fight for the political independence of the working class.

After the October Revolution of 1917, Leninism was the dominant version of Marxism in Russia, and then the official state ideology of Soviet democracy ( by workers ’ council ) in the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic ( RSFSR ), before its unitary amalgamation into the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR ), in 1922.

Lenin did not regard such political suppression as philosophically inherent to the dictatorship of the proletariat ; yet the Stalinists retrospectively claimed that such factional suppression was original to Leninism.

The counter-action against Stalin aligned with Lenin ’ s advocacy of the right of self-determination for the national and ethnic groups of the former Tsarist Empire, which was a key theoretic concept of Leninism.

In political practice, Leninism ( vanguard-party revolution ), despite its origin as Communist revolutionary praxis, was adopted throughout the political spectrum.

Marxism – Leninism ( and its derivatives ) was the dominant ideology of the international Communist movement following the ascension of Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union, and as such, it is the political ideology and movement most often associated with the word " Communism ".

According to G. Lisichkin, Marxism – Leninism as a separate ideology was compiled by Stalin in his book " The questions of Leninism ".

During the period of Stalin's rule in the Soviet Union, Marxism – Leninism was proclaimed the official ideology of the state.

The term " Marxism – Leninism " is often used by those who believe that Lenin's legacy was successfully carried forward by Joseph Stalin ( Stalinists ).

In China, the claim that Mao had " adapted Marxism – Leninism to Chinese conditions " evolved into the idea that he had updated it in a fundamental way applying to the world as a whole ; consequently, the term " Marxism – Leninism – Mao Zedong Thought " ( commonly known as Maoism ) was increasingly used to describe the official Chinese state ideology as well as the ideological basis of parties around the world who sympathized with the Communist Party of China ( such as the Communist Party of the Philippines, Marxist – Leninist / Mao Zedong Thought, founded by Jose Maria Sison in 1968 ).

Following the death of Mao, Peruvian Maoists associated with the Communist Party of Peru ( Sendero Luminoso ) subsequently coined the term Marxism – Leninism – Maoism, arguing that Maoism was a more advanced stage of Marxism.

In North Korea, Marxism – Leninism was officially superseded in 1977 by Juche, in which concepts of class and class struggle, in other words Marxism itself, play no significant role.

Marxism – Leninism descends from the Bolshevik (" Majority ") faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party ( RSDLP ) that was founded in the RSDLP's Second Congress in 1903.

The official ideology of the Shining Path ceased to be ' Marxism – Leninism-Mao Tse-tung thought ', and was instead referred to as ' Marxism – Leninism – Maoism-Gonzalo thought '.

More nuanced versions of this general view are to be found in the works of other Western historians, such as Robert Service, who notes that " institutionally and ideologically, Lenin laid the foundations for a Stalin ... but the passage from Leninism to the worse terrors of Stalinism was not smooth and inevitable.

Marxism – Leninism was introduced to Vietnam in the 1920s and 1930s, and Vietnamese culture has been led under the banner of patriotism and Marxism – Leninism.

Mao believed that Khrushchev was not adhering to Marxism – Leninism, but was instead a revisionist, altering his policies from basic Marxist concepts, something Mao feared would allow capitalists to eventually regain control of the country.

In modern times, collectivism is sometimes thought to be synonymous with socialism or specifically Leninism for its emphasis on a hierarchical Vanguard party organization, though collectivism more accurately simply means " group oriented " or " group orientation ".

In Marxist philosophy, Leninism is the body of political theory for the democratic organisation of a revolutionary vanguard party, and the achievement of a direct-democracy dictatorship of the proletariat, as political prelude to the establishment of socialism.

Developed by, and named for, the Russian revolutionary Vladimir Lenin ( Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, 1870 – 1924 ), Leninism comprises political and socialist economic theories, developed from Marxism, and Lenin ’ s interpretations of Marxist theory, for practical application to the socio-political conditions of the agrarian Russian Empire ( 1721 – 1917 ) of the early 20th century.

However the basis for elements of Marxism – Leninism predate this.

As they viewed the capitalist class to be politically, militarily and culturally mobilized for the purpose of maintaining an exploitable working class, they fought in the early 20th century to appropriate from the capitalist class the society's collective political capacity in the form of the state, either through democratic socialism, or through what came to be known as Leninism.

While Marxism – Leninism is usually described as an ideology rather than religion, many communist states placed importance on the preservation of the remains of their respective founders, and making them available for veneration by citizens.

