* Saint Elizabeth of Hungary ( 1207 – 10 November 1231 ), wife of Landgraf Louis IV of Thuringia

He led two embassies to the Mongols: the first carried letters from Pope Innocent IV and the second bore gifts and letters from Louis IX of France to Güyük Khan.

Aldona had two daughters, Cunigunde ( died in 1357 ), who married Louis VI the Roman, the son of Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor, on 1 January 1345, and Elisabeth ( died in 1361 ), who was married to Duke Bogislaus V of Pomerania.

Some notable collectors were Pope Boniface VIII, Emperor Maximilian of the Holy Roman Empire, Louis XIV of France, Ferdinand I, Henry IV of France and Elector Joachim II of Brandenburg, who started the Berlin Coin Cabinet ( German: Münzkabinett Berlin ).

** Louis IV ( 1715 – 1774 )

It was he who, in old age, crowned Louis IV of Bavaria as Holy Roman Emperor in 1328.

The daughters from this marriage were Cunigunde ( d. 1357 ), who was married to Louis VI the Roman, the son of Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor, and Elisabeth, who was married to Duke Bogislaus V of Pomerania.

It was a good match since she was a sister of Louis XIII ( their father, Henry IV, had died during her childhood ).

His maternal grandparents were Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse, and Princess Alice of the United Kingdom, who was a daughter of Queen Victoria and Albert, Prince Consort.

One of Edmund's last political movements of which there is some knowledge is his role in the restoration of Louis IV of France to the throne.

The failure of negotiations between Emperor Louis IV and the papacy led in 1338 to the declaration at Rhense by six electors to the effect that election by all or the majority of the electors automatically conferred the royal title and rule over the empire, without papal confirmation.

After him all kings and emperors relied on the lands of their own family ( Hausmacht ): Louis IV of Wittelsbach ( king 1314, emperor 1328 – 47 ) relied on his lands in Bavaria ; Charles IV of Luxembourg, the grandson of Henry VII, drew strength from his own lands in Bohemia.

After the death of her husband Duke Giselbert of Lotharingia, Henry's daughter Gerberga of Saxony married King Louis IV of France.

# Gerberga ( 913 – 984 )-wife of ( 1 ) Duke Giselbert of Lorraine and ( 2 ) King Louis IV of France

* 1862 – Princess Alice of the United Kingdom, second daughter of Queen Victoria, marries Prince Louis of Hesse, the future Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse

Jadwiga's father Louis had, in 1364 in Kraków, during festivities known as the Days of Kraków, also made an arrangement with his former father-in-law Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV to inter-marry their future children:

Luxembourg was invaded by Louis XIV of France ( husband of Maria Theresa, daughter of Philip IV ) in 1684, an action that caused alarm among France's neighbours and resulted in the formation of the League of Augsburg in 1686.

In 816, Pope Stephen IV, who had succeeded Leo III, visited Reims and again crowned Louis.

Pope Innocent IV with Louis IX at Cluny

Duke Louis IV was elected German king in 1314 and crowned as Holy Roman Emperor in 1328.

* 1610 – Henry IV of France is assassinated bringing Louis XIII to the throne.

Following the treaty of Verdun of 843, Alemannia became a province of the eastern kingdom of Louis the German, the precursor of the Holy Roman Empire.

Arnulf was granted the Duchy of Carinthia, a Frankish vassal state and successor of the ancient Principality of Carantania, by his father Carloman, after Carloman had become reconciled with his own father Louis the German and was created King of Bavaria.

This situation was resolved due to the efforts of Cyrus Adler, professor of Semitic languages at Johns Hopkins University and founder of the Jewish Publication Society, who convinced a number of wealthy German Reform Jews including Jacob Schiff, David and Simon Guggenheim, Mayer Sulzberger, and Louis Marshall, to contribute $ 500, 000 to the faltering JTS.

Louis XIV had hoped that a show of force would lead to a quick resolution to his dynastic and territorial disputes with the princes of the Empire along his eastern border, but his intimidatory moves only strengthened German resolve, and in May 1689 Leopold I and the Dutch signed an offensive compact aimed at repelling French aggression.

Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine, Prince Louis of Battenberg and their four children Princess Alice of Battenberg, Louise, George and Louis. Lord Mountbatten was born as His Serene Highness Prince Louis of Battenberg, although his German styles and titles were dropped in 1917.

In June 1917, when the Royal Family stopped using their German names and titles and adopted the more British-sounding " Windsor ": Prince Louis of Battenberg became Louis Mountbatten, and was created Marquess of Milford Haven.

* 842 – Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German languages.

Two of his sons – Charles the Bald and Louis the German – swore allegiance to each other against their brother – Lothair I – in the Oaths of Strasbourg, and the empire was divided among Louis's three sons ( Treaty of Verdun, 843 ).

Indeed, Emperor Louis Napoleon III surrendered himself and 100, 000 French troops to the German troops at Sedan on 1 – 2 September 1870.

* 841 – In the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye, forces led by Charles the Bald and Louis the German defeat the armies of Lothair I of Italy and Pepin II of Aquitaine.

At Verberie, Louis the German joined him.

Then Lothair finally set out with a large Lombard army, but Louis had promised his sons Louis the German and Pepin of Aquitaine greater shares of the inheritance, prompting them to shift loyalties in favour of their father.

Immediately, fearing that Pepin would be stirred up to revolt by his nobles and desiring to reform his morals, Louis the Pious summoned all his forces to meet in Aquitaine in preparation of an uprising, but Louis the German garnered an army of Slav allies and conquered Swabia before the emperor could react.

His ministers had been in contact with Pepin and may have convinced him and Louis the German to rebel, promising him Alemannia, the kingdom of Charles.