He expressed misgivings about the authoritarian tendencies of Leninism, fearing for the socialist content of the Russian Revolution unless it should find a rectifying support in a proletarian revolution in the West.

As they regard both sides of the 1953 split in the Fourth International to have affirmed this stance, which they regard as a fundamental breach with Leninism and Trotskyism, and as they believe all the major forces having emerged from the Fourth International to be implementing this false ' processist ' methodology today, they call for a new Fifth International to be built by the working class forces fighting neoliberalism worldwide, including from the workers ' trade unions, parties and other forces participating in the World Social Forum and analogous continental formations like the Asian and European Social Forums.

As they regard both sides of the 1953 split in the Fourth International to have affirmed this stance, which they regard as a fundamental breach with Leninism and Trotskyism, and as they believe all the major forces having emerged from the Fourth International to be implementing this false ' processist ' methodology today, they call for a new Fifth International to be built by the working class forces fighting neoliberalism worldwide, including from the workers ' trade unions, parties and other forces participating in the World Social Forum and analogous continental formations like the Asian and European Social Forums.

Rudi Dutschke was critical, classifying Bahro a Detachment in Leninism and too little respect for human rights accused and his suggestions as " totally unrealistic ".

Mao Zedong believed the new Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev had made a serious error in his Secret Speech denouncing Stalin, and criticized the Soviet Union's interpretation of Marxism – Leninism, in particular Khrushchev's support for peaceful co-existence and its interpretation.

They were created in an attempt to live up to the postulate of Leninism about the rights of nations for self-determination.

* The theory and practice of Leninism by Joseph Stalin Chicago: Published for the Workers Party of America by the Daily Worker Pub.

* Leninism or Trotskyism by Joseph Stalin, Lev Kamenev and Grigory Zinovyev Chicago: Published for the Workers Party of America by the Daily Worker Pub.

Grigorenko formed a dissident group — The Group for the Struggle to Revive Leninism.

( In turn, the early conflict between the PCdR and other minor socialist groups has been attributed to the legacy of Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea's quasi-Poporanist ideas inside the latter, as an intellectual basis for the rejection of Leninism.

When Wang returned to Yan ' an, he was admired by most of the CCP members as a talent of Marxism for his erudition and deep insights into Marxism and Leninism.

After embracing Communism in his youth, Hook was later known for his criticisms of totalitarianism, both fascism, and Marxism – Leninism.

" Appeal " was even more inflammatory, arguing Stalin " must be removed by force " and urging its readers " to everywhere organize cells of the ' Union ' to be joined under the banner of Leninism for the liquidation of the Stalin leadership.

Bolshevik revolutionary leader Leon Trotsky commonly used the terms " Bolshevism " and " Bolshevist " after his exile from the Soviet Union to differentiate between what he saw as true Leninism and the state and party as they existed under Joseph Stalin's leadership.

After the Russian Revolution ( 1917 ), in History and Class Consciousness ( 1923 ), György Lukács ideologically developed and organised Lenin ’ s pragmatic revolutionary practices into the formal philosophy of vanguard-party revolution ( Leninism ).

Marxism – Leninism is a communist ideology, officially based upon the theories of Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels and Vladimir Lenin, that promotes the development and creation of an international communist society through the leadership of a vanguard party presiding over a revolutionary socialist state that represents a dictatorship of the proletariat.

Democratic socialists oppose democratic centralism and the revolutionary vanguard party of Leninism.

Leninism is the revolutionary theories developed by Vladimir Lenin, including the organizational principles of democratic centralism, Vanguardism and the political theory of imperialism.

It was more revolutionary, and believed in a purer form of Marxism – Leninism than did the Parcham.

Socialisme ou Barbarie was critical of Leninism, rejecting the idea of a revolutionary party, and placing an emphasis on the importance of workers ' councils.

Proponents of the tactic advocated that the Trotskyists should enter the social democratic parties to connect with revolutionary socialist currents within them, and steer those currents toward Leninism.

The combination of the Russian revolutionary sweep with American efficiency is the essence of Leninism.

Hence, as a political-science concept and term, vanguard party most often is associated with Leninism ; however, similar concepts ( under different names ) also are present in other revolutionary ideologies.

Leninism argues that a communist revolution must be led by a vanguard of ' professional revolutionaries '— that is, men and women who are fully dedicated to the communist cause and who can then form the nucleus of the revolutionary movement.

In common with other parties of the WSM, the WSP ( I ) was formed as a revolutionary party opposed to Leninism, and seeking to win control of the state by parliamentary means in order to abolish it and establish socialism on a worldwide scale.