Louis the German promptly rose in revolt, and the emperor redivided his realm again at Quierzy-sur-Oise, giving all of the young king of Bavaria's lands, save Bavaria itself, to Charles.

In the spring of 839, Louis the German invaded Swabia, Pepin II and his Gascon subjects fought all the way to the Loire, and the Danes returned to ravage the Frisian coast ( sacking Dorstad for a second time ).

By a final placitum issued there, Louis gave Bavaria to Louis the German and disinherited Pepin II, leaving the entire remainder of the empire to be divided roughly into an eastern part and a western.

The family tree of Louis III, Duke of Württemberg | Ludwig Herzog von Württemberg ( ruled 1568 – 1593 )

* Ludwig von Pastor, The History of the Popes, from the Close of the Middle Ages, Ralph Francis Kerr, ed., 1908, B. Herder, St. Louis, Volume 7, pp. 347 – 348.

* Ludwig Jacoby, ( 1813 – 1874 ), born in Altstrelitz, an author and Methodist clergyman, commissioned as a missionary to St. Louis, Missouri, by the founder of the German Methodist Church in America, William Nast ( 1807 – 1899 ).

Early developments in organometallic chemistry include Louis Claude Cadet ’ s synthesis of methyl arsenic compounds related to cacodyl, William Christopher Zeise's platinum-ethylene complex, Edward Frankland ’ s discovery of dimethyl zinc, Ludwig Mond ’ s discovery of Ni ( CO )< sub > 4 </ sub >, and Victor Grignard ’ s organomagnesium compounds.

Louis ( also Ludwig or Lewis ) the German ( 806 – 28 August 876 ), also known as Louis II, was a grandson of Charlemagne and the third son of the succeeding Frankish Emperor Louis the Pious and his first wife, Ermengarde of Hesbaye.

Prince Frederick Louis ( sometimes rendered Lewis ), was born in Hanover, Germany, as Duke Friedrich Ludwig of Brunswick-Lüneburg.

Boris III the Unifier, Tsar of Bulgaria ( 30 January 1894 – 28 August 1943 ), originally Boris Klemens Robert Maria Pius Ludwig Stanislaus Xaver ( Boris Clement Robert Mary Pius Louis Stanislaus Xavier ), son of Ferdinand I, came to the throne in 1918 upon the abdication of his father, following the defeat of the Kingdom of Bulgaria during World War I.

Prince Louis de Condé, along with his sons Daniel and Osias, arranged with Count Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbrücken to establish a Huguenot community in present-day Saarland in 1604.

Louis IV or Ludwig IV may refer to:

* Louis ( Ludwig ) Martin ( 1820 – 1864 ) Co-founder of Hedwigs Hill, Mason County Justice of the Peace

Among them were Louis Rougier, Walter Lippmann, Friedrich Hayek, Ludwig von Mises, Wilhelm Röpke and Alexander Rüstow.

The most likely truth is that Derr's first name " Ludwig " translated into English as " Louis " but, being of German descent, it was spelled " Lewis ".

During the reign of Eberhard Ludwig ( 1676 – 1733 ), who succeeded as a one-year-old when his father Duke William Louis died in 1677, Württemberg made the acquaintance of another destructive enemy, Louis XIV of France.

Pettibon ’ s work is included in the collection of many museums and institutions worldwide including: The Armand Hammer Museum, Los Angeles, CA ; The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL ; Dallas Museum of Art, Dallas, Texas ; Ellipse Foundation Contemporary Art Collection, Lisbon, Portugal ; FRAC Nord-Pas de Calais, Lille, France ; Kunstmuseum St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland ; Hamburger Bahnhof, Museum für Gegenwart, Berlin, Germany ; Laguna Art Museum, Laguna Beach, CA ; Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA ; Ludwig Museum, Köln, Germany ; Milwaukee Art Museum, Milwaukee, WI ; Museion, Bolzano, Italy ; Museum Boijmans van Beuningen, Rotterdam, The Netherlands ; Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago, IL ; Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, CA ; Museum of Contemporary Art, San Diego, CA ; Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY ; Neue Galerie der Stadt Linz, Linz, Austria ; Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA ; Saint Louis Art Museum, St. Louis, MO ; Sammlung Goetz, Munich, Germany ; San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, San Francisco, CA ; Stiftung Kunsthalle Bern, Bern, Switzerland ; Tate Modern, London, United Kingdom ; Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada ; Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, MN ; Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY ; WIMNAM / CCI, Centre Pompidou, Paris, France.

Therefore Frederick's brother ( Charles Louis ' uncle ), Ludwig Philipp of Pfalz-Simmern-Kaiserslautern, served as regent.

Ludwig I ( also rendered in English as Louis I ; 25 August 1786 – 29 February 1868 ) was a German king of Bavaria from 1825 until the 1848 revolutions in the German states.

* George I ( r. 1714 – 27 ) ( Georg Ludwig = George Louis )

Johann Ludwig ( also known as John Lewis, Jean Louis ) Burckhardt ( November 24, 1784 – October 15, 1817 ) was a Swiss traveller and orientalist.

Frederick Charles Louis Constantine, Prince and Landgrave of Hesse ( 1 May 1868, Gut Panker – 28 May 1940, Kassel ), Friedrich Karl Ludwig Konstantin Prinz und Landgraf von Hessen-Kassel in German, was the brother-in-law of the German Emperor William II and the elected King of Finland from 9 October to 14 December 1918.

Anton Ludwig Feuchtwanger, a Bavarian sausage seller, is said to have served sausages in rolls at the World's Fair – either the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago or the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St Louis – again allegedly because the white gloves he gave to customers so that they could eat his hot sausages in comfort began to disappear as souvenirs.